Background
Methods
Participants
Age | 79.1 (5.6) |
Gender (male/female) | 47/91 |
EL: number of patients depending on the category | EL3: 11; EL4: 34; EL5: 16; EL6: 19; EL7: 58 |
MCI subtypes: number of patients depending on the subtype | aMCI: 97 (sd: 20, md: 77) |
naMCI: 41 (sd: 35, md: 6) | |
MMSE | 27.1 (1.7) |
CDR: number of patients depending on the score | Score 0: 28 |
Score 0.5: 110 | |
IADL | 13.1 (1.3) |
Anterograde memory tests
Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test
Group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Test | ABC | A1/2
| B1/2
| C1/2
|
FCSRT |
n = 138 |
n = 50 |
n = 18 |
n = 70 |
Age | 79.1 (5.6) | 77.4 (5.5)##
| 83.5 (6.4)#
| 79.4 (4.7) |
EL | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.5) |
FR | 17.1 (8.8) | 9.7 (5.7)* | 10.5 (2.7)* | 24.1 (5.2) |
TR | 37.8 (9.7) | 28.8 (8.6)** | 40.0 (4.1)* | 44.8 (2.8) |
DTR | 13.0 (3.5) | 9.4 (3.3)** | 13.8 (2.0)* | 15.3 (1.0) |
DMS-48 |
n = 138 |
n = 36 |
n = 25 |
n = 77 |
Age | 79.1 (5.6) | 78.5 (6.3) | 79.8 (5.3) | 79.4 (5.2) |
EL | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.5) |
Set1 | 43.2 (5.1) | 40.9 (4.8)* | 35.7 (5.3)* | 46.3 (1.6) |
Set2 | 42.6 (5.4) | 36.7 (5.0)* | 39.3 (4.7)* | 46.2 (1.5) |
Delayed Matching-to-Sample—48 items
Neuroimaging study
Statistical analysis
Behavioural analyses
VBM analyses
Results
Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test
Group (score) |
P
| Brain region | Side | BA |
k
|
x
|
y
|
z
|
T
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABC (TR), n = 138 |
P
FWE = 0.05 | Parahippocampal g. | L | 35 | 212 | –26 | –15 | –27 | 5.59 |
Hippocampus | NA | 33 | –21 | –27 | –12 | 5.13 | |||
Parahippocampal g. | R | 35 | 154 | 26 | –10 | –32 | 5.48 | ||
P = 0.001 | Hippocampus | L | NA | 1227/4337 | –28 | –10 | –24 | 5.02 | |
Parahippocampal g. | 28, 34–36 | 818/4337 | –26 | –15 | –27 | 5.59 | |||
Temporal pole | 38 | 281/4337 | –31 | 6 | –21 | 4.25 | |||
Temporal lobe | 38 | 905/4337 | –31 | 6 | –21 | 4.25 | |||
Amygdala | NA | 372/4337 | –28 | –3 | –21 | 4.23 | |||
Parahippocampal g. | R | 20, 28, 36 | 812/1700 | 27 | –15 | –33 | 4.56 | ||
Hippocampus | NA | 172/1700 | –25 | –9 | –24 | 3.91 | |||
Temporal pole | NA | 20/53 | 37 | 13 | –18 | 3.39 | |||
Hippocampus | NA | 99/1200 | –25 | –9 | –24 | 3.91 | |||
ABC (FR), n = 138 |
P = 0.001 | Hippocampus | L | NA | 470/1188 | –24 | –34 | –3 | 3.82 |
Parahippocampal g. | 28, 35 | 295/1188 | –19 | –28 | –13 | 3.97 | |||
Amygdala | NA | 25/1188 | –21 | –9 | –12 | 3.26 | |||
Hippocampus | R | NA | 264/572 | 25 | –35 | 1 | 3.65 | ||
Parahipocampal g. | 27 | 104/572 | 21 | –34 | –3 | 3.76 | |||
ABC (DTR), n = 138 |
P
FWE = 0.05 | Parahippocampal g. | L | 35 | 25 | –26 | –15 | –27 | 5.06 |
P = 0.001 | Parahippocampal g. | L | 28, 34–36 | 1646/2401 | –26 | –15 | –27 | 5.06 | |
Hippocampus | NA | 711/2401 | –27 | –10 | –24 | 4.38 | |||
