Introduction
Methods
Study design and populations
Measurement of laboratory parameters
Statistical analysis
Results
Subjects
Variables | All cases n = 684 | CAD (+) | CAD (+) | p value among the 4 groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM (+) n = 60 | DM (−) n = 90 | p value between the 2 groups | DM (+) n = 118 | DM (−) n = 416 | p value between the 2 groups | |||
Male/female, n (%) | 470 (69)/214 (31) | 54 (90)/6 (10) | 79 (88)/11 (12) | 0.674 | 83 (70)/35 (30) | 254 (61)/162 (39) | 0.732 | < 0.0001 |
Age (years) | 62 ± 14 | 65 ± 10.3 | 64 ± 11.3 | 0.529 | 68 ± 113 | 60 ± 16 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | 0.810 | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 23.7 ± 4.0 | 0.001 | 0.050 |
BMI ≥ 30, n (%) | 51 (7.5) | 4 (6.7) | 5 (5.6) | 0.911 | 13 (11.3) | 30 (7.2) | 0.049 | 0.384 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 479 (70) | 51 (85) | 66 (73) | 0.078 | 85 (72) | 279 (67) | 0.302 | 0.027 |
Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 103 (15) | 8 (13) | 9 (10) | 0.544 | 18 (15) | 67 (16) | 0.939 | 0.554 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 458 (67) | 60 (100) | 71 (82) | 0.0005 | 107 (91) | 216 (52) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Hyperuricemia | 130 (19) | 13 (25) | 20 (22) | 0.589 | 21 (18) | 71 (17) | 0.670 | 0.423 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 70.4 ± 18.5 | 68.8 ± 14.0 | 69.0 ± 16.0 | 0.278 | 72.6 ± 20.4 | 70.3 ± 19.1 | 0.307 | 0.467 |
CKD stage 3 ≥, n (%) | 192 (28) | 15 (25) | 28 (31) | 0.401 | 30 (25) | 116 (28) | 0.562 | 0.697 |
CAD, n (%) | 150 (22) | – | – | |||||
Effort AP/OMI | 46/104 | 17 (28)/43 (78) | 29 (32)/62 (68) | 0.613 | – | – | – | – |
BNP (pg/mL) | 23.1 (11.1/46.3) | 32.5 (15.2/53.2) | 35.5 (13.7/71.0)2
| 0.407 | 28.9 (15.1/75.4)1
| 19.4 (9.8/38.6) | 0.081 | 0.0162 |
Cerebral Infarction, n (%) | 20 (2.9) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 0.705 | 8 (6.8) | 7(1.7) | 0.003 | 0.036 |
Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 10 (1.5) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | 0.696 | 5 (4.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0.0005 | 0.006 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.94 ± 0.77 | 6.83 ± 1.123,4
| 5.70 ± 0.34 | < 0.0001 | 6.68 ± 0.863,4
| 5.64 ± 0.42 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Duration of diabetes (years)* | – | 5.3 (3.3/9.8) | – | 6.2 (4.3/7.5)– | – | – | ||
Concomitant drugs (%) | ||||||||
Antiplatelets | 190 (27.8) | 55 (92) | 69 (77) | 0.017 | 60 (25) | 37 (8.9) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
ACE inhibitors | 52 (7.6) | 11 (18) | 14 (16) | 0.655 | 6 (5.1) | 21 (5.0) | 0.770 | < 0.0001 |
ARBs | 271 (40) | 22 (37) | 30 (33) | 0.674 | 54 (46) | 165 (40) | 0.129 | 0.312 |
