Skip to main content
Log in

Cyclosporin

A Review of its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Therapeutic Use in Immunoregulatory Disorders

  • Drug Evaluation
  • Published:
Drugs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 September 1993

Abstract

Synopsis

Cyclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide which produces calcium-dependent, specific, reversible inhibition of transcription of interleukin-2 and several other cytokines, most notably in T helper lymphocytes. This reduces the production of a range of cytokines, inhibiting the activation and/or maturation of various cell types, including those involved in cell-mediated immunity. Thus, cyclosporin has immunosuppressive properties, and has a proven place as first line therapy in the prophylaxis and treatment of transplant rejection.

Cyclosporin has also been evaluated in a large range of disorders where immunoregulatory dysfunction is a suspected or proven aetiological factor, and this is the focus of the present review. In patients with severe disease refractory to standard treatment, oral cyclosporin is an effective therapy in acute ocular Behçet’s syndrome, endogenous uveitis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, active Crohn’s disease and nephrotic syndrome. Concomitant low dose corticosteroid therapy may improve response rates in some disorders. The drug can be considered as a first line therapy in patients with moderate or severe aplastic anaemia who are ineligible for bone marrow transplantation, with the additional benefit of reducing platelet alloantibody titres. It may also be of considerable therapeutic benefit in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, particularly those with less advanced disease. Limited evidence suggests cyclosporin is effective in patients with intractable pyoderma gangrenosum, polymyositis/dermatomyositis or severe, corticosteroid-de-pendent asthma. Indeed, the steroid-sparing effect of cyclosporin is a significant advantage in a number of indications. Furthermore, the drug has shown some efficacy in a wide range of other, generally uncommon disorders in which controlled clinical trials are lacking and/or are unlikely to be performed. Cyclosporin does not appear to be effective in patients with allergic contact dermatitis, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is only temporarily effective in patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and should not be used in this indication.

To avoid relapse after control of active disease, patients should receive cyclosporin maintenance therapy at the lowest effective dosage. However, maintenance therapy appears to be of no benefit in patients with Crohn’s disease and cyclosporin should be discontinued in these patients once active disease is controlled.

Hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and neurological and gastrointestinal effects are the most common adverse events in cyclosporin recipients, but are Usually mild to moderate and resolve on dosage reduction. Changes in laboratory variables indicating renal dysfunction are relatively common, although serious irreversible damage is rare. However, renal function monitoring is recommended, and cyclosporin dosage should be reduced by 25 to 50% if serum creatinine increases > 30% above baseline, with treatment discontinuation if creatinine does not return to within 30% of baseline levels within 1 month. A large number of interactions between cyclosporin and other agents have been identified.

In the treatment of immunoregulatory disorders, cyclosporin has generally been reserved for use in patients with severe refractory disease and patients who have become steroid-dependent or, in patients with aplastic anaemia, those with moderate or severe disease who are ineligible for bone marrow transplantation. Despite these limitations, cyclosporin appears to be a very effective agent in a number of recalcitrant disorders where achieving adequate disease control is a major advance. This merits a trial of cyclosporin in these patients despite the careful monitoring required.

Pharmacodynamic Properties

Cyclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide of 11 amino acids with unique immunosuppressive properties. It acts specifically and reversibly on lymphocytes (in particular T helper cells), producing selective suppression of cell-mediated immunity. This suppression is contingent on the mode of activation and is calcium-dependent.

Cyclosporin forms a complex with cyclophilin in the cytoplasm, which then binds to calcineurin, a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, in a calcium-dependent manner. Inhibition of calcineurin activity is implicated in the activation and/or translocation of a nuclear factor which binds to the interleukin-2 enhancer allowing the interleukin-2 gene to be transcribed. The transcription of several other cytokines, including interferon-7, and several other interleukins, is also inhibited by cyclosporin.

Interleukin-2 production by T helper cells is a pivotal step in the evolution of the immune response. It is required for the activation and clonal expansion of T helper and T cytotoxic cells, and the maturation of various other cell types. Thus, inhibition of interleukin-2 expression by cyclosporin reduces the production of a wide range of other cytokines, producing indirect effects on other cells involved in the immune response.

Prophylaxis or treatment with cyclosporin has shown efficacy in induced animal models of human disorders with a presumed or proven immune component including asthma, haemolytic anaemia, nephritis, Graves’ and Hashimotos’ thyroiditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pancreatitis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis. However, disease recurred after treatment discontinuation in some models, while others were not considered to correlate well with human disease. Cyclosporin was effective as both prophylaxis and treatment in a genetic animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus/arteritis/arthritis, as treatment in genetic models of alopecia areata and keratoconjunctivitis sicca/Sjögren’s syndrome, and as prophylaxis in models of vitiligo and type I diabetes mellitus. It was ineffective as treatment in genetic models of type I diabetes mellitus, and as treatment or prophylaxis in Hashimotos’ thyroiditis.

Cyclosporin has an indirect vasoconstrictor effect which has been associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction. In the kidney, cyclosporin produces structural and functional changes affecting predominantly the proximal tubule and the afferent arteriole. These effects result in impaired renal function which is usually reversible and, less often, structural renal damage. The mechanism of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity remains to be established and more than one effect may be involved. Increased thromboxane A2 levels causing renal vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells into the intima, reduced release of vasodilatory kinins, and altered calcium responses producing exaggerated arteriolar smooth muscle and mesangial cell responses with a resultant decrease in glomerular filtration rate, have been proposed.

Cyclosporin has also been shown to modify the multi-drug resistance phenotype of cancer cells, enhancing intracellular antineoplastic drug accumulation. This effect does not appear to be associated with the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin.

