Prevalence of goitre, iodine uptake and salt iodization level in Mahasamund district of Chhattisgarh: a baseline study in Central India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20162334Keywords:
IDD, Goitre, Urinary iodine excretion, USIAbstract
Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) refer to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency in a population, which can be prevented by taking adequate amount of Iodine. The objectives was to ascertain the prevalence goitre among 6-12 year children by clinical examination in Mahasamund district; 2) to document the iodine uptake status reflected by random urinary excretion levels in a sub-sample of 6-12 year children covered for clinical examination, and 3) to evaluate the coverage of iodized salt at community level (i.e. at household and retail shop) on-the-spot test by using rapid salt testing kit.
Methods: A cross sectional community based survey was done in Mahasamund district during April 2015 to September 2015. The study population was children in the age group of 6-12 years. 30 cluster sampling methodology was applied using PPS sampling technique, based on latest survey guidelines of NIDDCP of Govt. of India. The parameters studied were prevalence of goitre, urinary iodine excretion, and iodine content in salt at community level (i.e. household and shop).
Results: A total of 2700 children aged from 6-12 years were assessed clinically for goitre. The total goitre prevalence was 4.29% (95% CI: 3.3-5.27). The median urinary iodine excretion (MUIE) was 106.67μg/L (range 11-216.7μg /L) among surveyed children. 37.4% of the urinary iodine excretion values were <100 μg/L. The households consuming inadequately iodized salt (i.e. iodine content ≤15 ppm) was 20% in the surveyed district.
Conclusions: Although prevalence of goitre and median urinary iodine excretion among surveyed population was found satisfactory against the norms set by NIDDCP in surveyed district but universal salt iodization (USI) is yet to achieve in surveyed district.
References
Hetzel BS. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) and their eradication. Lancet. 1983;2:1126-9.
Pandav CS, Moorthy D, Sankar R, Anand K, Karmarkar MG. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. (National health programme series; Vol 5). New Delhi: National Institute of Health and Family Welfare; 2003. p. 3-6,23-4,26-7,74-6.
World Health Organization. The world health report: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
Andersson M, Takkouche B, Egli I, Allen HE, de Benoist B. Current global iodine status and progress over the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency. Bull of WHO. 2005;83:518-25.
UNICEF-WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy. World Summit for Children - Mid Decade Goal: Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Geneva, United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, 1994 (JCHPSS/94/2.7).
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Revised Policy Guidelines on National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme; IDD and Nutrition Cell; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Oct 2006.
International Institute for Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) -India NFHS-3 (2005-06): Main Report, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
New Delhi: 2010. UNICEF. Coverage Evaluation Survey 2009, All India Report. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/ india/health.html . [accessed on July 1, 2011]
WHO/NHD. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: A guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. 2007.
Kapil U, Singh P, Dwivedi SN, Pathak P. Profile of iodine content of salt and urinary iodine excretion levels in Selected districts of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Pediatr. 2004;71:785-7.
An ICMR Task Force Study. Epidemiological survey of endemic goitre and endemic cretinism. New Delhi:ICMR;1989.
Revised Policy Guidelines on National IDD Control Programme Oct. 2006 IDD and Nutrition Cell Director General of Health and Family Welfare Govt. of India New Delhi.
Chander S, Kapil U, Jain V, Sareen N. Iodine Deficiency Disorders in School Age Children in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr. 2013;50:883-4.
Kapil U, Pandey RM, Jain V, Kabra M, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS, et al. Increase in iodine deficiency disorder due to inadequate sustainability of supply of iodized salt in District Solan, Himachal Pradesh. J Trop Pediatr. 2013;59:514-5.
Kapil U, Pandey RM, Kabra M, Jain V, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS, et al. Status of iodine deficiency in district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh after 60 years of salt iodization. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67:827-8.
Ahmed M, Zama SY, Nagarajarao V, Mudassir A. Khan. Iodine deficiency in children: A comparative study in two districts of south-interior Karnataka, India. J Family Community Med. 2014;21(1):48-52.
Sinha AK, Jain K, Singh SP, Daniel A, Parihar A. Tracking progress towards sustainable elimination of Iodine deficiency disorders in 4 districts of Chhattisgarh- Pointer from Central India. Indian J. of PSM. 2015;46:3-4;168.
Arlappa N, Laxmaiah A, Balakrishna N, Harikumar R, Kodavanti MR, Gal Reddy Ch, et al. Micronutrient deficiency disorders among the rural children of West Bengal, India. Annals of Human Biology. 2011;38(3):281-9.
Zama SY, Ahmed M, Vadiraja N. Prevalence of goiter in school children of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:2807-9.