β Blockers | 144 (21) | 25 (42) | 21 (23) | 0.017 | 27 (23) | 71 (17) | 0.070 | 0.0002 |
Calcium channel blockers | 316 (46) | 32 (53) | 46 (51) | 0.790 | 54 (46) | 184 (44) | 0.974 | 0.430 |
Statins | 318 (46) | 53 (88) | 66 (73) | 0.026 | 59 (50) | 140 (34) | 0.002 | < 0.0001 |
Fibrates | 13 (1.9) | 10 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0.771 | 7 (5.9) | 4 (1.0) | 0.002 | 0.006 |
Sulfonylurea | 48 (7.0) | 24 (40) | – | – | 23(19) | – | – | – |
Metformin | 19 (2.8) | 8 (10) | – | – | –12 (10) | – | – | |
α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 45 (6.6) | 20 (33) | – | – | 23 (19) | – | – | – |
Thiazolidine | 21 (3.1) | 11 (18) | – | – | 8 (6.8) | – | – | – |
Insulin | 4 (0.7) | 1 (1.7) | – | – | 3 (2.5) | – | – | – |
Variables | All cases n = 684 | CAD (+) | CAD (−) | p value among the 4 groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM (+) n = 60 | DM (−) n = 90 | p value between the 2 groups | DM (+) n = 118 | DM (−) n = 416 | p value between the 2 groups | |||
Lipids | ||||||||
TC (mg/dL) | 195 ± 38 | 176 ± 364,7
| 179 ± 314,7
| 0.380 | 196 ± 36 | 201 ± 38 | 0.064 | < 0.0001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 109 ± 31 | 97 ± 274,5
| 97 ± 254,5
| 0.710 | 109 ± 29 | 114 ± 31 | 0.209 | < 0.0001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 58 ± 17 | 51 ± 114,9
| 56 ± 15 | 0.012 | 56 ± 18 | 59 ± 17 | 0.029 | 0.0004 |
non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 138 ± 35 | 126 ± 343,6
| 123 ± 284,7
| 0.866 | 140 ± 36 | 142 ± 35 | 0.363 | < 0.0001 |
TRLs-related markers | ||||||||
TG (mg/dL)* | 122 (88/186) | 192 (106/210)1
| 125 (86/173)5
| 0.128 | 145 (109/221)3
| 115 (83/176) | < 0.0001 | 0.003 |
VLDL fraction (%) | 12.9 ± 6.6 | 14.7 ± 6.92
| 13.5 ± 6.91,5
| 0.341 | 15.3 ± 6.94
| 11.9 ± 6.2 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
RLP-C (mg/dL)* | 5.4 (4.0/8.0) | 5.3 (3.5/8.7) | 4.9 (3.5/7.1) | 0.271 | 6.0 (4.4/9.4) | 5.3 (4.0/7.7) | 0.027 | 0.096 |
apo B (mg/dL) | 90 ± 22 | 85 ± 211 | 83 ± 173,6
| 0.640 | 92 ± 21 | 92 ± 22 | 0.943 | 0.0012 |
apo C-II (mg/dL) | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 2.62,8
| 4.3 ± 1.96
| 0.044 | 5.1 ± 2.42
| 4.4 ± 1.9 | 0.005 | 0.0009 |
apo C-III (mg/dL) | 10.2 ± 3.8 | 10.6 ± 4.6 | 9.9 ± 3.7 | 0.303 | 10.8 ± 4.4 | 10.0 ± 3.0 | 0.094 | 0.108 |
LDL oxidation marker | ||||||||
MDA-LDL (U/L) | 110 ± 46 | 106 ± 40 | 93 ± 333,6
| 0.051 | 114 ± 45 | 114 ± 49 | 0.207 | 0.001 |
Lipid ratio | ||||||||
TG/HDL-C* | 2.32 (1.44/3.60) | 2.74 (1.93/4.46)1
| 2.29 (1.66/3.44)5
| 0.032 | 2.80 (1.84/4.58)2
| 2.04 (1.28/3.34) | 0.018 | 0.007 |
Inflammatory marker | ||||||||
WBC count (mm−3) | 6096 ± 1630 | 6354 ± 1374 | 6126 ± 1271 | 0.258 | 6391 ± 1745 | 5960 ± 1685 | 0.013 | 0.037 |
hs-CRP (mg/L)* | 0.50 (0.30/1.20) | 0.55 (0.22/1.78) | 0.40 (0.20/0.90) | 0.290 | 0.80 (0.40/1.60) | 0.50 (0.20/1.10) | < 0.0001 | 0.322 |