Temporal lobe | 20 | 151/2401 | –37 | –12 | –25 | 3.29 | |||
Amygdala | NA | 313/2401 | –25 | 0 | –18 | 3.65 | |||
Parahippocampal g. | R | 28, 35, 36 | 496/850 | 25 | –12 | –36 | 4.04 | ||
Hippocampus | NA | 36/850 | 27 | –10 | –25 | 3.61 | |||
Temporal lobe | 20 | 68/850 | 37 | 13 | –18 | 3.39 |
Group (score) |
P
| Brain region | Side | BA |
k
|
x
|
y
|
z
|
T
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 (TR), n = 50 | 0.001 | Parahippocampal g. | L | 35/36 | 50/283 | –28 | –15 | –28 | 3.62 |
Hippocampus | NA | 16/283 | –34 | –16 | –21 | 3.47 | |||
Fusiform g. | 20 | 135/283 | –37 | –18 | –24 | 3.68 | |||
A1 (FR), n = 50 | 0.001 | Mid. Frontal g. | L | NA | 16 | –31 | –1 | 49 | 3.41 |
B1 (TR), n = 18 | 0.001 | Insula | R | 13 | 88/170 | 42 | 3 | 0 | 4.38 |
B1 (FR), n = 18 | 0.001 | Precentral g. | R | 4 | 62/63 | 28 | –30 | 60 | 5.60 |
Delayed Matching-to-Sample—48 items
Group (score) |
P
| Brain region | Side | BA |
k
|
x
|
y
|
z
|
T
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABC (Set1), n = 138 |
P = 0.001 | Hippocampus | R | NA | 606/1377 | 27 | –34 | –1 | 4.31 |
Parahippocampal g. | 28, 35–37 | 557/1377 | 28 | –39 | –6 | 4.36 | |||
Hippocampus | L | NA | 67/264 | –28 | –40 | 0 | 3.47 | ||
Parahippocampal g. | 19, 31 | 38/264 | –27 | –45 | –10 | 3.41 | |||
Precuneus | 31 | 70/70 | –2 | –71 | 21 | 3.43 | |||
ABC (Set2), n = 138 |
P
FWE = 0.05 | Hippocampus | R | NA | 370 | 28 | –37 | –3 | 5.42 |
Parahippocampal g. | 36–37 | 370 | 27 | –37 | –9 | 5.33 | |||
P = 0.001 | Hippocampus | R | NA | 1303/3820 | 30 | –25 | –12 | 4.65 | |
Parahippocampal g. | 19, 28, 35–37 | 834/3820 | 22 | –19 | –22 | 4.02 | |||
Hippocampus | L | NA | 94/279 | –25 | –39 | –3 | 3.67 |
Group (score) |
P
| Brain region | Side | BA |
k
|
x
|
y
|
z
|
T
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A2 (Set1), n = 36 |
P = 0.001 | Parahippocampal g. | R | 28, 35–37 | 493/907 | 24 | –27 | –20 | 5.00 |
Hippocampus | NA | 190/907 | 28 | –38 | –1 | 4.26 | |||
Parahippocampal g. | L | 28, 35 | 194/211 | –24 | –27 | –20 | 4.35 | ||
A2 (Set2), n = 36 |
P
FWE = 0.05 | Hippocampus | R | NA | 25 | 27 | –34 | –12 | 6.59 |
P = 0.001 | Hippocampus | R | NA | 1091/2669 | 30 | –33 | –7 | 5.05 | |
Parahippocampal g. | 28, 35, 36 | 776/2669 | 24 | –36 | –15 | 3.78 | |||
Parahippocampal g. | L | 28, 35 | 260/381 | –18 | –17 | –22 | 5.04 | ||
Hippocampus | NA | 79 | –21 | –15 | –20 | 3.49 | |||
B2 (Set1), n = 25 |
P = 0.001 | Inf. parietal lobule | R | 40 | 153 | 37 | –43 | 45 | 4.28 |
Sup. Temporal g. | 22 | 80 | 66 | –35 | 1 | 4.61 | |||
Inf. Temporal g. | L | 20 | 101 | –51 | –15 | –34 | 4.08 | ||
Sup. Temporal g. | 22 | 54 | –60 | –48 | –10 | 4.73 | |||
B2 (Set2), n = 25 |
P = 0.001 | Sup. Temporal g. | R | 22 | 179 | 66 | –33 | 1 | 5.98 |
Inf. parietal lobule | 40 | 161 | 37 | –43 | 45 | 5.46 |