Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Statistical methods
Results and discussion
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristics | Number of patients (%) | Number of deaths (%) | Number of OI (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 140 (41.2) | 19 (45.2) | 38 (45.8) |
Female | 200 (58.8) | 23 (54.8) | 45 (54.2) |
BMI | |||
<18.5 | 170 (50) | 25 (59.5) | 55 (66.3) |
≥18.5 | 170 (50) | 17 (40.5) | 28 (33.7) |
Religion | |||
Orthodox | 203 (59.7) | 29 (69) | 44 (53) |
Muslim | 100 (29.4) | 13 (31) | 26 (31.3) |
Protestant | 31 (9.1) | 0 | 11 (13.3) |
Catholic | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (1.2) |
Others | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 0 |
Age (years) | |||
<30 | 174 (51.2) | 21 (50.0) | 46 (55.4) |
30–39 | 94 (27.6) | 11 (26.2) | 21 (25.3) |
40–49 | 57 (16.8) | 6 (14.3) | 12 (14.5) |
>50 | 15 (4.4) | 4 (9.5) | 4 (4.8) |
Marital status | |||
Single | 43 (12.6) | 7 (16.7) | 10 (12.0) |
Married | 116 (34.1) | 16 (38.1) | 36 (43.4) |
Widowed | 22 (6.5) | 1 (2.4) | 5 (6.0) |
Divorced | 44 (12.9) | 8 (19.0) | 9 (10.8) |
Occupation | |||
Gov’t employee | 98 (28.8) | 14 (33.3) | 19 (22.9) |
Merchant | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
Unemployed | 189 (55.6) | 25 (59.5) | 51 (61.4) |
Private org | 37 (10.9) | 2 (4.8) | 10 (12.0) |
NGO’s | 5 (1.5) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) |
Educational status | |||
Not educated | 69 (20.3) | 4 (9.5) | 24 (28.9) |
Primary | 122 (35.9) | 17 (40.5) | 25 (30.1) |
Secondary | 106 (31.2) | 14 (33.3) | 21 (25.3) |
Tertiary | 42 (12.4) | 7 (1.7) | 12 (14.4) |
Characteristics | Number of patients (%) | Number of deaths (%) | Number of OI (%) |
---|---|---|---|
WHO clinical stage | |||
Stage I | 65 (19.1) | 6 (14.3) | 15 (18.1) |
Stage II | 95 (27.9) | 9 (21.4) | 15 (18.1) |
Stage III | 144 (42.4) | 17 (40.5) | 44 (53.0) |
Stage IV | 36 (10.6) | 10 (23.8) | 9 (10.8) |
HAART regimen | |||
Stavudine based | 219 (64.4) | 19 (45.2) | 60 (72.3) |
Zidovudine based | 72 (21.2) | 12 (28.6) | 18 (21.7) |
Tenofovir based | 49 (14.4) | 11 (26.2) | 5 (6.0) |
Base line CD4 | |||
>350 | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) |
200–350 | 94 (27.6) | 7 (16.7) | 19 (22.9) |
100–199 | 139 (40.9) | 15 (35.7) | 37 (44.6) |
<100 | 102 (30.0) | 20 (47.6) | 25 (30.1) |
Risky behaviour | |||
Yes | 120 (35.3) | 14 (33.3) | 58 (69.9) |
No | 220 (64.7) | 28 (67.7) | 25 (30.1) |
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis | |||
Yes | 330 (97.1) | 42 (100.0) | 81 (97.6) |
No | 10 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) |
Fluconazole prophylaxis | |||
Yes | 20 (5.9) | 8 (19.1) | 5 (6.0) |
No | 320 (94.1) | 34 (80.9) | 78 (94.0) |
INH prophylaxis | |||
Yes | 62 (18.2) | 7 (16.7) | 20 (24.1) |
No | 278 (81.8) | 35 (83.3) | 63 (75.9) |
Immunologic recovery
Immunologic recovery at 6 months
Variables | Number | B [95 % CI] | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 340 | −3.4 [−5.5, −1.2] | 0.003 |
Marital status | |||
Single | 43 | 13.7 [−61.7, 89.2] | 0.720 |
Married | 116 | 57.2 [−4.2, 118.7] | 0.068 |
Divorced | 44 | 3.5 [−66.1, 73.1] | 0.922 |
Widowed | 22 | Reference | |
BMI | |||
<18.5 | 170 | −12.4 [−48.8, 23.9] | 0.5 |
≥18.5 | 170 | Reference | |
Baseline co morbidity | |||
Yes | 20 | 25.6 [−40.3, 91.4] | 0.445 |
No | 320 | Reference | |
CD4 count | |||
<100 | 5 | 126.9 [−13.8, 267.6] | 0.077 |
100–199 | 94 | 150.1 [10.2, 290.0] | 0.036 |
200–350 | 139 | 107.2 [−34.3, 248.7] | 0.137 |
>350 | 102 | References |
Immunologic recovery at 12 months