Variables | CAD (+) n = 140 | CAD (−) n = 534 | p value between the 2 groups | DM (+) n = 190 | DM (−) n = 494 | p value between the 2 groups |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 123 ± 31 | 142 ± 3 5 | < 0.0001 | 139 ± 35 | 134 ± 35 | 0.105 |
TG (mg/dL)* | 128 (92/186) | 120 (87/187) | 0.295 | 139 (107/218) | 119 (89/176) | < 0.0001 |
VLDL (%) | 14.0 ± 6.9 | 12.6 ± 6.5 | 0.025 | 14.8 ± 6.8 | 12.2 ± 6.3 | < 0.0001 |
RLP-C (mg/dL)* | 5.0 (3.5/7.4) | 5.4 (4.1/8.0) | 0.130 | 5.7 (4.2/8.9) | 5.2 (3.9/7.4) | 0.0026 |
apo C-II (mg/dL) | 4.7 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 0.627 | 4.7 (3.5/6.1) | 4.2 (3.1/5.3) | 0.0004 |
apo C-III (mg/dL) | 10.2 ± 4.0 | 10.2 ± 3.7 | 0.856 | 9.7 (8.0/12.3) | 9.4 (7.8/11.4) | 0.059 |
LDL-C/apoB ratio* | 1.174 (1.073/1.231) | 1.241 (1.138/1.333) | < 0.0001 | 1.173 ± 0.152 | 1.227 ± 0.152 | < 0.0001 |
TG/HDL-C ratio* | 2.497 (1.715/3.824) | 2.555 (1.360/3.593) | 0.063 | 3.558 ± 2.648 | 2.828 ± 2.717 | 0.002 |
Comparison of LDL-C/apoB ratio among the 4 groups
Multi-logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between the LDL-C/apoB ratio corresponding to sd-LDL and the presence or absence of CAD and DM
Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of variables identified LDL-C/apoB ratio
Variables | Univariate | Multivariate 1 | Multivariate 2 | Multivariate 3 | Multivariate 4 | Multivariate 5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | |
All cases (n = 684) | ||||||||||||
Age | −0.151 | < 0.0001 | −0.104 | 0.008 | −0.125 | 0.001 | −0.134 | 0.001 | −0.144 | 0.0002 | −0.141 | 0.0001 |
Gender | −0.196 | < 0.0001 | −0.135 | 0.0003 | −0.119 | 0.0005 | −0.131 | 0.0007 | −0.113 | 0.003 | −0.079 | 0.027 |
BMI | −0.134 | 0.001 | 0.020 | 0.622 | 0.002 | 0.960 | 0.011 | 0.797 | 0.018 | 0.646 | 0.048 | 0.201 |
Cigarette smoking | −0.054 | 0.163 | ||||||||||
Hypertension | −0.154 | < 0.0001 | −0.014 | 0.707 | −0.009 | 0.814 | −0.019 | 0.630 | −0.024 | 0.527 | −0.008 | 0.822 |
Dyslipidemia | −0.244 | < 0.0001 | −0.047 | 0.311 | −0.082 | −0.068 | −0.084 | 0.087 | −0.052 | 0.266 | −0.010 | 0.819 |
Diabetes mellitus | −0.150 | < 0.0001 | 0.009 | 0.856 | 0.027 | 0.582 | <0.0001 | 0.994 | 0.004 | 0.932 | −0.009 | 0.849 |
HbA1c | −0.131 | 0.0008 | 0.01 | 0.836 | 0.025 | 0.612 | 0.025 | 0.630 | 0.032 | 0.522 | 0.029 | 0.542 |
HDL-C | 0.299 | < 0.0001 | 0.155 | 0.007 | 0.045 | 0.295 | 0.181 | < 0.0001 | 0.236 | < 0.0001 | 0.344 | < 0.0001 |
Statins use | −0.220 | < 0.0001 | −0.131 | 0.003 | −0.109 | 0.010 | −0.138 | 0.003 | −0.108 | 0.014 | −0.147 | 0.0004 |
Fibrates use | −0.122 | 0.002 | −0.075 | 0.037 | −0.059 | 0.088 | −0.081 | 0.029 | 0.069 | 0.052 | −0.063 | 0.061 |
Glitazone use | −0.035 | 0.368 | ||||||||||
