Background
Methods
Study population and design
Outcomes
Predictors
Confounders
Statistical methods
Results
Characteristics of the participants
Predictors | n | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Birthweight (kg) | 606 | 3.37 | 0.71 |
BMI 3 months | 541 | 16.4 | 1.52 |
BMI 6 months | 559 | 17.2 | 1.53 |
BMI 1 year | 559 | 17.2 | 1.49 |
BMI 4 years | 477 | 15.9 | 1.43 |
BMI first follow-upb
| 610 | 18.0 | 2.91 |
BMI second follow-upc
| 466 | 18.8 | 3.00 |
Waist circumference (cm) first follow-up | 610 | 63.5 | 7.80 |
Waist circumference (cm) second follow-up | 466 | 68.0 | 7.72 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) first follow-up | 605 | 11.7 | 4.63 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) second follow-up | 465 | 12.1 | 4.81 |
Waist-to-height ratio first follow-up | 610 | 0.42 | 0.04 |
Waist-to-height ratio second follow-up | 466 | 0.43 | 0.05 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) second follow-up | 450 | 8.21 | 3.24 |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Physical activity 3-6 years | 601 | |
Low | 72 | 12 |
Normal | 370 | 62 |
High | 159 | 26 |
Physical activity 6–10 years | 596 | |
Low | 99 | 17 |
Normal | 376 | 63 |
High | 121 | 20 |
Outcome
| ||
Atopic sensitization at second follow-upd
| 133/388 | 34 |
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis ever by first follow-up | 131/595 | 22 |
Atopic dermatitis ever by first follow-up | 149/596 | 25 |
Asthma ever by first follow-up | 53/590 | 9 |
Current asthma at second follow-up | 37/458 | 8 |
Impact of anthropometrics (Tables 2, 3, 4)
Predictor | Outcome variable (final analyses) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atopic sensitizationa,b
| Allergic rhinoconjunctivitisa
| Atopic dermatitisc
| ||||||||||
Age | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p |
Weight SDS
| ||||||||||||
Birth | 380 | 1.05 | (0.87, 1.26) | 0.609 | 580 | 0.92 | (0.77, 1.10) | 0.338 | 544 | 1.04 | (0.88, 1.22) | 0.638 |
BMI SDS
| ||||||||||||
3 months | 353 | 1.13 | (0.90, 1.41) | 0.315 | 521 | 0.91 | (0.73, 1.14) | 0.427 | 487 | 1.04 | (0.84, 1.30) | 0.694 |
6 months | 363 | 1.15 | (0.93, 1.42) | 0.205 | 537 | 0.91 | (0.74, 1.12) | 0.390 | 503 | 1.05 | (0.86, 1.28) | 0.654 |
1 year | 363 |
1.22
|
(1.00, 1.49)
|
0.050
| 537 | 0.97 | (0.80, 1.18) | 0.795 | 503 | 1.06 | (0.87, 1.28) | 0.557 |
4 yearsd
| 320 | 1.01 | (0.80, 1.27) | 0.934 | 456 | 0.86 | (0.69, 1.08) | 0.191 | 427 |
1.32
|
(1.06, 1.65)
|
0.012
|
First follow-upe
| 358 | 0.95 | (0.79, 1.15) | 0.612 | 562 | 0.87 | (0.73, 1.04) | 0.126 | 527 | 1.11 | (0.93, 1.33) | 0.225 |
Second follow-upe
| 354 | 0.96 | (0.79, 1.17) | 0.680 | N.A. | N.A. | ||||||
Physical activity
| ||||||||||||
At 3–6 yearsf
| 320 |
0.039
| 456 | 0.157 | 427 | 0.519 | ||||||
Normal | 192 | 1.00 | Reference | 277 | 1.00 | Reference | 259 | 1.00 | Reference | |||
Low | 40 |
2.36
|
(1.15, 4.81)