Pharmacokinetic Properties

The pharmacokinetic properties of cyclosporin show wide interpatient variation. The drug is poorly absorbed after oral administration, primarily in the small intestine, and has a bioavailability of about 30% (range 5 to 70%) in healthy volunteers. Maximum blood concentrations of cyclosporin are usually observed 1 to 8 hours after oral administration, and a second peak may be noted in some patients. This second peak may be due to enhanced absorption following a meal, as bile increases cyclosporin absorption, or may represent excretion of cyclosporin as a sulphate conjugate in the bile, which is then degraded to the parent compound and reabsorbed.

Cyclosporin is rapidly (within about 10 minutes) distributed between blood cells (60 to 70%) and plasma. Most of the cyclosporin in blood cells is taken up by erythrocytes (41 to 58%), whereas most of the drug in plasma is bound to lipoproteins (≈ 34%). Cyclosporin has a large apparent volume of distribution of 4 to 8 L/kg. Tissue drug concentrations appear to correlate with tissue levels of cyclophilin and lipids, being highest in leucocyte-rich organs, and in fat and fatty organs. Cyclosporin does not cross the blood-brain barrier or enter the cerebrospinal fluid to any significant extent, but does cross the blood-retinal barrier in patients with severe ocular disease where this barrier is compromised. The drug crosses the placenta and is found in amniotic fluid and fetal blood; it is also present in breast milk.

Cyclosporin is metabolised by cytochrome P-450IIIA enzymes, predominantly in the liver, but some presystemic metabolism by P-450IIIA enzymes in the gastrointestinal mucosa may also occur. There is no single major metabolic pathway and more than 30 metabolites have been observed. The most active metabolites show only 10 to 20% of the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin and do not appear to act synergistically with the parent compound. Cyclosporin exhibits linear elimination with a clearance rate of 0.38 to 3 L/h/kg. The elimination half-life has been measured as about 19 hours but this is probably an underestimate. Following oral administration, 90% of a dose is excreted in the bile (< 1% unchanged) and 6% in the urine (< 0.1% unchanged).

Cyclosporin metabolism is age-dependent with an increased clearance and decreased elimination half-life in children, who may have increased dosage requirements. Clearance is decreased in patients with hepatic impairment or reduced low density lipoprotein levels in serum, and possibly also in the elderly. Reduced distribution to blood cells in patients with aplastic anaemia, reduced absorption in patients with inflammatory bowel disorders, and decreased tissue distribution in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia, might also be expected.

It is recommended that cyclosporin concentrations be measured in whole blood using an assay method specific for the parent compound. Routine monitoring of metabolites is not considered necessary.

Therapeutic Efficacy

The therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin has been evaluated in an extensive range of disorders where immunoregulatory dysfunction is a presumed or proven aetiological factor.

Ophthalmological disorders: Oral cyclosporin is effective therapy in patients with severe endogenous posterior uveitis, with improvements in visual parameters being maintained during long term therapy. The beneficial effects were particularly marked in patients with acute ocular manifestations of Behçet#x2019;s syndrome, where cyclosporin appeared at least as effective as standard therapies in comparative trials. Small trials indicate cyclosporin 2% eye drops are also useful in patients with severe refractory vernal conjunctivitis.

Dermatological disorders: Cyclosporin has a dose-proportional effect in patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris, with relatively rapid therapeutic benefit when dosage is titrated to effect. In a comparison with etretinate, cyclosporin provided more rapid lesion clearance and, unlike etretinate, therapeutic effect was maintained during tapering of the dosage. Relapse occurs when cyclosporin is reduced below a minimum effective dosage. Concurrent topical steroid therapy appears to be of additional benefit in cyclosporin recipients. Intralesional cyclosporin administration is effective but unlikely to be of practical use, whereas evaluation of topical cyclosporin therapy for psoriasis has been limited by the lack of a vehicle providing sufficient percutaneous absorption of the drug. Cyclosporin has also shown efficacy in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (pustular psoriasis).

Oral and topical cyclosporin have demonstrated short term efficacy compared with placebo in patients with atopic dermatitis, and had a steroid-sparing effect. Although evidence is limited, cyclosporin shows significant therapeutic activity in patients with pyoderma gangrenosum, producing complete ulcer healing in patients who failed conventional therapy. Similarly, oral cyclosporin therapy seems to be effective in patients with refractory bullous skin disorders and has a steroid-sparing effect. Low dose topical or oral cyclosporin has shown efficacy in severe refractory lichen planus, particularly in patients with oral disease manifestations. However, topical cyclosporin appears largely ineffective in patients with alopecia areata, and although oral cyclosporin has shown some efficacy, it seems unlikely to be used in this essentially cosmetic disorder. Allergic contact dermatitis does not appear to be responsive to cyclosporin.

Haematological disorders: Cyclosporin was at least as effective as standard therapy with anti-lymphocyte (including antithymocyte) globulin plus steroid therapy in patients with aplastic anaemia. Furthermore, the addition of cyclosporin to standard treatment regimens significantly improved response rates and cyclosporin appears effective in patients refractory to antilymphocyte globulin therapy. It also reduces alloantibody titres in patients with aplastic anaemia refractory to platelet transfusion. Thus, cyclosporin alone or in combination with antilymphocyte or antithymocyte globulin should be considered a first-line therapy in patients with moderate to severe aplastic anaemia not eligible for bone marrow transplantation.