TRLs-related markers | ||||||||||||
TG* | −0.446
| < 0.0001
| −0.345
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | ||||
VLDL | −0.502
| < 0.0001
| – | −0.424
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | ||||
RLP-C* | −0.304
|
0.001
| – | – | −0.240
| < 0.0001
| – | – | ||||
apo C-II | −0.353
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | −0.323
| < 0.0001
| |||||
apo C-III | −0.401
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | −0.045
| < 0.0001
| ||||
Inflammatory markers | ||||||||||||
WBC count | −0.130 | 0.0007 | −0.036 | 0.339 | −0.031 | 0.387 | −0.053 | 0.170 | −0.065 | 0.082 | −0.035 | 0.318 |
hs-CRP* | −0.110 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.956 | −0.018 | 0.636 | 0.008 | 0.843 | 0.014 | 0.720 | 0.026 | 0.472 |
LDL-C < 100 mg.dL (n = 264) | ||||||||||||
Age | −0.095 | 0.124 | ||||||||||
Gender | 0.183 | 0.003 | −0.049 | 0.358 | −0.052 | 0.318 | −0.058 | 0.290 | −0.040 | 0.437 | −0.007 | 0.878 |
BMI | −0.259 | < 0.0001 | −0.065 | 0.258 | −0.076 | 0.174 | −0.074 | 0.210 | −0.044 | 0.426 | −0.019 | 0.723 |
Scigarette smoking | −0.045 | 0.477 | ||||||||||
Hypertension | −0.207 | 0.0008 | −0.033 | 0.562 | −0.042 | 0.448 | −0.035 | 0.555 | −0.024 | 0.656 | −0.025 | 0.625 |
Dyslipidemia | −0.351 | < 0.0001 | −0.151 | 0.042 | −0.189 | 0.009 | −0.187 | 0.017 | −0.162 | 0.023 | −0.098 | 0.149 |
Diabetes mellitus | −0.138 | 0.025 | 0.056 | 0.433 | 0.068 | 0.331 | 0.056 | 0.445 | 0.023 | 0.733 | −0.006 | 0.926 |
HbA1c | −0.154 | 0.013 | −0.025 | 0.732 | −0.037 | 0.598 | −0.017 | 0.820 | 0.014 | 0.839 | −0.001 | 0.987 |
HDL-C | 0.301 | < 0.0001 | 0.055 | 0.347 | −0.002 | 0.969 | 0.131 | 0.026 | 0.213 | 0.0001 | 0.313 | < 0.0001 |
Statins use | −0.193 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.937 | −0.002 | 0.970 | −0.038 | 0.583 | 0.007 | 0.917 | −0.049 | 0.416 |
Fibrates use | −0.269 | < 0.0001 | −0.167 | 0.002 | −0.147 | 0.005 | −0.196 | 0.0003 | −0.156 | 0.002 | −0.109 | 0.025 |
Glitazone use | 0.024 | 0.702 | ||||||||||
TRLs-related markers | ||||||||||||
TG* | −0.601
| < 0.0001
| −0.436
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | ||||
VLDL | −0.606
| < 0.0001
| – | −0.464
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | ||||
RLP-C* | −0.502
| < 0.0001
| – | – | −0.349
| < 0.0001
| – | – | ||||
apo C-II | −0.577
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | −0.453
| < 0.0001
| – | ||||
apo C-III | −0.591
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | −0.544
| < 0.0001
| ||||
Inflammatory markers | ||||||||||||
WBC count | −0.182 | 0.003 | −0.078 | 0.144 | −0.079 | 0.134 | −0.106 | 0.056 | −0.097 | 0.058 | −0.075 | 0.123 |
hs-CRP* | −0.083 | 0.184 | ||||||||||
Lipid-modifying treatment (n = 335) | ||||||||||||
Age | −0.138 | 0.012 | −0.176 | 0.001 | −0.170 | 0.001 | −0.186 | 0.001 | −0.222 | < 0.0001 | −0.231 | < 0.0001 |
