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Smoking and Interleukin-1 Activity Released from Human Alveolar Macrophages in Healthy Subjects
Section snippets
Study Population
We studied 20 healthy volunteers; 12 were nonsmokers and eight smokers. The smokers smoked 24.4 ± 3.4 of cigarette per day, with Brinkman index of 333 ± 124 pack years (mean ± SE). None of the subjects had any signs and symptoms of infection or inflammation. X-ray films, pulmonary function, and routine laboratory test results were normal.
Preparation of BALF and Blood Mononuclear Cells
The BAL was performed as previously described with slight modification.5 Briefly, the upper airways were anesthetized with 4 percent xylocaine. The fiberoptic
BALF Cell Findings
In smokers, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in recovered cells per milliliter and macrophages (percent). The lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. The percentages of neutrophils and eosinophil were similar in both groups (Table 1).
IL-1 Activity Released from BALF Macrophages and Blood Monocytes
Spontaneously released IL-1 activity was much lower in BALF macrophages than in blood monocytes. When BALF macrophages and blood monocytes were stimulated with LPS, the IL-1 activity
DISCUSSION
The role of IL-1 in the inflammatory process in the lung has been widely discussed.8, 9, 10 Some have referred to the influence of smoking on the inflammatory process and lung injury in pulmonary emphysema and fibrotic lung diseases.2
Lavage cell populations from healthy smokers display characteristic changes.11, 12 Smokers' BALF contains an increased number of alveolar macrophages which are also morphologically different from the nonsmokers'.4 The BALF macrophage in healthy smokers is about
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Our thanks are due to M. Emura, M.D., T. Mio, M.D., M. Kitaichi, M.D., and residents who so kindly performed bronchoalveolar lavages; Mrs. F. Tanioka who provided valuable technical help to our experiments; and Om. P. Sharma, M.D., for review of the manuscript
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This study was supported by grants from the Smoking Research Foundation in Japan.
Manuscript received December 28; revision accepted March 28