Background
Methods
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Adoption and use per health region
Health region | Centrality (0-20)a
| Population (0-10)a
| Outpatient visits (2009) | Outpatient visits (2010) | Outpatient visits (2011) | Outpatient visits (2012) | Outpatient visits (2013) | Telemedicine consultations (2009) | Telemedicine consultations (2010) | Telemedicine consultations (2011) | Telemedicine consultations (2012) | Telemedicine consultations (2013) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western Norway | 10 | 0.80 | 879,911 | 930,840 | 947,303 | 994,769 | 1,027,463 | 240 (0.03 %) | 246 (0.03 %) | 821 (0.09 %) | 1586 (0.16 %) | 1686 (0.16 %) |
Central Norway | 11 | 0.50 | 695,162 | 724,617 | 763,467 | 784,757 | 804,753 | 448 (0.06 %) | 23 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 32 (0.00 %) |
Northern Norway | 4 | 0.20 | 470,078 | 484,151 | 502,839 | 515,029 | 514,316 | 1739 (0.37 %) | 876 (0.18 %) | 986 (0.20 %) | 955 (0.19 %) | 991 (0.19 %) |
South-Eastern Norway | 14 | 1.30 | 2,573,532 | 2,625,076 | 2,711,593 | 2,783,087 | 2,819,054 | 318 (0.01 %) | 41 (0.00 %) | 19 (0.00 %) | 159 (0.01 %) | 170 (0.01 %) |
Total | 12 | 0.6 | 4,618,683 | 4,764,684 | 4,925,202 | 5,077,642 | 5,165,586 | 2745 (0.06 %) | 1186 (0.02 %) | 1827 (0.04 %) | 2700 (0.05 %) | 2879 (0.06 %) |
Adoption and use per publicly funded hospital
Hospital | Size | Outpatient visits (2009) | Outpatient visits (2010) | Outpatient visits (2011) | Outpatient visits (2012) | Outpatient visits (2013) | Telemedicine consultations (2009) | Telemedicine consultations (2010) | Telemedicine consultations (2011) | Telemedicine consultations (2012) | Telemedicine consultations (2013) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western Norway | 879,911 | 930,840 | 947,303 | 994,769 | 1,027,463 | 240 (0.03 %) | 246 (0.03 %) | 821 (0.09 %) | 1586 (0.16 %) | 1686 (0.16 %) | |
Helse Stavanger HF | Large | 236,601 | 274,315 | 268,052 | 279,797 | 289,860 | 124 (0.05 %) | 201 (0.07 %) | 806 (0.30 %) | 1583 (0.57 %) | 1684 (0.58 %) |
Helse Fonna HF | Medium | 115,059 | 118,160 | 117,049 | 121,380 | 122,381 | 103 (0.09 %) | 41 (0.03 %) | 13 (0.01 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Helse Bergen HF | Large | 376,996 | 388,058 | 409,798 | 432,519 | 448,597 | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Helse Førde HF | Medium | 110,630 | 109,995 | 112,956 | 114,554 | 119,052 | 11 (0.01 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) |
Betanien Hospital (Hordaland)a
| Small | 1675 | 2059 | 2097 | 2104 | 2192 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Haugesund San. Revmatismesykehusa
| Small | 21,914 | 21,066 | 18,082 | 24,333 | 23,915 | 2 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehusa
| Small | 17,036 | 17,187 | 19,269 | 20,082 | 21,466 | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Central Norway | 695,162 | 724,617 | 763,467 | 784,757 | 804,753 | 448 (0.06 %) | 23 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 32 (0.00 %) | |
St. Olavs Hospital HF | Large | 327,390 | 350,338 | 368,701 | 382,669 | 393,556 | 448 (0.14 %) | 23 (0.01 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 10 (0.00 %) |