Gender | −0.201 | 0.0002 | −0.176 | 0.002 | −0.143 | 0.008 | −0.162 | 0.006 | −0.166 | 0.003 | −0.131 | 0.014 |
BMI | 0.004 | 0.939 | ||||||||||
Scigarette smoking | −0.036 | 0.510 | ||||||||||
Hypertension | −0.144 | 0.009 | −0.075 | 0.155 | −0.077 | 0.129 | −0.077 | 0.164 | −0.075 | 0.161 | −0.054 | 0.281 |
Dyslipidemia | −0.120 | 0.029 | −0.033 | 0.534 | −0.042 | 0.406 | −0.039 | 0.480 | −0.028 | 0.604 | −0.029 | 0.563 |
Diabetes mellitus | −0.094 | 0.089 | ||||||||||
HbA1c | −0.116 | 0.039 | −0.065 | 0.218 | −0.056 | 0.268 | −0.056 | 0.309 | −0.033 | 0.540 | −0.044 | 0.381 |
HDL-C | 0.220 | < 0.0001 | 0.027 | 0.635 | −0.043 | 0.449 | 0.092 | 0.113 | 0.123 | 0.027 | 0.203 | 0.0002 |
Statins use | 0.019 | 0.731 | ||||||||||
Fibrates use | −0.132 | 0.016 | −0.088 | 0.945 | −0.072 | 0.153 | −0.108 | 0.051 | −0.092 | 0.083 | −0.066 | 0.187 |
Glitazone use | 0.014 | 0.800 | ||||||||||
TRLs-related markers | ||||||||||||
TG* | −0.368
| < 0.0001
| −0.299
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | ||||
VLDL | −0.468
| < 0.0001
| – | −0.424
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | ||||
RLP-C* | −0.208
|
0.0002
| – | – | −0.133
|
0.019
| – | – | ||||
apo C-II | −0.253
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | −0.249
| < 0.0001
| – | ||||
apo C-III | −0.384
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | −0.416
| < 0.0001
| ||||
Inflammatory markers | ||||||||||||
WBC count | −0.114 | 0.037 | −0.038 | 0.495 | −0.040 | 0.441 | −0.075 | 0.192 | −0.060 | 0.278 | −0.006 | 0.916 |
hs-CRP* | −0.060 | 0.276 | ||||||||||
No Lipid-modifying treatment (n = 349) | ||||||||||||
Age | −0.105 | 0.051 | ||||||||||
Gender | −0.203 | 0.0002 | −0.073 | 0.163 | −0.063 | 0.218 | −0.072 | 0.178 | −0.036 | 0.282 | −0.008 | 0.867 |
BMI | −0.213 | < 0.0001 | 0.041 | 0.462 | 0.008 | 0.879 | 0.027 | 0.637 | 0.036 | 0.508 | 0.074 | 0.158 |
Scigarette smoking | −0.087 | 0.119 | ||||||||||
Hypertension | −0.084 | 0.121 | ||||||||||
Dyslipidemia | −0.153 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.965 | −0.039 | 0.475 | −0.009 | 0.88 | 0.020 | 0.725 | 0.070 | 0.190 |
Diabetes mellitus | −0.116 | 0.032 | −0.03 | 0.575 | 0.006 | 0.916 | −0.047 | 0.405 | −0.040 | 0.451 | −0.005 | 0.267 |
HbA1c | −0.078 | 0.153 | ||||||||||
HDL−C | 0.354 | < 0.0001 | 0.187 | 0.002 | 0.112 | 0.067 | 0.259 | < 0.0001 | 0.349 | < 0.0001 | 0.480 | < 0.0001 |
Glitazone use | −0.046 | 0.392 | ||||||||||
TRLs-related markers | ||||||||||||
TG* | −0.490
| < 0.0001
| −0.420
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | ||||
VLDL | −0.518
| < 0.0001
| – | −0.446
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | ||||
RLP-C* | −0.408
| < 0.0001
| – | – | −0.355
| < 0.0001
| – | – | ||||
apo C-II | −0.403