Gastroenterological disorders: Oral cyclosporin was an effective therapy in a subgroup of patients with active Crohn’s disease resistant to or intolerant of conventional therapy. However, relapse is common during maintenance therapy or after cyclosporin discontinuation. A large double-blind 18-month study found cyclosporin was less effective than placebo for maintaining remission in patients with low disease activity initially, being associated with a significant worsening of symptoms. Thus, while cyclosporin is a useful alternative, with a potential steroid-sparing effect in patients with severe active disease, current evidence indicates it should not be used as long term maintenance therapy. Preliminary data suggest that intravenous cyclosporin can abrogate the need for colectomy in patients with severe active refractory ulcerative colitis.

Liver disorders: Cyclosporin reduces both disease-related deaths and the need for transplantation compared with placebo, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Beneficial effects on metabolic bone status have also been noted with cyclosporin therapy in these patients. Limited data also indicate some efficacy in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, but viral chronic active disease has generally not responded to cyclosporin therapy.

Neurological disorders: Cyclosporin therapy has produced improvements in patients with myasthenia gravis similar to those observed with azathioprine or prednisone. However, these results require confirmation in the long term. Neurological deterioration following surgery after subarachnoid haemorrhage was reduced in cyclosporin recipients compared with controls in a small study. Large studies in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis found cyclosporin therapy was associated with no significant additional benefit compared with placebo.

Nephrotic syndrome: Cyclosporin has significant activity in both adults and children with nephrotic syndrome including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and membranous nephropathy. It has a significant steroid-sparing effect in steroid-dependent patients and shows efficacy in patients with steroid-resistant disease. While maintenance therapy is required by most patients, response is maintained in some patients following cyclosporin discontinuation. Additional benefit is obtained with the use of cyclosporin in combination with low dose steroids. However, results of a 2-year study indicate chlorambucil therapy should be tried before cyclosporin therapy is considered. Furthermore, cyclosporin should not be used in patients with established renal insufficiency, particularly those with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis.

Rheumatoid arthritis: Oral cyclosporin therapy is more effective than placebo, and at least as effective as azathioprine, chloroquine, methotrexate or penicillamine in patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis of long duration. Significant improvements in functional assessments of disease occur but significant changes in laboratory measures of disease are infrequent. While associated with a slower rate of disease improvement than higher dosages, it is recommended that low doses of cyclosporin be used initially, with slow titration to effect, as patients with rheumatoid arthritis seem particularly susceptible to the renal adverse effects of this drug. Limited data indicate cyclosporin is also beneficial in patients with recent disease onset and in severe refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: While cyclosporin therapy produces an initial reduction or abolition of insulin requirements in patients with recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus, all patients eventually relapse, and cyclosporin is not currently recommended in this indication.

Other immunoregulatory disorders: Cyclosporin has shown therapeutic activity in a large number of other disorders where immunoregulatory dysfunction is a known or suspected component. The most notable of these are severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma and polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and to a lesser extent, steroid-dependent systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome.

Tolerability

Cyclosporin therapy is associated with a considerable incidence of adverse events, the most common of which are hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and neurological and gastrointestinal effects. These are usually of mild to moderate severity and resolve on dosage reduction.

Changes in laboratory variables indicating dose-proportional renal dysfunction are relatively common during cyclosporin therapy but serious irreversible damage is rare, with values returning to near baseline on dosage reduction or discontinuation. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of renal function is considered mandatory in cyclosporin recipients. Older patients, and patients with existing renal impairment or hypertension also appear to be more at risk of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity. The most common findings on renal biopsy in cyclosporin recipients have been striped interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and arteriolar changes including hyalinosis. In non-transplant indications, avoidance of increases in serum creatinine > 30% above baseline by dose titration and a cyclosporin dosage < 5 mg/kg/day reduces, but does not completely abolish, the risk of serious structural kidney damage.

While hypertension may occur, it is usually controlled with antihypertensive therapy. The incidence of malignancy and infection is possibly less in patients receiving cyclosporin therapy compared with other potent immunosuppressive agents. An increased risk of skin cancer is suspected in patients with psoriasis receiving cyclosporin after other therapies, particularly photochemotherapy (PUVA). Cyclosporin has also been associated with hypomagnesaemia, hepatic dysfunction, and increased fasting triglyceride levels. The frequency of patient withdrawal because of adverse events was usually similar between treatment arms in comparisons of cyclosporin with other active therapies.

Acute oral cyclosporin overdosage is associated with few clinical symptoms but acute parenteral overdosage may be life-threatening, particularly in premature neonates. Gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal is recommended for oral overdosage. Cyclosporin is not removed by haemodialysis, nor is total blood transfusion likely to be effective. The effects of chronic cyclosporin overdosage have not been reported.

Drug Interactions

Three clinically important types of drug interaction with cyclosporin have been identified. Concomitant administration of agents slowing the rate of cyclosporin metabolism (e.g. macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungals, high dose corticosteroids, some calcium channel antagonists, H2histamine receptor antagonists, oral anticoagulants and sex hormones) may result in increased trough cyclosporin concentrations. Concomitant administration of agents increasing the rate of cyclosporin metabolism (e.g. anticonvulsants, antitubercular antibiotics) may result in decreased trough cyclosporin concentrations. The third possible outcome is increased or additive nephrotoxicity and appears to involve agents with known nephrotoxic potential such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, diuretics and rarely, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Various other interactions including increased gingival hyperplasia with nifedipine, increased myopathy with lovastatin, seizures with aluminium-containing medications or ketoconazole plus methylprednisolone, and a protective renal effect with enalapril, prazosin and calcium channel antagonists have been reported.

