Background
Methods
Participants
Blood sampling
Parameter | Reference interval |
---|---|
ROTEM EXTEM-MCF (maximal clot firmness) | 50–72 mm |
ROTEM EXTEM-CT (clotting time) | 38–79 mm |
ROTEM INTEM-MCF | 50–72 mm |
ROTEM INTEM-CT | 100–240 s |
ROTEM FIBTEM-MCF | 9–25 mm |
ROTEM HEPTEM-MCF | 50–72 mm |
ROTEM HEPTEM-CT | 100–240 s |
Multiplate® AUC (area under curve): ADPtest | 57–113 U |
Multiplate® AUC: COLtest | 72–125 U |
Multiplate® AUC: TRAPtest | 84–128 U |
Multiplate® AUC: ASPItest | 71–115 U |
P-FII | 0.70–1.50 kIE/L |
P-FVII | 0.60–1.60 kIE/L |
P-FX | 0.70–1.52 kIE/L |
P-FIX | 0.70–1.30 kIE/L |
P-FXI | 0.60–1.30 kIE/L |
P-FXII | 1.07–1.50 kIE/L |
P-FXIII | 0.70–1.40 kIE/L |
PT-INR | 0.9–1.1 |
aPTT | 26–33 s |
Platelet count (Plc) | Women 165–387 Men 145–348 × 109/L |
P-Fibrinogen | 2.0–4.0 mg/mL |
D-dimer | <0.25 mg/L |
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) | 0.2–1.9 μkat/L |
C-reactive protein (CRP) | <3.0 mg/L |
Bilirubin | 5–25 μmol/L |
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 0.6–1.8μkat/L |
Creatinine | 45–90 μmol/L |
Haemoglobin (Hb) | Women 117–153 g/L Men 134–170 |
PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitamin K absence) | <2.0 mg/L |
Markers of malnutrition
Statistical analysis
Results
Epidemiological data | |
Sex | 27 males;11 females |
Mean age | 70.2 ± 6.9 years (range 57–82 years) |
Mean duration of operation | 10.4 h |
Median perioperative blood loss | 400 mL (range 50–4650 mL) |
Mean perioperative fluid loss through surgical drains | 430 ± 355 mL |
Mean time from epidural catheterization to withdrawal | 6.2 ± 3.2 days (range 2–15) |
Included and preoperative tests taken, but postoperative tests not taken due to transfer to other hospital or researcher being absent. | 5 patients |
Indication for surgery | Number of patients |
Gastric cancer | 17 |
Oesophageal cancer | 4 |
Gastrooesophageal cancer | 2 |
Gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma | 3 |
Pancreatic cancer | 9 |
Tumour in ampulla of Vater | 1 |
Cancer simultaneously involving upper gastrointestinal tract and colon | 2 |
Preoperative results | Postoperative results | Reference range | |
---|---|---|---|
PT-INR | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
1.2 ± 0.2*
| 0.9–1.1 |
aPTT (s) | 27 ± 3 | 30 ± 4* | 26–33 |
Plc (× 109/L) | 213 ± 153 | 283 ± 153* | 145–387 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.2 ± 0.9 |
5.8 ± 1.1
| 2.0–4.0 |
CRP (mg/L) |
6.8 ± 9.4
|
92 ± 60
| <3.0 |
D-dimer (mg/L) |
0.25 ± 0.22
|
1.73 ± 1.05
| <0.25 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 36.6 ± 3.7 | – | 36–45 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 73.4 ± 19 | 65.2 ± 18.3* | 45–105 |
Serum bilirubin (μmol/L) | 14 ± 22 | 10 ± 16* | 5–25 |
ALP (μkat/L) | 1.64 ± 1.1 |
2.30 ± 1.3*
| 0.6–1.8 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 14 ± 22 | 11 ± 16* | 5–25 |
GT (μkat/L) | 1.3 ± 2.0 |
2.1 ± 1.9*
| 0.2–1.9 |
Blood haemoglobin (g/L) | 119 ± 16 g/L |
113 ± 12 g/L
| Men 134–170; women 117–153 |