Helse Nord-Trøndelag HF | Medium | 100,797 | 99,562 | 109,382 | 109,110 | 112,597 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 22 (0.02 %) |
Helse Møre og Romsdal HF | Large | 266,975 | 274,717 | 285,384 | 292,978 | 298,600 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Northern Norway | 470,078 | 484,151 | 502,839 | 515,029 | 514,316 | 1739 (0.37 %) | 876 (0.18 %) | 986 (0.20 %) | 955 (0.19 %) | 991 (0.19 %) | |
Helse Finnmark HF | Medium | 55,048 | 54,132 | 55,108 | 59,607 | 59,092 | 14 (0.03 %) | 33 (0.06 %) | 39 (0.07 %) | 105 (0.18 %) | 76 (0.13 %) |
Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge HF | Large | 214,538 | 227,831 | 235,486 | 238,232 | 241,248 | 1325 (0.62 %) | 780 (0.34 %) | 848 (0.36 %) | 558 (0.23 %) | 778 (0.32 %) |
Nordlandssykehuset HF | Medium | 122,723 | 126,532 | 130,953 | 132,566 | 133,766 | 147 (0.12 %) | 63 (0.05 %) | 99 (0.08 %) | 292 (0.22 %) | 137 (0.10 %) |
Helgelandssykehuset HF | Medium | 77,769 | 75,656 | 81,292 | 84,624 | 80,210 | 253 (0.33 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
South-Eastern Norway | 2,573,532 | 2,625,076 | 2,711,593 | 2,783,087 | 2,819,054 | 318 (0.01 %) | 41 (0.00 %) | 19 (0.00 %) | 159 (0.01 %) | 170 (0.01 %) | |
Sunnaas sykehus HF | Small | 2691 | 3922 | 3598 | 3285 | 4388 | 0 (0.00 %) | 4 (0.10 %) | 5 (0.14 %) | 132 (4.02 %) | 154 (3.51 %) |
Vestre Viken HF | Large | 287,427 | 277,960 | 296,535 | 306,315 | 326,293 | 0 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) |
Akershus universitetssykehus HF | Large | 175,830 | 185,536 | 233,530 | 254,194 | 248,798 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Sykehuset Innlandet HF | Large | 317,634 | 320,325 | 327,537 | 335,019 | 341,459 | 97 (0.03 %) | 14 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 4 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) |
Sykehuset Østfold HF | Large | 200,674 | 195,314 | 196,563 | 205,507 | 212,247 | 137 (0.07 %) | 5 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Sørlandet sykehus HF | Large | 267,781 | 271,263 | 279,041 | 292,567 | 298,291 | 74 (0.03 %) | 15 (0.01 %) | 8 (0.00 %) | 18 (0.01 %) | 13 (0.00 %) |
Sykehuset i Vestfold HF | Large | 196,826 | 195,674 | 205,989 | 215,857 | 213,254 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Sykehuset Telemark HF | Medium | 155,306 | 164,000 | 169,598 | 173,197 | 154,658 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Oslo universitetssykehus HF | Large | 825,891 | 859,476 | 828,164 | 815,140 | 832,613 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Betanien Hospital (Telemark)a
| Small | 14,868 | 16,983 | 18,760 | 19,815 | 19,642 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.01 %) |
Lovisenberga
| Medium | 43,071 | 45,088 | 52,065 | 53,489 | 57,058 | 10 (0.02 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Martina Hansens hospitala
| Small | 22,934 | 22,964 | 25,021 | 29,528 | 29,568 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Revmatismesykehuset Lillehammera
| Small | 10,701 | 10,803 | 12,351 | 13,916 | 13,960 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Diakonhjemmeta
