Background
Methods
Behaviour change techniques
Statistical analysis
Results
Behaviour change techniques meta-analysis
(CALO-RE taxonomy item) Behaviour change techniques identified | Number of studies or subgroups |
---|---|
(5) Goal setting behaviour | 23 |
(1) Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general
| 17 |
(21) Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour | 14 |
(19) Provide feedback on performance | 13 |
(6) Goal setting outcome | 10 |
(2) Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual
| 9 |
(27) Use of follow-up prompts | 8 |
(8) Barrier identification/problem solving | 7 |
(37) Motivational interviewing | 7 |
(22) Model/Demonstrate the behaviour | 6 |
(29) Plan social support/social change | 6 |
(10) Prompt review of behavioural goals | 5 |
(24) Environmental restructuring | 4 |
(7) Action planning | 3 |
(28) Facilitate social comparison | 3 |
(16) Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour | 3 |
(23) Teach to use prompts/cues | 3 |
(26) Prompt practice | 2 |
(4) Provide normative information about others’ behaviour | 2 |
(13) Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour | 2 |
(25) Agree behavioural contract | 1 |
(17) Prompt self-monitoring of behavioural outcome | 1 |
(20) Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour | 1 |
(35) Relapse prevention/coping planning | 1 |
(33) Prompt self talk | 1 |
(9) Set graded tasks | 1 |
(36) Stress management/emotional control training | 1 |
(38) Time management | 1 |
BCT | Number of studies or subgroups BCT present Yes (No) | Sample size BCT present Yes (No) | BCT present Mean difference (95% CI) | I2(95% CI) | BCT absent Mean difference (95%CI) | I2(95% CI) | (Mean difference of Mean differences (95%CI))P
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motivational interviewing
| 7 (18) | 10,183 (49503) | 52.8 (33.1 to 72.8) | 81 (61 to 90) | 105.1 (71.4 to 138.7) | 97 (95 to 97) | (-52 (-91 to -13)) 0.009 |
Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual
| 11 (14) | 12,488 (9394) | 60.1 (45.0 to 75.3) | 62 (27 to 80) | 109.6 (64.6 to 154.9) | 96 (95 to 97) | (-49 (-97 to -2)) 0.040 |
Prompt review of behavioural goals
| 5 (20) | 7,163 (52562) | 69.1 (55.8 to 82.3) | 53 (0 to 83) | 92.9 (59.7 to 126.1) | 97 (96 to 98) | (-24 (-60 to 12)) 0.190 |
Goal setting (behaviour)
| 23 (2) | 59,323 (402) | 89.0 (63.6 to 114.5) | 97 (96 to 98) | 95.7 (-63.1 to 254.4) | 88 (N/A) | (-7 (-166 to 153)) 0.940 |
Model/Demonstrate the behaviour
| 6 (19) | 3,258 (56467) | 91.3 (56.9 to 125.7) | 71 (32 to 87) | 85.0 (55.9 to 114.2) | 95 (97 to 98) | (6 (-39 to 51)) 0.790 |
Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour
| 15 (10) | 53,717 (6008) | 99.5 (69.6 to 129.5) | 97 (96 to 98) | 67.8 (34.5 to 101.2) | 78 (59 to 88) | (32 (-13 to 77)) 0.170 |
Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general
| 18 (7) | 53,298 (6427) | 97.8 (67.6 to 127.9) | 97 (96 to 98) | 66.7 (32.3 to 101.1) | 86 (74 to 93) | (31 (-15 to 77)) 0.180 |
Provide feedback on performance
| 14 (11) | 54,563 (5162) | 102.5 (68.9 to 136.0) | 98 (97 to 98) | 63 (37.9 to 88.0) | 78 (60 to 87) | (39 (-2 to 81)) 0.060 |
Goal setting (outcome)
| 11 (14) | 43,702 (16023) | 118.1 (74.3 to 161.9) | 97 (96 to 98) | 62.8 (43.5 to 82.2) | 83 (73 to 90) | (55 (7 to 103)) 0.020 |
Use of follow-up prompts
| 9 (16) | 41,627 (18098) | 127.4 (74.1 to 180..7) | 95 (92 to 97) | 60.9 (43.4 to 78.4) | 86 (78 to 91) | (66 (10 to 123)) 0.020 |
Theoretical basis of interventions
Discussion
Statement of principal findings
Strengths and weaknesses of the study
Scientific analysis of findings
Outcome reviewed | Reference | BCTs identified as with greater effectiveness of interventions | BCTs identified as with lower effectiveness of interventions |
---|---|---|---|
Increasing physical activity in obese individuals | Olander (2013) [11] | • `teach to use prompts/cues’ | |
• `prompt practice’ | |||
• `prompt rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour’ | |||
French (2014) [12] | • None | • `setting behavioural goals’ | |
• `prompting self-monitoring of behaviour’ | |||
• `planning for relapses’ | |||
• `providing normative information’ | |||
• `providing feedback on performance’ | |||
Limiting gestational weight gain | Gardner (2011) [13] | • No obvious differences in the behaviour change techniques employed between effective and ineffective interventions | |
Hill (2013) [14] | • `provision of information on the consequences of behaviour to the individual’ | ||
• `motivational interviewing’ | |||
• `behavioural self-monitoring’ | |||
• `providing rewards contingent on successful behaviour’ | |||
Promoting weight loss in adults | Hatmann-Boyce (2014) [15] | • `provide information about others’ approval’ | • `prompting focus on past success’ |
• `provide normative information about others behaviour’ | • `prompt self-talk’ | ||
• 'model/demonstrate the behaviour’ | |||
• `facilitate social comparison’ | |||
Preventing and managing childhood obesity | Martin (2013) [16] | • `provide information on the consequences of behaviour to the individual’ | |
• `environmental restructuring’ | |||
• `prompt practice’ | |||
• `prompt identification as role model/position advocate’ | |||
• `stress management/emotional control training’ | |||
• `general communication skills training’ |