| 57 | 1.60 | (0.83, 3.09) | 57 | 1.30 | (0.65, 2.61) | |||
High | 88 | 0.90 | (0.50, 1.61) | 122 | 0.77 | (0.44, 1.35) | 111 | 1.34 | (0.78, 2.30) | |||
At 6–10 yearsg
| 358 | 0.773 | 562 | 0.126 | 527 |
0.033
| ||||||
Normal | 234 | 1.00 | Reference | 353 | 1.00 | Reference | 333 | 1.00 | Reference | |||
Low | 57 | 1.05 | (0.57, 1.96) | 93 | 1.67 | (0.97, 2.87) | 89 | 1.49 | (0.87, 2.56) | |||
High | 67 | 0.82 | (0.45, 1.49) | 116 | 1.15 | (0.68, 1.93) | 105 |
1.94
|
(1.16, 3.24)
|
Predictor | Outcome variable (final analyses) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atopic sensitizationa,b
| Allergic rhinoconjunctivitisa
| Atopic dermatitisc
| ||||||||||
Age | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p |
Weight SDS
| ||||||||||||
Birth to 3 months | 361 | 1.10 | (0.87, 1.38) | 0.408 | 534 | 0.90 | (0.74, 1.09) | 0.292 | 500 | 0.98 | (0.80, 1.17) | 0.835 |
BMI SDS
| ||||||||||||
3–6 months | 351 | 1.15 | (0.83, 1.60) | 0.413 | 519 | 0.96 | (0.71, 1.30) | 0.794 | 485 | 1.15 | (0.85, 1.56) | 0.363 |
6 months to 1 year | 360 | 1.30 | (0.95, 1.76) | 0.100 | 534 | 1.11 | (0.83, 1.48) | 0.470 | 500 | 1.07 | (0.81, 1.42) | 0.638 |
1–4 years | 325 | 0.82 | (0.62, 1.09) | 0.173 | 456 | 0.82 | (0.63, 1.07) | 0.150 | 427 |
1.46
|
(1.11, 1.92)
|
0.005
|
4 years to first follow-upd
| 315 | 0.99 | (0.78, 1.26) | 0.940 | 450 | 1.01 | (0.80, 1.28) | 0.917 | 422 | 0.87 | (0.70, 1.09) | 0.223 |
First to second follow-upe
| 349 | 0.96 | (0.65, 1.43) | 0.843 | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A |
Predictor | Outcome variable (final analyses) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asthma ever by first follow-upa
| Current asthma at second follow-upb
| |||||||
Age | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p | n | OR | 95 % CI | LR-p |
Weight SDS
| ||||||||
Birth | 580 | 0.93 | (0.72, 1.20) | 0.587 | 439 | 0.95 | (0.71, 1.27) | 0.716 |
BMI SDS
| ||||||||
3 months | 520 | 0.88 | (0.64, 1.21) | 0.437 | 411 | 0.96 | (0.67, 1.38) | 0.835 |
6 months | 536 | 1.06 | (0.79, 1.41) | 0.707 | 425 | 0.86 | (0.61, 1.20) | 0.370 |
1 year | 536 | 1.00 | (0.76, 1.32) | 0.998 | 424 | 0.78 | (0.57, 1.08) | 0.127 |
4 yearsc
| 454 | 1.09 | (0.80, 1.47) | 0.596 | 361 | 0.91 | (0.63, 1.32) | 0.627 |
First follow-upd
| 558 | 1.02 | (0.79, 1.33) | 0.849 | 426 | 1.10 | (0.81, 1.49) | 0.561 |
Second follow-upd
| N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | 421 | 1.25 | (0.90, 1.72) | 0.176 |
Physical activity
| ||||||||
At 3–6 yearse
| 454 |
0.014
| 361 | 0.475 | ||||
Normal | 275 | 1.00 | Reference | 220 | 1.00 | Reference | ||
Low | 57 |
3.61
|
(1.56, 8.36)
| 48 | 1.92 | (0.66, 5.59) | ||
High | 122 | 1.34 | (0.61, 2.97) | 93 | 1.40 | (0.55, 3.55) | ||
At 6–10 yearsf
| 558 |
0.038
| 426 | 0.177 | ||||
Normal | 351 | 1.00 | Reference | 274 | 1.00 | Reference | ||
Low | 92 |
2.52
|
(1.24, 5.12)
| 69 | 1.98 | (0.80, 4.85) | ||
High | 115 | 1.02 | (0.46, 2.28) | 83 | 1.97 | (0.83, 4.67) |