Background:To better understand the evolution of typical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to heart failure (HF), we investigated the relationship between serum biochemical abnormalities and changes in left ventricular (LV) remodeling.Methods and Results:Seventy-seven HCM patients were followed for 20 years. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH-1, troponin T and myosin light chain-1 (MLC-1) were measured. Abnormal CK-MB elevation was observed in 64% of HCM patients. LDH-1 was not significantly different compared with the control subjects. Troponin T elevation was observed in 3 HCM patients and MLC-1 elevation was not observed. According to median CK-MB, HCM patients were divided into 2 groups: group H (CK-MB ≥2.5%, n=33) and group L (CK-MB <2.5%, n=44). During the follow-up period in group H, LV end-diastolic dimension increased (P<0.0001), fractional shortening decreased (P<0.0004), and left atrial dimension increased (P<0.0001). The markers reflecting LV hypertrophy were significantly decreased. In group L, LV end-diastolic dimension increased (P<0.02) and left atrial dimension increased (P<0.0001). HF was observed in 18 patients in group H and in 4 in group L. There were 14 HF deaths in group H and 2 in group L, and 3 sudden cardiac deaths in group H.Conclusions:Persistent elevation of cardiac enzymes in HCM patients indicates ongoing myocardial injury, ultimately resulting in death by HF. (Circ J 2016; 80: 218–226)