Dosage and Administration

Patients with endogenous uveitis (including Behçet’s syndrome) should receive oral cyclosporin 5 mg/kg/day to achieve remission of acute disease, increased to 7 mg/kg for a short time and/or in conjunction with low dose corticosteroid therapy if required. In psoriasis, a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/day should be used initially, gradually increased after 1 month in 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day increments if response is inadequate, to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day. Cyclosporin should be discontinued in patients not responding sufficiently after 6 weeks at 5 mg/kg/day. Maintenance therapy in patients with endogenous uveitis or psoriasis should utilise the lowest effective dosage of cyclosporin and should not exceed 5 mg/kg/day.

Cyclosporin 3 to 7 mg/kg/day may be used in patients with moderate to severe aplastic anaemia, titrated according to response and renal function. Treatment should be continued for at least 3 months and until peripheral blood cell counts have stabilised for at least 1 month, then slowly tapered. Concomitant antilymphocyte globulin and/or steroid therapy may be used.

Cyclosporin 5 mg/kg/day (adults) or 6 mg/kg/day (children) is recommended for the induction of remission in nephrotic syndrome, although this should be reduced to 2.5 mg/kg/day in patients with impairment of renal function other than proteinuria. Dosage should be titrated according to response and renal function, but should not exceed the recommended initial starting dosage. Low dose corticosteroid therapy may be added in patients with an insufficient response to cyclosporin monotherapy but cyclosporin should be discontinued in patients not responding after 3 months of therapy. The lowest effective cyclosporin dosage should be used for maintenance of remission.

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis an initial dosage of 3 to 3.5 mg/kg/day is recommended in recognition that some of these patients may be very sensitive to the renal effects of cyclosporin. In other disorders an initial dosage of 5 mg/kg/day or less should probably be used, with gradual dose-escalation, if required, to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day. Downward titration to the lowest effective dosage should be undertaken once remission is obtained. Low dose corticosteroid therapy may be added, where appropriate, if response to cyclosporin monotherapy is insufficient.

Blood pressure and renal function should be monitored every 2 weeks in the first 3 months of therapy, then every 2 months, although monthly assessment is recommended in patients receiving cyclosporin > 2.5 mg/kg/day long term or those particularly at risk of nephrotoxicity. Cyclosporin dosage should be reduced by 25 to 50% if serum creatinine increases by more than 30% above baseline, with therapy discontinued if creatinine level does not return to within 30% of baseline within 1 month. Therapy should also be discontinued in patients developing hypertension uncontrolled by appropriate therapy. Cyclosporin is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled infection, any malignancy other than skin cancer, or a glomerular filtration rate < 2.4 L/h/1.73m2.

Cyclosporin should be administered twice daily, orally if at all possible. The recommended intravenous dose is approximately one-third of the oral dose and may be considered for initial treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease with an accelerated gut transit time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Actis GC, Ponti V, Pera A, Ottobrelli A, Verme G. Colectomy avoided in ulcerative colitis (UC) with low dose intravenous (IV) cyclosporin (CYA) and prednisone tapering. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A588, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Adan A, Alfonso J, Cervera M, Chipont E, Diaz M, et al. Ciclosporin A in endogenous posterior uveitis. Abstract 49. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 5, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahern MJ, Bradley J, Harrison W, Laing B, Hollingsworth P, et al. A randomised double-blind trial of cyclosporin and azathioprine in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 21: 844–849, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akagi H, Reynolds A, Hjelm M. Cyclosporin A and its metabolites, distribution in blood and tissues. Journal of International Medical Research 19: 1–18, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alegre J, Teran J, Alvarez B, Viejo JL. Successful use of cyclosporin for the treatment of aggressive pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 33: 1594–1596, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander AG, Barnes NC, Kay AB. Trial of cyclosporin in corticosteroid-dependent chronic severe asthma. Lancet 339: 324–328, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ghamdi F, Smith EL. Dramatic effect of cyclosporin in generalized pustular psoriasis — the effective dose. Correspondence. Saudi Medical Journal 13: 470–471, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Alijotas J, Barquinero J, Ordi J, Vilardell M. Polymyositis and cyclosporin A. Correspondence. Annals of Rheumatic Disease 49: 66, 1990a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alijotas J, Pedragosa R, Bosch J, Vilardell M. Prolonged remission after cyclosporine therapy in pemphigus vulgaris: report of two young siblings. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 701–703, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allen BR. Use of cyclosporin for psoriasis in an HIV-positive patient. Correspondence. Lancet 339: 686, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allgayer H, Seitz K-H, Gugler R. Can cyclosorin prevent proctocolectomy in severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis? Lessons from a case report. Correspondence. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38: 380–382, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allison MC, Pounder RE. Cyclosporin for Crohn’s disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1: 39–43, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alton EW, Johnson M, Turner-Warwick M. Fibrosing alveolitis (FCA): treatment with cyclosporin. Abstract. Thorax 41: 715, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Altman RD, Perez GO, Sfakianakis GN. Interaction of cyclosporin A and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on renal function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. American Journal of Medicine 93: 396–402, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amor B, Dougados M. Cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis. European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation 11: 162–171, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen CB, Larsen S, Elmgreen J, Tvede N, Andersen V. Cyclosporine-induced renal morphologic and immunohistologic changes in patients with chronic uveitis. APMIS 99: 576–582, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen E, Hardt F. Cyclosporine treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in a child. Abstract F69. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26 (Suppl. 183): 82, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson AB, Primack W. Treatment of a child with acute cyclosporine overdose. Correspondence. Pediatric Nephrology 6: 222, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew SM, Edwards BD, O’Driscoll J, Chalmers RJG, Ballardie FW, et al. Relapse markers in psoriatic epidermis after systemic cyclosporin therapy. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 125: 488, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Anstey A, Mayou S, Morgan K, Clague RB, Munro DD. Relapsing polychondritis: autoimmunity to type II collagen and treatment with cyclosporin A. British Journal of Dermatology 125: 588–591, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antonini G, Bove R, Filippini C, Millefiorini M. Results of an open trial of cyclosporine in a group of steroidodependent myasthenic subjects. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 92: 317–321, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appel S, Stewart S, Appel V, Harati Y, Mietlowski W, et al. A double-blind study of the effectiveness of cyclosporine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 45: 381–386, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appelboom T Itzkowitch D. Cyclosporine in successful control of rapidly progressive scleroderma. Correspondence. American Journal of Medicine 82: 866–867, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Archambault A, Feagen B, Fedorak R, Groll A, Irvine EJ, et al. The Canadian Crohn’s Relapse Prevention Trial (CCRPT). Abstract. Gastroenterology 102 (Suppl.): A591, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardizzone S, Fasoli R, Sangaletti O, Petrillo M, Bianchi Porro G. The treatment of chronically active Crohn’s disease with cyclosporin A. Current Therapeutic Research 48: 1–4, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Arellano F, Monka C, Krupp PF. Acute cyclosporin overdose. A review of present clinical experience. Drug Safety 6: 266–276, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aricò M. Cyclosporine therapy for refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Correspondence. Blood 78: 3107, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arima M, Yukawa T, Terashi Y, Makino S. Cyclosporin A inhibits allergen-induced late asthmatic response and increase of airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 29: 1089–1095, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arranz R, Yañez E, Franceschi JL, Fernandez-Rañada JM. More about omeprazole-cyclosporine interaction. Correspondence. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88: 154, 1993