| Medium | 51,898 | 55,768 | 62,841 | 65,258 | 66,825 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Total | 4,618,683 | 4,764,684 | 4,925,202 | 5,077,642 | 5,165,586 | 2745 (0.06 %) | 1186 (0.02 %) | 1827 (0.04 %) | 2700 (0.05 %) | 2879 (0.06 %) |
Adoption and use per clinical specialty
Clinical specialty | Activity | Outpatient visits (2009) | Outpatient visits (2010) | Outpatient visits (2011) | Outpatient visits (2012) | Outpatient visits (2013) | Telemedicine consultations (2009) | Telemedicine consultations (2010) | Telemedicine consultations (2011) | Telemedicine consultations (2012) | Telemedicine consultations (2013) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neurosurgery | Small | 14,701 | 16,858 | 19,144 | 20,401 | 21,037 | 803 (5.46 %) | 384 (2.28 %) | 469 (2.45 %) | 274 (1.34 %) | 469 (2.23 %) |
Rehabilitation | High | 162,434 | 174,216 | 194,161 | 203,567 | 198,229 | 389 (0.24 %) | 162 (0.09 %) | 789 (0.41 %) | 1719 (0.84 %) | 1853 (0.93 %) |
Eye diseases | High | 228,680 | 266,363 | 287,130 | 301,316 | 311,324 | 154 (0.07 %) | 137 (0.05 %) | 231 (0.08 %) | 229 (0.08 %) | 291 (0.09 %) |
Endocrinology | Medium | 108,866 | 117,577 | 119,423 | 125,502 | 130,146 | 16 (0.01 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 5 (0.00 %) | 23 (0.02 %) | 26 (0.02 %) |
Cardiovascular diseases | High | 222,183 | 228,739 | 249,516 | 260,106 | 263,619 | 152 (0.07 %) | 58 (0.03 %) | 51 (0.02 %) | 30 (0.01 %) | 42 (0.02 %) |
Obstetrics | High | 482,661 | 502,400 | 513,143 | 508,829 | 510,189 | 102 (0.02 %) | 18 (0.00 %) | 14 (0.00 %) | 87 (0.02 %) | 71 (0.01 %) |
Digestive diseases | Medium | 122,480 | 142,525 | 162,385 | 174,526 | 175,016 | 23 (0.02 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 11 (0.01 %) | 31 (0.02 %) | 23 (0.01 %) |
Pulmonary diseases | Medium | 100,842 | 112,729 | 118,963 | 121,942 | 124,625 | 16 (0.02 %) | 4 (0.00 %) | 20 (0.02 %) | 16 (0.01 %) | 16 (0.01 %) |
Plastic surgery | Medium | 52,588 | 55,257 | 59,980 | 56,998 | 63,413 | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 7 (0.01 %) |
Kidney diseases | Medium | 53,312 | 52,288 | 54,164 | 57,058 | 58,516 | 12 (0.02 %) | 3 (0.01 %) | 3 (0.01 %) | 11 (0.02 %) | 6 (0.01 %) |
Urology | Medium | 135,833 | 148,557 | 160,630 | 166,324 | 170,295 | 49 (0.04 %) | 9 (0.01 %) | 17 (0.01 %) | 32 (0.02 %) | 15 (0.01 %) |
Neurology | Medium | 143,640 | 150,588 | 184,850 | 170,295 | 170,908 | 369 (0.26 %) | 12 (0.01 %) | 20 (0.01 %) | 32 (0.02 %) | 12 (0.01 %) |
General surgery | Medium | 166,569 | 146,575 | 133,809 | 128,941 | 120,954 | 35 (0.02 %) | 10 (0.01 %) | 7 (0.01 %) | 16 (0.01 %) | 4 (0.00 %) |
Children’s diseases | High | 212,285 | 215,727 | 198,207 | 219,036 | 218,822 | 120 (0.06 %) | 25 (0.01 %) | 5 (0.00 %) | 11 (0.01 %) | 7 (0.00 %) |
Orthopaedic surgery | High | 647,839 | 708,595 | 739,050 | 744,014 | 782,384 | 60 (0.01 %) | 72 (0.01 %) | 76 (0.01 %) | 139 (0.02 %) | 23 (0.00 %) |
Oncology and radiotherapy | High | 94,416 | 196,456 | 206,934 | 229,263 | 239,773 | 71 (0.08 %) | 9 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 6 (0.00 %) | 7 (0.00 %) |
Skin and venereal diseases | High | 197,707 | 204,552 | 189,415 | 222,658 | 216,227 | 220 (0.11 %) | 239 (0.12 %) | 93 (0.05 %) | 9 (0.00 %) | 5 (0.00 %) |
