Veterinary World

 
ISSN (Online): 2231-0916
 

 Home

 Editorial board

 Instructions for authors

 Reviewer guideline

 Open access policy

 Archives

 FAQ

 

Open Access

Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

Research (Published online : 18-11-2013)

23. Histomorphological study of the parathyroid gland in female Kuttanad ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) - Firdous Ahmad Dar, S. Maya, Jose John Chungath, N. Ashok, Harshad Sudhir Patki and K. S. Prashanth Kumar

Veterinary World, 6(11): 941-944

 

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.941-944

 

 

 

 

Abstract

Aim: The present work was targeted to form the baseline data of normal morphological and histological picture of parathyroid gland in female Kuttanad ducks.
Materials and Methods: A Histomorphological study of the parathyroid gland was carried out in twelve adult female Kuttanad ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of 20 weeks of age. Birds reared semintensively were procured from Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Poultry and Duck Farm and sacrificed humanely. Glands were collected and gross parameters were recorded. The glands were fixed in 10 percent neutral buffered formalin. The small sized glands were processed as such by routine histological methods, paraffin blocks were prepared and sectioned to a thickness of 5µ. The tissues were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for routine histological studies and Gomori's rapid one step trichrome method for connective tissue fibres. Micrometric parameters were recorded using ocular micrometer.
Results: Parathyroid glands in Kuttanad ducks lay just caudal to the division of the innominate artery into the subclavian and common carotid arteries. Parathyroids were oval to spherical in shape, yellow in colour and smaller than thyroid gland of the representative sides. The arterial blood supply was from common carotid artery and blood from gland was drained directly into jugular vein. Although it lied close to the thyroid, thymus and ultimobranchial gland, parathyroid tissue did not merge to any of the above mentioned three glands. Parenchyma was composed irregular anatomizing cords of cells supplied by connective tissue stroma penetrated by blood capillaries. Parenchyma was predominantly made of lightly stained cell, the chief cell. The nuclei were round and contain one or two nucleoli. Oxyphil cells present in parathyroid glands of other mammals were not seen in the present study.
Conclusion: Histomorphological features or characteristics of Parathyroid gland in Kuttanad duck were studied. Cranial parathyroids were larger in size as compared to the caudal parathyroids. Parathyroid glands were enclosed by a well-developed connective tissue capsule made predominantly of collagen fibers. Parenchyma was composed of irregular anatomizing cords of cells supplied by connective tissue stroma and penetrated by blood capillaries. Oxyphil cells were absent similar to other aves. Parathyroid gland is very vital in maintaining the homeostasis of the plasma calciumReference?. Findings of this study will contribute to the anatomy literature as a valuable resource for future researchers focused on this subject and will also help other allied subjects on comparative basis.
Key words: chief cells, Kuttanad, parathyroid

References

1. Brown, E. (1991) Extracellular Ca2+ sensing, regulation of parathyroid cell function and role of Ca2+ and other ions as extracellular (first) messengers.Physiol. Revs. 71: 371-411.
PMid:2006218
 
2. Ricardo de Matos (2008) Calcium Metabolism in Birds.Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice.Endocrinol. 11 (1): 59–82.
 
3. Huayue, C., Takao, S., Shoichi, E. and Kinya, K. (2013) An Update on the Structure of the Parathyroid Gland.The Open Anatomy Journal. 5: 1-9.
 
4. Capen, C. C. and Rosol, T. J. (1989) Recent advances in the structure and function of the parathyroid gland in animals and the effects of xenobiotics.Toxicol Pathol. 17(2):333-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262338901700210
PMid:2675284
 
5. Luna, L. G. (1968) Manual of Histological Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill BookCompany, New York, 258p.
 
6. Baumel, J. J., King, A. S., Breazile, J. E., Evans, H. E. and Vanden Berge, J. C. (1993) Nomina Anatomica Avium. MA: Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge.
 
7. Norris, D. O. (2007) Vertebrate Endocrinology. 4th edn. Academic Press. pp: 507-508.
 
8. Dacke, C. G. (1979) Parathyroid hormone and eggshell calcification in Japanese quail. J. Endocrinol., 71: 239-243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.0710239
 
9. Clark, N. B. and Sassayama, Y. (1981) The role of parathyroid hormone on renal excretion of calcium and phosphate in the Japanese quail. Gen. Com. Endocrinol. 43: 234-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(81)90108-8
 
10. Kenny, A. D. (1986) Parathyroid and ultimobranchial glandsIn. In:"Avian Physiology", 4th ed. Springer Verlag. New York.,pp: 466-478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0_21
 
11. Carlson, D. (2010) Parathyroid pathology: hyper parathyroi- dism and parathyroid tumors. Arch Pathol. Lab Med.134: 1639-44.
PMid:21043817
 
12. Sheffield, E. A. (2002) An approach to common pathological conditions in the parathyroid glands. CPD Cell Pathol.4: 135-8.
 
13. Moore-Scott, B. A. and Manley, N. R. (2005) Differential expression of Sonic hedgehog along the anterior-posterior axis regulates patterning of pharyngeal pouch endoderm and pharyngeal endoderm-derived organs. Dev Biol. 278: 323- 35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.10.027
PMid:15680353
 
14. Swarup, K. and Das, V. K. (1974) The ultmobranchial, body of Pied myna, Sturnus contra (Linn.) Arch. Anat. Microsc. 63: 203-215.
 
15. Belanger, L. F. (1971) The ultimobranchial gland of birds and the effects of nutritional variations. J Exp Zool.178:125- 130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401780114
PMid:4937552
 
16. Dhande, R. R., Suryawanshi, S. A. and Pandey, A. K. (2006) Seasonal changes in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in relation to parathyroid structure of the grey quail, Ccoturnix coturnix Linnaeus. J Environ Biol. 27 (1):123-128.
PMid:16850889
 
17. Radek, T. and Piasecki, T. (2007) Topography and arterial supply of the thyroid and the parathyroid glands in selected species of Falconiformes. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 36(4):241-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2006.00733.x
PMid:17617099
 
18. Parviz, M. P., Shafgat, R. Q. and Shahrokh, S. (1993) Anatomy, Histology, Ultrastructure, Parathyroid, Mouse. In: Endocrine System. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.252-257.
 
19. Radek, T. and Piasecki, T. (2004) The topographical anatomy and arterial supply of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the budgerigar (Melopsittacusundulatus). Folia Morphol (Warsz). 63(2):163-71.
 
20. Nevalainen, T. (1969) Fine structure of the parathyroid gland of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus).Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 12: 561-567.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(69)90175-0
 
21. Ali, P. and Rahmat, A. F. D. (2011) Morphometrical Evaluation of Parathyroid Aland in Native Chickens. 2nd International Conference on Agricultural and Animal Science vol.22.
 
22. Hodges, R. D. (1974) The Histology of the Fowl. Academic Press, London, 648p.
 
23. Wittow, G. C. (2000) Sturkie's Avian Physiology, 5th ed. London: Academic Press. pp: 473–48.