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Review

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

1
Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Davison Room 414, Durham, NC 27710, USA
2
Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Davison Room 414, Durham, NC 27710, USA
3
Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Davison Room 414, Durham, NC 27710, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tomography 2015, 1(1), 3-17; https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00136
Submission received: 2 June 2015 / Revised: 3 July 2015 / Accepted: 6 August 2015 / Published: 1 September 2015

Abstract

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility within biological tissues. It first uses the frequency shift in the MRI signal to map the magnetic field profile within the tissue. The resulting field map is then used to determine the spatial distribution of the underlying magnetic susceptibility by solving an inverse problem. The solution is achieved by deconvolving the field map with a dipole field, under the assumption that the magnetic field results from a superposition of the dipole fields generated by all voxels and that each voxel has its own unique magnetic susceptibility. QSM provides an improved contrast-to-noise ratio for certain tissues and structures compared with its magnitude counterpart. More importantly, magnetic susceptibility directly reflects the molecular composition and cellular architecture of the tissue. Consequently, by quantifying magnetic susceptibility, QSM is becoming a quantitative imaging approach for characterizing normal and pathological tissue properties. This article reviews the mechanism that generates susceptibility contrast within tissues and some associated applications.
Keywords: quantitative susceptibility mapping; susceptibility tensor imaging; brain; iron; myelin; Parkinson disease; multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer disease quantitative susceptibility mapping; susceptibility tensor imaging; brain; iron; myelin; Parkinson disease; multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, C.; Wei, H.; Gong, N.-J.; Cronin, M.; Dibb, R.; Decker, K. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Tomography 2015, 1, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00136

AMA Style

Liu C, Wei H, Gong N-J, Cronin M, Dibb R, Decker K. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Tomography. 2015; 1(1):3-17. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00136

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Chunlei, Hongjiang Wei, Nan-Jie Gong, Matthew Cronin, Russel Dibb, and Kyle Decker. 2015. "Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications" Tomography 1, no. 1: 3-17. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00136

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