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Artero M, Biava C, Amend W, Tomlanovich S, Vincenti F. Recurrent focal glomerulosclerosis: natural history and response to therapy. American Journal of Medicine 92: 375–383, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Assan R, Feutren G, Debray-Sachs M, Quiniou-Debrie MC, Laborie C, et al. Metabolic and immunological effects of cyclosporin in recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1: 67–71, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Assan R, Feutren G, Sirmai J. Cyclosporine trials in diabetes: updated results of the French experience. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 178–183, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Assan R, Feutren G, Sirmai J, Laborie C, Boitard C, et al. Plasma C-peptide levels and clinical remissions in recent-onset type I diabetic patients treated with cyclosporin A and insulin. Diabetes 39: 768–774, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aten J, Bosman CB, de Heer E, Heodemaeker PJ, Weening JJ. Cyclosporin A induces long-term unresponsiveness in mercuric chloride-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 73: 307–311, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson K, Boland J, Britton K, Biggs J. Blood and tissue distribution of cyclosporine in humans and mice. Transplantation Proceedings 15 (Suppl. 1): 2430–2433, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkison PR, Mahon JL, Dupre J, Stiller CR, Jenner MR, et al. Interaction of bromocriptine and cyclosporin in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: results from the Canadian open study. Journal of Autoimmunity 3: 793–799, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Austin III HA, Palestine AG, Sabnis SG, Balow JE, Preuss HG, et al. Evolution of ciclosporin nephrotoxicity in patients treated for autoimmune uveitis. American Journal of Nephrology 9: 392–402, 1989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awni WM. Pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporin. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 23: 428–448, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azaña JM, de Misa RF, Boixeda JP, Ledo A. Topical cyclosporine for cicatricial pemphigoid. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 28: 134, 1993

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bach D, Vogt J, Heering P, Grabensee B. Therapie der fokal sklerosierenden Glomerulonephritis mit Cyclosporin A. Eine Verlaufsbeobachtung bei 7 Patienten. Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten 21: 303–306, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Bader P, Bendigs S, Wagner H, Heeg K. Cyclosporin A (CsA) prevents the generation of mature α/β T cells but spares γ/δ T lymphocytes. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 173: 81–89, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker BL, Woodson RD, Shahidi NT, Schultz JC, Hendricks JB, et al. Cyclosporin A in adult onset neutropenia. Correspondence. British Journal of Haematology 70: 255, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker BS, Griffiths CEM, Lambert S, Powles AV, Leonard JN, et al. The effects of cyclosporin A on T lymphocyte and dendritic cell sub-populations in psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 116: 503–510, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker BS, Powles AV, Savage CR, McFadden JP, Valdimarsson H, et al. Intralesional cyclosporin in psoriasis — effects on lymphocyte-T and dendritic cell subpopulations. British Journal of Dermatology 120: 207–213, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker K, Jewell DP. Cyclosporin for the treatment of severe inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 135–142, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Balato N, De Rosa S, Bordone F, Ayala F. Dermatological application of cyclosporine. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 125: 1430–1431, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balda B-R, Rosenzweig D. Cyclosporin A in der Behandlung von Pemphigus foliaceus und Pemphigus erythematosus. Der Hautarzt 37: 454–457, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bambauer R, Pees H, Daus G, Biro G, Keller HE. Three years experiences with ciclosporin A (CiA) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in severe cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Abstract F434. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology?: 124, 1987

