Background
Methods
Study population
Health utility weights
Risk factors
Statistical analyses
Healthy | Pre-Diabetes | Diabetes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | NGT | IFG | IGT | IFG & IGT | T2D | Total | ||||||
n |
%
| n |
%
| n |
%
| n |
%
| n |
%
| n |
%
| |
Total number | 43 586 |
100.0
| 5 629 |
100.0
| 2 440 |
100.0
| 1 232 |
100.0
| 2 995 |
100.0
| 55 882 |
100.0
|
Age in years
| ||||||||||||
40 | 15 652 |
35.9
| 1 339 |
23.8
| 418 |
17.1
| 168 |
13.6
| 350 |
11.7
| 17 927 |
32.1
|
50 | 14 707 |
33.7
| 1 846 |
32.8
| 706 |
28.9
| 358 |
29.1
| 798 |
26.6
| 18 415 |
33.0
|
60 | 13 227 |
30.4
| 2 444 |
43.4
| 1 316 |
53.9
| 706 |
57.3
| 1 847 |
61.7
| 19 540 |
35.0
|
Sex
| ||||||||||||
Male | 21 076 |
48.4
| 2 973 |
52.8
| 1 050 |
43.0
| 638 |
51.8
| 1 844 |
61.6
| 27 581 |
49.4
|
Female | 22 510 |
51.7
| 2 656 |
47.2
| 1 390 |
57.0
| 594 |
48.2
| 1 151 |
38.4
| 28 301 |
50.6
|
Education
| ||||||||||||
Basic2 | 5 655 |
13.0
| 1 052 |
18.7
| 508 |
20.8
| 279 |
22.7
| 753 |
25.1
| 8 247 |
14.8
|
Middle3 | 22 606 |
51.9
| 2 938 |
52.2
| 1 275 |
52.3
| 654 |
53.1
| 1 568 |
52.4
| 29 041 |
52.0
|
High4 | 15 053 |
34.5
| 1 596 |
28.4
| 634 |
26.0
| 286 |
23.2
| 639 |
21.3
| 18 208 |
32.6
|
Missing
|
272
|
0.6
|
43
|
0.8
|
23
|
0.9
|
13
|
1.1
|
35
|
1.2
|
386
|
0.7
|
Body mass index, BMI
5
| ||||||||||||
Underweight, <18.5 | 524 |
1.2
| 45 |
0.8
| 31 |
1.3
| 1 |
0.1
| 14 |
0.5
| 615 |
1.1
|
Normal, 18.5 - 24.9 | 18 917 |
43.4
| 1 735 |
30.8
| 688 |
28.2
| 221 |
17.9
| 462 |
15.4
| 22 023 |
39.4
|
Overweight, 25.0 – 29.9 | 17 669 |
40.5
| 2 420 |
43.0
| 1 070 |
43.9
| 521 |
42.3
| 1 173 |
39.2
| 22 853 |
40.9
|
Obesity, ≥30.0 | 6 293 |
14.4
| 1 403 |
24.9
| 637 |
26.1
| 486 |
39.5
| 1 320 |
44.1
| 10 139 |
18.1
|
Missing
|
183
|
0.5
|
26
|
0.5
|
14
|
0.6
|
3
|
0.2
|
26
|
0.9
|
252
|
0.5
|
Results
Study population
Health utility weights
SF-6D domains | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD)1 | NGT | IFG | IGT | IFG&IGT | T2D | Total |
n | 41 208 | 5 275 | 2 261 | 1 122 | 2 740 | 5 2606 |
Physical functioning | 1.840 (1.12) | 2.013 (1.23) | 2.245 (1.32) | 2.276 (1.34) | 2.393 (1.40) | 1.914 (1.18) |
Role limitations | 1.535 (1.26) | 1.621 (1.41) | 1.747 (1.54) | 1.825 (1.69) | 1.830 (1.58) | 1.574 (1.32) |
Social function | 2.446 (1.03) | 2.491 (1.07) | 2.602 (1.23) | 2.568 (1.16) | 2.606 (1.24) | 2.468 (1.06) |
Bodily pain | 2.416 (1.44) | 2.503 (1.46) | 2.668 (1.50) | 2.726 (1.52) | 2.758 (1.59) | 2.460 (1.46) |
Mental health | 1.753 (1.08) | 1.767 (1.09) | 1.807 (1.14) | 1.836 (1.22) | 1.870 (1.27) | 1.770 (1.10) |