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | −0.417
| < 0.0001
| – | ||||
apo C-III | −0.410
| < 0.0001
| – | – | – | – | −0.528
| < 0.0001
| ||||
Inflammatory markers | ||||||||||||
WBC count | −0.140 | 0.010 | −0.012 | 0.822 | 0.002 | 0.968 | −0.018 | 0.736 | −0.037 | 0.471 | −0.030 | 0.528 |
hs-CRP* | −0.160 | 0.003 | −0.035 | 0.511 | 0.006 | 0.916 | −0.047 | 0.405 | −0.037 | 0.471 | −0.018 | 0.714 |
TRLs-related markers | CAD (+) DM (+) n = 60 | CAD (+) DM (−) n = 90 | CAD (−) DM (+) n = 118 | CAD (−) DM (−) n = 416 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | |
TG | −0.351 | 0.007 | −0.275 | 0.009 | −0.62 | < 0.0001 | −0.49 | < 0.0001 |
VLDL | −0.332 | 0.01 | −0.314 | 0.003 | −0.585 | < 0.0001 | −0.512 | < 0.0001 |
RLP-C | −0.287 | 0.026 | −0.175 | 0.107 | −0.508 | < 0.0001 | −0.364 | < 0.0001 |
apo C-II | −0.283 | 0.029 | −0.281 | 0.008 | −0.354 | 0.0001 | −0.366 | < 0.0001 |
apo C-III | −0.318 | 0.013 | −0.356 | 0.001 | −0.496 | < 0.0001 | −0.395 | < 0.0001 |
Multi-logistic regression analysis to identify the variables that were independently correlated with changes of the LDL-C/apoB ratio
Variables | 95% CI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Upper | Lower | p value | |
All cases, n = 445 | ||||
⊿TG | 1.006 | 1.003 | 1.009 | < 0.0001 |
⊿FBG | 0.999 | 0.993 | 1.005 | 0.749 |
⊿HbA1c | 2.112 | 0.843 | 5.259 | 0.108 |
Age | 0.988 | 0.971 | 1.006 | 0.186 |
Gender | 0.836 | 0.547 | 1.277 | 0.407 |
BMI | 0.982 | 0.929 | 1.037 | 0.503 |
Cigarette smoking | 0.968 | 0.535 | 1.751 | 0.914 |
Hypertension | 1.67 | 1.008 | 2.766 | 0.047 |
Lipid-modufying treatment | 0.972 | 0.651 | 1.451 | 0.889 |
LDL-C < 100 mg/dL, n = 188 | ||||
⊿TG | 1.007 | 1.002 | 1.011 | 0.004 |
⊿FBG | 1.003 | 0.993 | 1.013 | 0.533 |
⊿ HbA1c | 0.932 | 0.276 | 3.144 | 0.91 |
Age | 0.991 | 0.962 | 1.021 | 0.563 |
Gender | 0.963 | 0.469 | 1.978 | 0.918 |
BMI | 0.877 | 0.897 | 1.066 | 0.604 |
Cigarette smoking | 1.446 | 0.569 | 3.671 | 0.438 |
Hypertension | 1.654 | 0.7 | 3.907 | 0.251 |
Lipid-modufying treatment | 1.335 | 0.67 | 2.659 | 0.412 |
Lipid-modifying treatment, n = 270 | ||||
⊿TG | 1.005 | 1.002 | 1.009 | 0.003 |
⊿FBG | 0.998 | 0.991 | 1.005 | 0.56 |
⊿HbA1c | 3.06 | 0.988 | 9.483 | 0.053 |
Age | 0.979 | 0.954 | 1.006 | 0.121 |
Gender | 0.825 | 0.479 | 1.423 | 0.489 |
BMI | 0.979 | 0.911 | 1.052 | 0.564 |
Cigarette smoking | 0.735 | 0.334 | 1.618 | 0.444 |
Hypertension | 1.45 | 0.751 | 2.799 | 0.269 |
No lipid-modifying treatment, n = 175 | ||||
⊿TG | 1.008 | 1.003 | 1.013 | 0.003 |
⊿FBG | 1.002 | 0.991 | 1.013 | 0.73 |
⊿HbA1c | 0.933 | 0.177 | 4.924 | 0.934 |
Age | 0.998 | 0.975 | 1.022 | 0.876 |
Gender | 0.817 | 0.403 | 1.022 | 0.876 |
BMI | 0.989 | 0.903 | 1.082 | 0.805 |
Cigarette smoking | 1.444 | 0.571 | 3.654 | 0.438 |
Hypertension | 2.351 | 1.033 | 5.343 | 0.042 |