Background
Methods
In vivo experiments (Fig. 1)
Infarct size measurement
Arrhythmia analysis
Myocardial 3-nitrotyrosine measurement
Western blot
Triton X-100-insoluble SQSTM1/p62 Western blot
Statistical analysis
Results
Acute hyperglycemia abolishes the protective effect of RIPerC
0′ | 15′ | 30′ | 70′ | 190′ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NG
| 8.6 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.7 |
NG + Isch
| 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 1.1 |
NG + RIPerC
| 9.2 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | ||||
AHG
| 8.5 ± 0.3 | 17.7 ± 1.0* | 21.3 ± 2.1* |
AHG + Isch
| 18.0 ± 1.3* | 18.6 ± 0.6* |
AHG + RIPerC
| 19.9 ± 1.4#
| 18.4 ± 0.6#
|
0′ | 15′ | 30′ | 40′ | 60′ | 80′ | 100′ | 120′ | 140′ | 160′ | 180′ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (1/min) | ||||||||||||
NG
| 428 ± 10 | 409 ± 12 | 415 ± 9 |
NG + Isch
| 438 ± 15 | 422 ± 12 | 430 ± 13 | 419 ± 10 | 411 ± 12 | 411 ± 18 | 425 ± 20 | 421 ± 14 |
NG + RIPerC
| 419 ± 15 | 432 ± 14 | 418 ± 14 | 420 ± 8 | 428 ± 10 | 416 ± 9 | 427 ± 9 | 428 ± 13 | ||||
AHG
| 420 ± 12 | 417 ± 8 | 403 ± 9 |
AHG + Isch
| 430 ± 15 | 425 ± 8 | 437 ± 11 | 422 ± 5 | 416 ± 5 | 415 ± 9 | 419 ± 8 | 410 ± 6 |
AHG + RIPerC
| 410 ± 8 | 435 ± 10 | 409 ± 12 | 414 ± 16 | 408 ± 11 | 415 ± 11 | 406 ± 18 | 396 ± 18 | ||||
MABP (mmHg) | ||||||||||||
NG
| 111 ± 5 | 114 ± 7 | 114 ± 6 |
NG + Isch
| 116 ± 13 | 110 ± 10 | 109 ± 10 | 110 ± 9 | 109 ± 9 | 107 ± 8 | 108 ± 7 | 106 ± 11 |
NG + RIPerC
| 111 ± 6 | 118 ± 6 | 109 ± 7 | 105 ± 7 | 107 ± 7 | 100 ± 8 | 105 ± 7 | 106 ± 7 | ||||
AHG
| 112 ± 7 | 125 ± 8 | 119 ± 8 |
AHG + Isch
| 107 ± 8 | 103 ± 11 | 110 ± 7 | 105 ± 7 | 106 ± 7 | 101 ± 9 | 105 ± 6 | 108 ± 6 |
AHG + RIPerC
| 98 ± 16 | 118 ± 13 | 106 ± 11 | 116 ± 10 | 109 ± 13 | 113 ± 11 | 106 ± 13 | 103 ± 12 |
AHG exacerbates the incidence and duration of arrhythmias during ischemia
0–35′ | 35–45′ | 45–75′ | 75–195′ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arrhythmia incidence scores | |||||
NG
| 4.87 ± 1.28 |
NG + Isch
| 1.79 ± 0.73 | 2.47 ± 0.69 | 8.10 ± 3.01 |
NG + RIPerC
| 3.09 ± 1.57 | 3.03 ± 0.98 | 6.56 ± 1.12 | ||
AHG
| 1.99 ± 0.45 |
AHG + Isch
| 14.06 ± 3.34* | 23.17 ± 2.1* | 8.79 ± 1.97 |
AHG + RIPerC
| 10.69 ± 6.68 | 12.88 ± 6.87#
| 7.72 ± 3.19 | ||
Arrhythmia duration scores | |||||
NG
| 3.65 ± 0.84 |
NG + Isch
| 1.59 ± 0.61 | 2.18 ± 0.57 | 7.58 ± 2.92 |
NG + RIPerC
| 1.88 ± 0.73 | 2.18 ± 0.67 | 4.98 ± 0.82 | ||
AHG
| 1.99 ± 0.45 |
AHG + Isch
| 7.49 ± 1.58* | 14.46 ± 2.84* | 8.27 ± 1.95 |
AHG + RIPerC
| 4.08 ± 1.43 | 8.98 ± 3.62#
| 7.71 ± 3.18 |