Vitality | 2.666 (1.19) | 2.713 (1.25) | 2.789 (1.28) | 2.800 (1.34) | 2.860 (1.40) | 2.689 (1.22) |
Health utility weight
2
| ||||||
Mean (SD)1 | 0.768 (0.10) | 0.759 (0.11) | 0.746 (0.11) | 0.745 (0.11) | 0.738 (0.12) | 0.764 (0.10) |
Median | 0.793 | 0.788 | 0.772 | 0.772 | 0.765 | 0.789 |
1st-3rd quartile | 0.713-0.830 | 0.681-0.830 | 0.669-0.830 | 0.667-0.830 | 0.639-0.830 | 0.700-0.830 |
Min-Max3 | 0.301-0.943 | 0.334-0.943 | 0.301-0.943 | 0.383-0.943 | 0.381-0.943 | 0.301-0.943 |
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
Coefficient (95% CI)2 | NGT | IFG | IGT | IFG&IGT | T2D | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age
| –0.0002 | –0.0011 | –0.0013 |
0.0050
| 0.0002 |
-0.0008
|
(metric) | (-0.0008 - 0.0005) | (-0.0031 - 0.0008) | (-0.0044 - 0.0018) |
(0.0003 – 0.0095)
| (-0.0030 - 0.0035) |
(–0.0014 – -0.0003)
|
Sex
|
–0.1940
|
–0.1855
|
–0.1259
|
–0.1905
|
–0.1968
|
–0.1889
|
(reference: male) |
(-0.2048 - -0.1833)
|
(–0.2160 - -0.1549)
|
(-0.1733 - -0.0784)
|
(–0.2558 – -0.1253)
|
(–0.2418 - -0.1519)
|
(–0.1984 - -0.1793)
|
Education
| ||||||
(reference: basic)3 | ||||||
Middle4 |
0.0531
|
0.0571
| 0.0175 |
0.1304
| 0.0489 |
0.0552
|
(0.0364 – 0.0697)
|
(0.0158 – 0.0984)
| (–0.0440 – 0.0791) |
(0.0470 – 0.2137)
| (–0.0050 – 0.1029) |
(0.0411 – 0.0694)
| |
High5 |
0.0800
|
0.0645
| 0.0595 | 0.0942 |
0.0675
|
0.0813
|
(0.0624 – 0.0975)
|
(0.0186 – 0.1104)
| (–0.0098 – 0.1288) | (–0.0018 – 0.1901) |
(0.0027 – 0.1322)
|
(0.0661 – 0.0964)
| |
Body Mass Index, BMI
6
| ||||||
(reference: normal, 18.5 - 24.9) | ||||||
Underweight, <18.5 | 0.0033 | 0.0311 | 0.2074 | 0.0803 | 0.2749 | 0.0202 |
(–0.0448 – 0.0515) | (–0.1404 – 0.2026) | (–0.0095 – 0.4244) | (–1.0080 – 1.1686) | (–0.0711 – 0.6210) | (–0.0250 – 0.0654) | |
Overweight, 25.0 – 29.9 |
0.0549
|
0.0570
|
0.0593
| 0.0756 | 0.0359 | 0.0590 |
(0.0432 – 0.0665)
|
(0.0212 – 0.0927)
|
(0.0027 – 0.1159)
| (–0.0170 – 0.1682) | (–0.0306 – 0.1023) | (–0.0483 – 0.0696) | |
Obesity, ≥30.0 |
-0.1783
|
-0.1892
|
-0.1288
| –0.1858 |
-0.1721
|
-0.1929
|
(–0.1939 – -0.1626)
|
(–0.2291 – -0.1492)
|
(–0.1920 – -0.0656)
| (–0.2781 – 0.0935) |
(–0.2368 – -0.1075)
|
(–0.2061 – -0.1798)
| |
Constant
|
1.5568
|
1.5158
|
0.9803
| 0.9812 |
0.9028
|
1.5438
|
(1.4493 – 1.6642)
|
(1.1467 – 1.8849)
|
(0.5003 – 1.4604)
| (–1.2147 – 3.1771) |
(0.1722 – 1.6333)
|
(1.4441 - 1.6435)
| |
n
| 40 857 | 5 225 | 2 236 | 1 113 | 2 698 | 52 129 |
McFadden’s pseudo-R
2
| 0.0219 | 0.0253 | 0.0120 | 0.0349 | 0.0297 | 0.0238 |