Variables | Numbers | B [95 % CI] | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 340 | −1.91 [−3.238, −0.582] | 0.005 |
Sex | |||
Female | 200 | Reference | |
Male | 140 | −38.67 [−81.973, 4.633] | 0.080 |
BMI | |||
<18.5 | 170 | −21.54 [−64.197, 21.109] | 0.321 |
≥18.5 | 170 | Reference | |
HAART regimen | |||
Stavudine based | 219 | 25.57 [−34.277, 85.420] | 0.401 |
Zidovudine based | 72 | −17.53 [−87.25, 52.190] | 0.621 |
Tenofovir based | 49 | Reference | |
Baseline CD4 | |||
<100 | 5 | 188.75 [−9.859, 387.359] | 0.062 |
100–199 | 94 | 201.29 [2.916, 399.661] | 0.047 |
200–350 | 139 | 133.33 [−64.785, 81.773] | 0.186 |
>350 | 102 | Reference | |
WHO stage | |||
Stage 1 | 65 | Reference | |
Stage 2 | 95 | −15.96 [−78.139, 46.212] | 0.614 |
Stage 3 | 144 | 24.17 [−33.426, 81.773] | 0.179 |
Stage 4 | 36 | −63.89 [−157.331, 29.548] | 0.409 |
Educational status | |||
Not educated | 69 | Reference | |
Primary | 122 | 52.75 [−4.906, 110.408] | 0.073 |
Secondary | 106 | 40.11 [−18.174, 98.400] | 0.177 |
Tertiary | 42 | 40.113 [−76.277, 83.098] | 0.933 |
Immunologic recovery at 24 months
Variables | Numbers of patients | B [95 % CI] | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 340 | −2.11 [−3.556, −0.665] | 0.005 |
Sex | |||
Female | 200 | Reference | |
Male | 140 | −104.31 [−170.702, −37.923] | 0.002 |
Marital status | |||
Single | 43 | 45.10 [−66.086, 156.294] | 0.424 |
Married | 116 | 138.56 [42.449, 234.655] | 0.005 |
Divorced | 44 | 52.47 [−55.935, 160.873] | 0.340 |
Widowed | 22 | Reference | |
Baseline HAART | |||
Stavudine based | 219 | 87.49 [5.960, 169.015] | 0.036 |
Zidovudine based | 72 | 16.31 [−75.057, 107.678] | 0.724 |
Tenofovir based | 49 | Reference | |
BMI | |||
<18.5 | 170 | −22.42 [−81.040, 36.202] | 0.451 |
≥18.5 | 170 | Reference | |
Educational level | |||
Not educated | 69 | −86.18 [−195.893, 23.534] | 0.123 |
Elementary | 122 | 12.63 [−89.442, 114.698] | 0.807 |
Secondary | 106 | −38.30 [−139.605, 63.006] | 0.456 |
Tertiary | 42 | Reference | |
Base line CD4 | |||
<100 | 5 | 83.84 [−127.555, 295.233] | 0.434 |
100–199 | 94 | 87.16 [−122.670, 296.992] | 0.413 |
200–350 | 139 | 24.14 [−184.264, 232.534] | 0.819 |
>350 | 102 | Reference |
Death
Variable | Number of death | HR [95 % CI] | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Below 30 | 21 | 1 | |
30–39 | 11 | 0.898 [0.357, 2.261] | 0.820 |
40–49 | 6 | 1.047 [0.317, 3.459] | 0.940 |
Above 50 | 4 | 4.783 [1.076, 21.268] | 0.040 |
BMI | |||
<18.5 | 25 | 1.460 [0.648, 3.287] | 0.361 |
≥18.5 | 17 | 1 | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 7 | 1 | |
Married | 16 | 0.470 [0.173, 1.278] | 0.139 |
Widowed | 1 | 0.258 [0.028, 2.374] | 0.232 |
Divorced | 8 | 0.520 [0.154, 1.763] | 0.294 |
CD4 count | |||
<100 | 20 | 1 | |
100–199 | 15 | 0.522 [0.217, 1.254] | 0.146 |
>200 | 7 | 0.287 [0.097, 0.848] | 0.02 |
Baseline WHO stage | |||
Stage I | 6 | 1 | |
Stage II | 9 | 1.540 [0.446, 5.315] | 0.495 |
Stage III | 17 | 1.501 [0.487, 4.631] | 0.480 |
Stage IV | 10 | 2.802 [0.657, 11.942] | 0.164 |
Occupation | |||
Gov’t employee | 14 | 3.608 [0.720, 18.090] | 0.119 |
Unemployed | 25 | 3.481 [0.740, 16.371] | 0.114 |
Others | 1 | 1 | |
Educational level | |||
Not educated | 4 | 1 | |
Primary | 17 | 2.293 [0.686, 7.667] | 0.178 |
Secondary | 14 | 2.376 [0.079, 8.317] | 0.176 |
Tertiary | 7 | 2.401 [0.494, 11.661] | 0.277 |
Fluconazole prophylaxis | |||
No | 34 | 1 | |
Yes | 8 | 5.639 [1.811, 17.563] | 0.003 |
Baseline HAART | |||
Stavudine based | 19 | 1 | |
Zidovudine based | 12 | 4.182 [1.550, 11.286] | 0.005 |
Tenofovir based | 11 | 5.156 [1.924, 13.819] | 0.001 |