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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter December 7, 2006

Partial hemi-resurfacing of the hip joint – a new approach to treat local osteochondral defects? / Gelenkoberflächen-Teilersatz am Hüftgelenk – ein neuer Ansatz zur Behandlung osteochondraler Defekte?

  • Marcus Jäger , Malcom J.W. Begg and Rüdiger Krauspe

Abstract

There is currently renewed interest in articular resurfacing for the treatment of damaged hip-joint cartilage. In contrast to these implants, which involve endoprosthetic replacement of both articulating surfaces, we present a new joint-preserving technique that allows treatment of local osteochondral defects of the femoral head by partial hemi-resurfacing. In this study we describe the operative and technical aspects and problems for partial hemi-resurfacing of the hip joint and critically discuss indications for this procedure in one case. To guarantee an adequate view of the situs, we recommend a surgical approach involving trochanter flip osteotomy, followed by surgical dislocation of the hip joint. Besides partial hemi-resurfacing of the osteochondral defect, this approach allows treatment of associated labral tears and cartilage defects of the hip joint at the same time. For adequate implant fixation, good bone quality is required. Furthermore, osteochondral defects of limited extent and excellent patient compliance are essential for clinical success. In particular, prominence of the implant has to be avoided, which can lead to an irregular joint surface and may induce further cartilage destruction. Long-term studies on statistical populations will show if partial articular hemi-resurfacing is a bone-preserving and useful therapeutic alternative to hemi-resurfacing caps in the treatment of osteochondral hip-joint defects, especially in young patients.

Zusammenfassung

In der Behandlung von Knorpelschäden am Hüftgelenk erleben gegenwärtig die sogenannten Kappenendoprothesen eine Renaissance. Im Gegensatz zu diesen Implantaten, bei denen beide artikulierende Gelenkflächen ersetzt werden, wird eine neue, gelenkerhaltende Technik beschrieben. Hierbei handelt es sich um den sogenannten Teilgelenkersatz (partial hemi-resurfacing), bei welchem lokal begrenzte osteochondrale Defekte des Hüftkopfes ersetzt und damit gelenkerhaltend therapiert werden. Die operativen und technischen Besonderheiten des Teilgelenkersatzes am Hüftgelenk werden dargestellt und die Indikationsstellung sowie Vor- und Nachteile dieser Behandlungsform kritisch anhand eines Fallbeispiels diskutiert. Um eine ausreichende Übersicht über den Operationssitus zu erhalten, empfehlen die Autoren als operativen Zugangsweg die chirurgische Hüfgelenkluxation mit Trochanter-Flip-Osteotomie. Diese Technik ermöglicht neben dem Teilgelenkersatz am Hüftkopf die gleichzeitige Behandlung von assoziierten Schäden am Labrum acetabulare sowie anderer osteochondraler Läsionen. Voraussetzung für die Implantatverankerung sind eine ausreichend gute Knochenqualität, ein lokal begrenzter osteochondraler Defekt sowie eine hohe Patienten-Compliance. Beim Einbringen des Implantats sind Prominenzen des Biomaterials über das Knorpelniveau unbedingt zu vermeiden, welche zu einer unebenen Gelenkoberfläche mit folgenden Knorpelschäden führen können. Langzeitbeobachtungen an ausreichend großen Patientenkollektiven werden zeigen, ob in Zukunft der Teilgelenkoberflächenersatz eine knochensparende, sinnvolle Therapieoption zur totalendoprothetischen Versorgung bei osteochondralen Defekten am Femurkopf, insbesondere bei jungen Patienten, darstellen wird.


Corresponding author: Marcus Jäger, MD, Department of Orthopaedics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Phone: +49-211-8116036 Fax: +49-211-8116281

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Published Online: 2006-12-07
Published in Print: 2006-12-01

©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

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