  • Banfi G, Colturi C, Montagnino G, Ponticelli C. The recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in kidney transplant patients treated with cyclosporin. Transplantation 50: 594–596, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baran D, Vendeville B, Vial MC, Cosson C, Bascou C, et al. Effect of cyclosporin A on mercury-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the brown Norway rat. Clinical Neurology 25 (Suppl. 1): 175–180, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker JNWN. The pathophysiology of psoriasis. Lancet 338: 227–230, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barthelemy H, Frappaz A, Cambazard F, Mauduit G, Rouchouse B, et al. Treatment of nine cases of pemphigus vulgaris with cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 18: 1262–1266, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bass PS, Wang Y, Al Nawab M, Evans B, Thomas H, et al. The effect of cyclosporin A on cationized bovine serum albumin-induced nephropathy in NZW rabbits. Journal of Pathology 167: 41–47, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumhefner RW, Myers LW, Ellison GW, Tourlette WW, Belendink GW, et al. Huge cyclosporin overdose with favourable outcome. Correspondence. Lancet 2: 332, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker GM, Gandolfi AJ, Nagle RB. Effects of cyclosporine A on a kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1). Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology 56: 277–280, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bejarano MT, Masucci MG, Klein E. Differential effect of cyclosporin-A onthe mixed-lymphocyte culture-induced proliferative and cytotoxic responses lymphocytes with different cell densities. Cellular Immunology 103: 409–416, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belenduik G, Solch S. Cyclosporine in neurological autoimmune disease. Clinical Neuropharmacology 11: 291–302, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belin MW, Bouchard CS, Phillips TM. Update on topical cyclosporin A. Background, immunology, and pharmacology. Cornea 9: 184–195, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BenEzra D, Cohen E, Chajek T, Friedman G, Pizanti S, et al. Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporine A in Behçet’s syndrome. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 136–143, 1988c

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BenEzra D, Cohen E, Rakotomalala M, de Courten C, Harris W, et al. Treatment of endogenous uveitis with cyclosporine A. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 122–127, 1988a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BenEzra D, Maftzir G, de Courten C, Timonen P. Ocular penetration of cyclosporin A. III: the human eye. British Journal of Ophthalmology 74: 350–352, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BenEzra D, Matamoros N, Cohen E. Treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis with cyclosporine A eyedrops. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 2): 644–649, 1988b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BenEzra D, Peér J, Brodsky M, Cohen E. Cyclosporine eyedrops for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 101: 278–282, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Nun A, Cohen IR. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mediated by T cell lines: process of selection of lines and characterisation of the cells. Journal of Immunology 129: 303–308, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berden JHM, Faaber P, Assmann KHM, Rijke TPM. Effects of cyclosporin A on autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr and BXSB mice. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 24: 405–411, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beris Ph, Miescher P-A. Traitement de l’anémie aplastique sévère par l’association ciclosporine/cortcostéroides. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 117: 1751–1755, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RAC. Nephrotoxicity of short term cyclosporin therapy for atopic dermatitis. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 127 (Suppl. 40): 14, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Beukers R, de Rave S, van den Berg JWO, Schalm SW. Oral pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and patients with skin diseases. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6: 459–468, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beukers R, Schalm SW. Effect of cyclosporine and cyclosporine plus prednisone in primary biliary cirrhosis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 340–343, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhavnani M. Cyclosporin A treatment of pure red cell aplasia associated with B-CLL. Correspondence. British Journal of Haematology 79: 137–139, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi L, Gatti S, Nini G. Bullous pemphigoid and severe erythrodermic psoriasis: combined low-dose treatment with cyclosporine and systemic steroids. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 278, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi Porro G, Petrillo M, Ardizzone S. Cyclosporin treatment for severe active ulcerative colitis. Correspondence. Lancet 336: 439, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bielory L, Frohman LP. Low-dose cyclosporine therapy of granulomatous optic neuropathy and orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 98: 1732–1736, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bijlmer-Iest JC, Rompelman-Schiere SIM, Van Ginkel CJW. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 125: 283: 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Binder AI, Graham EM, Sanders MD, Dinning W, James DG, et al. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe Behçet’s uveitis. British Journal of Rheumatology 26: 285–291, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjerkhoel F, Førre Ø. Cyclosporin treatment of a patient with severe systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 17: 483–486, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blank M, Ben-Bassat, Shoenfeld Y. The effect of cyclosporin A on early and late stages of experimental lupus. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35: 1350–1355, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleik JH, Khalid F, Tabbara F. Topical cyclosporine in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 98: 1679–1684, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bloemena E, van Oers MHJ, Weinreich S, Schellekens PThA. Cyclosporin A and prednisolone do not inhibit the expression of high-affinity receptors for interleukin 2. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 71: 308–313, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Blohmé I, Idström J-P, Andersson T. A study of the interaction between omeprazole and cyclosporine in renal transplant patients. British Journal of Clincal Pharmacology 35: 156–160, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Boers M, Bensen WG, Ludwin D, Goldsmith CH, Tugwell P. Cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis: no effect of short term misoprostol treatment. Journal of Rheumatology 19: 534–537, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boers M, Dijkmans BAC, van Rijthoven AWAM, Goei Thè HS, Cats A. Reversible nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 17: 38–42, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boiardi L, Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Casadeimaldini M, Mancini R, et al. Immunologic effects in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with cyclosporine A. Journal of Rheumatology 19: 1933–1937, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boixeda JP, Soria C, Medina S, Ledo A. Bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis: treatment with cyclosporine. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24: 152, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton C, Borel JF, Cuzner ML, Davison AN, Turner AM. Immunosuppression by cyclosporin A of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neurological Science 56: 147–153, 1982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondesson L, Hammar H. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with ciclosporin. Dermatologica 181: 308–310, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bone AJ, Walker R, Varey A-M, Cooke A, Baird JD. Effect of cyclosporin on pancreatic events and development of diabetes in BB/Edinburgh rats. Diabetes 39: 508–514, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF. Mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and rationale for use in nephrotic syndrome. Clinical Nephrology 35 (Suppl. 1): 523–530, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A. In Transplantation and Clinical Immunology 13: 3–6, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF. Pharmacology of cyclosporine (Sandimmune) IV. Pharmacological properties in vivo. Pharmacological reviews 41: 259–371, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF, Feurer C, Magnee C, Stahelin H. Effects of the new antilymphocyte peptide cyclosporin A in animals. Immunology 32: 1017–1025, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF, Gubler JU, Hiestand PC, Wenger RM. Immunopharmacological properties of cyclosporin (Sandimmune®) and Val2)-dihydrocyclosporine and their prospect in chronic inflammation. Advances in Inflammation Research 11: 277–291, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF, Wiesinger D, Gubler HU. Effects of the antilymphocytic agent cyclosporin A in chronic inflammation. European Journal of Rheumatological Inflammation 1: 237–241, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Borel JF, Feurer C, Gubler HU, Stahelin H. Biological effect of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent. Agents and Actions 6: 468–475, 1976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borleffs JCC. Cyclosporine as monotherapy for polymyositis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 333–334, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borleffs JCC, Van der Zwan J.C. Cyclosporin in Wegener’s granulomatosis with renal failure. Correspondence. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases 49: 568, 1990

