Background
Methods/design
Study aim
Study design
Sample size calculation
Setting and recruitment
Participant eligibility
Randomization, allocation, and blinding
Intervention
Baduanjin exercise group
Control group
Outcome assessment
Primary outcome
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Body mass index will be assessed using the formula BMI = body mass (kg)/height (m)2. Body mass and height will be measured using the Height and Weight measuring instrument produced by Zhongtitongfang Co., Ltd., Beijing (product type ZTTF-CSTF-ST).
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Vital capacity, the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation, will be measured using the vital capacity tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co., Ltd., Beijing (product type CSTF-FH-5000).
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Body anteflexion in sitting position is applied to evaluate the body flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles and will be measured by the “sit and reach” test using a “sit and reach” tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co. (product type CSTF-TQ-5000). For the test procedure, the subject sits on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead and the soles placed flat against the box; then the hands with the palms facing downward reach forward along the measuring line as far as possible. The point is recorded to the nearest centimeter as the distance reached by the hand.
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Standing long jump is a common test to assess the explosive power of the student’s legs and will be measured using the longitudinal jump tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co. (product type CSTF-ZL-5000). The student stands behind a line marked on the ground with feet slightly apart, then attempts to jump as far as possible. The scoring is the distance jumped from take-off line to the nearest point of contact on the landing.
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Pull-ups are a common way to measure the upper body strength and will be measured using the chin-up tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co. (product type CSTF-YT-5000). The subject grasps the overhead pull-up bar, then pulls the body up until the chin extends the bar. The point is the number of pull-ups per minute.
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Sit-ups measure the strength of the abdominal muscles and will be measured using the sit-ups tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co. (product type CSTF-YW-5000). The subject lays down with the knees bent and the feet placed flat on the ground and the arms crossed over the chest; she then slowly sits up until the body is vertical, then slowly lays back down. The point is the number of sit-ups per minute.
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Cardiopulmonary fitness will be assessed using the step test, which is measured with the step tester produced by Zhongtitongfang Co. (product type CSTF-TZ-5000). The subject completes 30 up and down steps per minute for 3 min in accord with the rhythm, then measures the pulse at 1–1.5 min, 2–2.5 min, and 3–3.5 min after stopping the test. The index of step test = (duration of step moving (in seconds) × 100)/(2 × (sum total of three measured pulses)).
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The 50-, 800-, and 1000-m running test evaluates the capability of rapid running and reaction as well as aerobic fitness. It will be measured by the physical education teachers using a stopwatch at the campus recreation ground.
BMI | 100 (points) | 80 (points) | 60 (points) | Weight |
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Male | 17.9–23.9 (kg/m2) | ≤ 17.8 or 24.0–27.9 (kg/m2) | ≥ 28.0 (kg/m2) | 15% |
Female | 17.2–23.9 (kg/m2) | ≤ 17.1 or 24.0–27.9 (kg/m2) | ≥ 28.0 (kg/m2) | 15% |
Points | Male | Female | ||||||||||
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VC (ml) W:15% | 50 m (s) W:20% | BAISP (cm) W:10% | SLJ (cm) W:10% | Pull-ups (times/min) W:10% | 1000 m (min:s) W:20% | VC (ml) W:15% | 50 m (s) W:20% | BAISP (cm) W:10% | SLJ (cm) W:10% | Sit-ups (times/min) W:10% | 800 m (min:s) W:20% | |
100 | 5040 | 6.7 | 24.9 | 273 | 19 | 3′17” | 3400 | 7.5 | 25.8 | 207 | 56 | 3′18” |
95 | 4920 | 6.8 | 23.1 | 268 | 18 | 3′22” | 3350 | 7.6 | 24.0 | 201 | 54 | 3′24” |
90 | 4800 | 6.9 | 21.3 | 263 | 17 | 3′27” | 3300 | 7.7 | 22.2 | 195 | 52 | 3′30” |
85 | 4550 | 7.0 | 19.5 | 256 | 16 | 3′34” | 3150 | 8.0 | 20.6 | 188 | 49 | 3′37” |
80 | 4300 | 7.1 | 17.7 | 248 | 15 | 3′42” | 3000 | 8.3 | 19.0 | 181 | 46 | 3′44” |
78 | 4180 | 7.3 | 16.3 | 244 | 3′47” | 2900 | 8.5 | 17.7 | 178 | 44 | 3′49” | |
76 | 4060 | 7.5 | 14.9 | 240 | 14 | 3′52” | 2800 | 8.7 | 16.4 | 175 | 42 | 3′54” |
74 | 3940 | 7.7 | 13.5 | 236 | 3′57” | 2700 | 8.9 | 15.1 | 172 | 40 | 3′59” | |
72 | 3820 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 232 | 13 | 4′02” | 2600 | 9.1 | 13.8 | 169 | 38 | 4′04” |
70 | 3700 | 8.1 | 10.7 | 228 | 4′07” | 2500 | 9.3 | 12.5 | 166 | 36 | 4′09” | |
68 | 3580 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 224 | 12 | 4′12” | 2400 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 163 | 34 | 4′14” |
66 | 3460 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 220 | 4′17” | 2300 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 160 | 32 | 4′19” | |
64 | 3340 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 216 | 11 | 4′22” | 2200 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 157 | 30 | 4′24” |
62 | 3220 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 212 | 4′27” | 2100 | 10.1 | 7.3 | 154 | 28 | 4′29” | |
60 | 3100 | 9.1 | 3.7 | 208 | 10 | 4′32” | 2000 | 10.3 | 6.0 | 151 | 26 | 4′34” |
50 | 2940 | 9.3 | 2.7 | 203 | 9 | 4′52” | 1960 | 10.5 | 5.2 | 146 | 24 | 4′44” |
40 | 2780 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 198 | 8 | 5′12” | 1920 | 10.7 | 4.4 | 141 | 22 | 4′54” |
30 | 2620 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 193 | 7 | 5′32” | 1880 | 10.9 | 3.6 | 136 | 20 | 5′04” |
20 | 2460 | 9.9 | −0.3 | 188 | 6 | 5′52” | 1840 | 11.1 | 2.8 | 131 | 18 | 5′14” |
10 | 2300 | 10.1 | −1.3 | 183 | 5 | 6′12” | 1800 | 11.3 | 2.0 | 126 | 16 | 5′24” |