Background
KLK6
KLK8
KLK10
Methods
Patient recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria
Brain imaging
CAA and vascular pathology
CSF ELISA (Aβ42, Aβ40, total tau, phosphorylated tau)
CSF ELISA (KLK6, KLK8, KLK10)
Statistical analyses
Primary analyses
Group differences
A/T/(N) system
Associations of KLKs with AD biomarkers in CSF
Exploratory analyses
Results
Primary analyses
Group differences
Variables | AD N = 32 | NC N = 23 | p values |
---|---|---|---|
global CDR frequency 0/0.5/1/2/3 | 0 / 24 / 7 / 1 / 0 | 23 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 | < 0.001 |
CDR-SOB mean ± SD (range) | 3.5 ± 1.84 (0.5–9) | 0.0 ± 0.00 (0.0–0.0) | < 0.001 |
MMSE score mean ± SD (range) | 23.6 ± 4.37 (9–29) n = 31 | 29.5 ± 0.79 (28–30) | < 0.001 |
Sex male / female | 14 / 18 | 18 / 5 | 0.011 |
Age in years mean ± SD (range) | 71.5 ± 4.70 (61–82) | 64.7 ± 9.16 (50–85) | 0.002 |
ApoE ε4 allele frequency 0/1/2/n.a. | 9 / 15 / 4 / 4 | 15 / 8 / 0 | 0.010 |
CSF-Aβ42 levels [ng/l] mean ± SD (range) | 516 ± 145.6 (260–930) | 1014 ± 199.0 (668–1354) | < 0.001* |
Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios mean ± SD (range) | 0.040 ± 0.0094 (0.020–0.061) | 0.067 ± 0.0096 (0.051–0.0813) | < 0.001* |
CSF t-tau levels [ng/l] mean ± SD (range) | 588 ± 334 (166–1650) | 182 ± 41.3 (108–266) | < 0.001* |
CSF p-tau levels [ng/l] mean ± SD (range) | 74.8 ± 32.5 (36–176) | 35.5 ± 7.48 (23–53) | 0.001* |
CSF-KLK6 ng/ml mean ± SD (range) | 321 ± 115.8 (132–663) | 220 ± 62.4 (101–344) | < 0.001* |
CSF-KLK8 ng/ml mean ± SD (range) | 0.163 ± 0.026 (0.12–0.22) | 0.157 ± 0.0580 (0.10–0.37) | 0.637* |
CSF-KLK10 ng/ml mean ± SD (range) | 0.665 ± 0.2338 (0.22–1.11) | 0.484 ± 0.0249 (0.08–0.95) | 0.008* |
A/T/(N) system
AD A+/T+/N+ (n = 21) | AD A+/T−/N+ (n = 11) | NC A−/T−/N- (n = 23) | |
---|---|---|---|
CSF-KLK6 ng/ml | 372 ± 106.2 (243–663) | 224 ± 56.7 (132–312) | 220 ± 62.4 (101–344) |
CSF-KLK8 ng/ml | 0.16 ± 0.024 (0.12–0.21) | 0.16 ± 0.031 (0.12–0.22) | 0.16 ± 0.058 (0.10–0.37) |
CSF-KLK10 ng/ml | 0.69 ± 0.220 (0.32–1.11) | 0.61 ± 0.26 (0.22–1.03) | 0.48 ± 0.249 (0.08–0.95) |
A/T/(N) system | Biomarker group | AD biomarker concordance | n |
---|---|---|---|
A+/T+/N+ (n = 21) | A+ | Concordance between amyloid PET and CSF-Aβ42 | 10 |
Either amyloid PET or CSF-Aβ42 positivity | 3 | ||
Only CSF-Aβ42 available | 8 | ||
N+ | Concordance between FDG PET, CSF-tTau and atrophy (cMRI) | 18 | |
Concordance between atrophy (cMRI) and either FDG-PET or CSF-tTau positivity | 3 | ||
A+/T−/N+ (n = 11) | A+ | Concordance between amyloid PET and CSF-Aβ42 | 5 |
Either amyloid PET or CSF-Aβ42 positivity | 2 | ||
Only CSF-Aβ42 available | 4 | ||
N+ | Concordance between FDG PET, CSF-tTau and atrophy (cMRI) | 6 | |
Concordance between atrophy (cMRI) and either FDG-PET or CSF-tTau positivity | 3 |