Gastroenterological surgery | Medium | 114,129 | 123,111 | 126,741 | 130,506 | 141,967 | 9 (0.01 %) | 4 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 25 (0.02 %) | 2 (0.00 %) |
Anaesthesiology | Small | 41,515 | 44,411 | 36,567 | 47,811 | 47,342 | 2 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.01 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Haematology | Medium | 61,811 | 75,488 | 84,666 | 91,659 | 94,146 | 14 (0.02 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Cardiovascular surgery | Medium | 43,410 | 47,502 | 53,060 | 54,176 | 53,752 | 1 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.01 %) | 4 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Ear, nose and throat diseases | High | 324,964 | 333,776 | 353,326 | 356,885 | 365,251 | 15 (0.00 %) | 9 (0.00 %) | 3 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
General internal medicine | Medium | 68,642 | 65,136 | 61,923 | 53,627 | 55,204 | 29 (0.04 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Geriatrics | Small | 16,338 | 16,931 | 18,427 | 19,370 | 18,797 | 10 (0.06 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Infectious diseases | Small | 28,603 | 31,889 | 34,297 | 38,322 | 39,646 | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Maxillofacial and mouth disease | Small | 29,634 | 27,554 | 26,746 | 28,005 | 29,006 | 10 (0.03 %) | 2 (0.01 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Other clinical specialities | High | 622,864 | 410,120 | 367,172 | 365,899 | 358,590 | 61 (0.01 %) | 18 (0.00 %) | 2 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Pregnancy/parathyroid surgery | Small | 2171 | 9883 | 15,717 | 17,186 | 21,182 | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Rheumatology | Medium | 117,566 | 138,881 | 155,656 | 163,420 | 165,226 | 2 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) | 1 (0.00 %) | 0 (0.00 %) |
Total | 4,618,683 | 4,764,684 | 4,925,202 | 5,077,642 | 5,165,586 | 2745 (0.06 %) | 1186 (0.02 %) | 1827 (0.04 %) | 2700 (0.05 %) | 2879 (0.06 %) |
International comparison
Reference | Technology | Year | Network size | Population served | Telemedicine consultations | Pro capita ratea
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Veterans Health Administration, USA | [Darkins 2014] [22] | VC and SF | 2013 | 152 Medical Centers, 600 community-based outpatient clinics, patients’ homes | 21,600,000 | 600,000 | 27.8 |
Alaska, USA | [Kokesh 2011] [26] | VC and SF | 2009 | 248 sites, more than 700 health-care providers | 700,000 | 14,000 | 20.0 |
Ontario, Canada | [O’Gorman 2015] [17] | VC and SF | 2013 | 2026 sites | 13,550,900 | 221,353 | 16.3 |
African Francophone Telemedicine Network, Bolivia | [Vargas 2014] [23] | VC and SF | 2013 | more than 20 health institutions | 200,000 | 700 | 3.5 |
Alberta, Canada | [Ohinmaa 2006] [24] | VC | 2003 | 212 sites | 3,000,000 | 5766 | 1.9 |
Georgia, USA | [Brewer 2011] [25] | VC and SF | 2009 | 51 statewide access points | 9,829,211 | 18,000 | 1.8 |
Nebraska, USA | [Meyers 2012] [27] | Mainly VC | 2010 | over 110 sites | 1,800,000 | 2600 | 1.4 |
Western Australia | [Dillon 2005] [28] | VC | 2003 | 104 sites | 2,000,000 | 2151 | 1.1 |
Norway | [present study] | VC | 2013 | 28 hospitals | 5,165,802 | 2879 | 0.6 |