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bos JD. The pathomechanisms of psoriasis; the skin immune system and cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 118: 141–145, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bos, JD, Meinardi MMHM, van Joost Th, Heule F, Powles AV, et al. Use of cyclosporin in psoriasis. Lancet 2: 1500–1502, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bougneres PF, Carel JC, Castano L, Boitard C, Gardin JP, et al. Factors associated with early remission of type I diabetes in children treated with cyclosporine. New England Journal of Medicine 318:663–670, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bougnères P-F, Landais P, Boisson C, Carel J-C, Frament N, et al. Limited duration of remission of insulin dependency in children with recent overt type I diabetes treated with low-dose cyclosporin. Diabetes 39: 1264–1272, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouloux PMG, Wass JAH, Parslow JM, Hendry WF, Besser GM. Effect of cyclosporin A in male autoimmune infertility. Fertility and Sterility 46: 81–85, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke JF, Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RAC. Sweet’s syndrome responding to cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 127: 36–38, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bousema MT, Tank B, Heule F, Naffs B, Stolz E, et al. Placebo-controlled study of psoriasis patients treated topically with a 10% cyclosporine gel. Abstract. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 126–127, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles CA, Gabriel S, Bunch TW, Handwerger BS. Cyclosporine (CsA) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Abstract B12. Arthritis and Rheumatism 30 (Suppl.): S58, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Branthwaite JP, Nicholls A. Cyclosporin and diclofenac interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Correspondence. Lancet 337: 252, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bray GP, Lombard M, Williams R. Effect of withdrawal of cyclosporine treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Abstract 44. Journal of Hepatology 13 (Suppl. 2): S13, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bray GP, Williams R. Immunointervention in primary biliary cirrhosis: an overview. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 293–300, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brayman KL, Armstrong J, Shaw LM, Rosano TG, Tomaszewski JE, et al. Prevention of diabetes in BB rats by intermittent administration of cyclosporine. Surgery 102: 235–241, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges AJ, Burns RP. Acute iritis associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and high-titer anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies. Treatment with combination immunosuppressive therapy. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35: 560–563, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges R, Pineo G, Blahey W. Cyclosporin A for the treatment of aplastic anemia refractory to antithymocyte globulin. American Journal of Hematology 26: 83–87, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brodehl J. The treatment of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: lessons learned from multicentre co-operative studies. European Journal of Pediatrics 150: 380–387, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brodehl J, Brandis M, Helmchen U, Hoyer PF, Burghard R, et al. Cyclosporin A treatment in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmentai glomerulosclerosis. Klinische Wochenschrift 66: 1126–1137, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broekhuyse RM, Kuhlmann ED, van Vugt AHM, Winkens HJ. Immunological and immunopathological aspects of opsin-in-duced uveoretinitis. Graefe’s Archives of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 225: 45–49, 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broyer M, Niaudet P, Habib R. Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin in children. Preliminary results of growth data in long term use. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 325–331, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brynskov J, Binder V, Riis P, Lauritsen K, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell O, et al. Low-dose cyclsporin for Crohn’s disease: implications for clinical trials. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 135–142, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brynskov J, Freund L, Campanini MC, Kampmann JP. Cyclosporin pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral asministration in patients with Crohn’s disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27: 961–967, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brynskov J, Freund L, Nørby Rasmussen S, Lauritsen K, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell O, et al. Final report on a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial of cyclosporin treatment in active chronic Crohn’s disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26: 689–695, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brynskov J, Freund L, Rasmussen SN, Lauritsen K, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell O, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of cyclosporine therapy in active chronic Crohn’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine 321: 845–850, 1989a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brynskov J, Østergaard Thomsen O, Anderson CB, Nørby Rasmussen S, Freund L, et al. Treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis with cyclosporin enemas. Lancet 1: 721–722, 1989b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bucy RP. Alloantigen specific suppressor T cells are not inhibited by cyclosporin A, but do require IL-2 for activation. Journal of Immunology 137: 809–813, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bulengo-Ransby SM, Ellis CN, Griffiths CEM, Cantu-Gonzalez G, Dubin HV, et al. Failure of reticular erythematous mucinosis to respond to cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 825–828, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bunjes D, Hardt C, Rollinghoff M, Wagner H. Cyclosporin A mediates immunosuppression of primary cytotoxic T-cell responses by impairing the release of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2. European Journal of Immunology 11: 657–661, 1981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bunke M, Wilder L, Martin A. Protection of glomerular filtration rate by the thromboxane receptor antagonist L655,240 during low dose cyclosporine administration. Prostaglandins 43; 351–360, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns MK, Ellis CN, Eisen D, Duell E, Griffiths CEM, et al. Intralesional cyclosporine for psoriasis. Relationship of dose, tissue levels, and efficacy. Archives of Dermatology 128: 786–790, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows NP, Russell Jones R. Methotrexate and cyclosporin are of value in the treatment of adult linear IgA disease. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 3: 31–33, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buurman WA, Ruers TJM, Daemen IAJJM, Van der Linden CJ, Groenewegen G. Cyclosporin A inhibits IL-2-driven proliferation of human alloactivated T cells. Journal of Immunology 136: 4035–4039, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callís L, Vila A, Nieto J, Fortuny G. Effect of cyclosporin A on proteinuria in patients with Alport’s syndrome. Pediatric Nephrology 6: 140–144, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron JS, Healy MJR, Adu D, on behalf of the MRC Glomerulonephritis Working Party. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 74: 133–156, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campolmi P, Bonan P, Lotti T, Palleschi GM, Fabbri P, et al. The role of cyclosporine A in the treatment of pemphigus erythematosus. International Journal of Dermatology 30: 890–892, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camps J, Sangro B, Garcia N, Subira ML, Prieto J. Felty’s syndrome: response to cyclosporin A with disappearance of neutrophil autoantibodies. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 34: 253–255, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camsonne R, Troussard X, Le Porrier M, Macro M, Moulin MA. Efficacité de la ciclosporine dans le lupus à manifestation hématologique corticoide-dépendant et résistant à la splénectomie. Presse Médicale 15: 76, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian-European Randomized Control Trial Group. Cyclosporin-induced remission of IDDM after early intervention. Association of 1 yr of cyclosporin treatment with enhanced insulin secretion. Diabetes 37: 1574–1582, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon GW, McCall S, Cole BC, Griffiths MM, Radov LA, et al. Effects of indomethacin, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, and placebo on collagen-induced arthritis of mice. Agents and Actions 29: 315–323, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon GW, McCall S, Cole BC, Griffiths MM, Ward JR. Effects of gold sodium thiomalate, cyclosporin, cyclosphosphamide, and placebo on clooagen-induced arthritis in DA rats. Abstract PO274. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl.): S330, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Canvin JMG, Dalai BI, Baragar F, Johnston JB. Cyclosporin for the treatment of granulocytopenia in Felty’s syndrome. American Journal of Hematology 36: 219–220, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Capodicasa G, De Santo NG, Nuzzi F, Giordano C. Cyclosporin A in nephrotic syndrome of childhood — a 14 month experience. International Journal of Pediatric Nephrology 7: 69–72, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Capone M, Saber S, Muscolo V, Massaro M, Capone A. Cyclosporine A in therapy of refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Abstract 44. British Journal of Rheumatology 31 (Suppl. 2): 130, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Carel J-C, Bougneres P. Low dose cyclosporin A prolongs beta cell function in IDDM children. A 3 year follow up. Abstract 363. Diabetes 41 (Suppl. 1): 100A, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlesen E, Prydz H. Enhancement of procoagulant activity in stimulated mononuclear blood cells and monocytes by cyclosporin. Transplantation 43: 543–548, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carli P, Cattaneo A, Taddei G, Giannotti B. Topical cyclosporine in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosis: clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 128: 1279–1280, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Casato M, Bonomo L, Caccavo D, Giorgi A. Clinical effects of cyclosporin in dermatomyositis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 15: 121–123, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi RR, McAllister CG, Gery I, Nussenblatt RB. Differential effects of cyclosporins A and G on functional activation of a T-helper-lymphocyte line mediating experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Cell Immunology 113: 350–360, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cattran DC. Effect of ciclosporin on active Heymann nephritis. Neprhon 48: 142–148, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cattran DC, Delmore T, Roscoe J, Cole E, Cardella C, et al. A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine 320: 210–215, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chabannes D, Ryffel B, Borel J-F. SRI62–834, a cyclic ether analogue of the phospholipid ET-18-OCH3, displays long-lasting beneficial effect in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Comparison with cyclosporin and (Val2)-dihydrocyclosporin effects in clinical, functional and histological studies. Journal of Autoimmunity 5: 199–211, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan CC, Mochizuki M, Palestine AG, BenEzra D, Gery I, et al. Kinetics of T-lymphocyte subsets in the eyes of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis. Cell Immunology 96: 430–434, 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan CC, Caspi R, Mochizuki M, Diamantstein T, Gery I, et al. Cyclosporin and dexamethasone inhibit T-lymphocyte MHC class II antigens and IL-2 receptor expression in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Immunological Investigations 16: 319–331, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan CC, Palestine AG, Nussenblatt RD. Cyclosporin induced alterations of humoral response in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 25: 867–870, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan GL, Sinnott JT, Emmanuel PJ, Yandle S, Weinstein SS. Drug interactions with cyclosporine: focus on antimicrobial agents. Clinical Transplantation 6: 141–153, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan MK, Cheng IKP. Cyclosporin A in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome with frequent relapses. Postgraduate Medical Journal 63: 757–759, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chase HP, Butler-Simon N, Garg SK, Hayward A, Klingensmith GJ, et al. Cyclosporine A for the treatment of new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 85: 241–245, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chavis PS, Antonios SR, Tabbara KF. Cyclosporine effects on optic nerve and retinal vasculitis in Behcet’s disease. Documenta Ophthalmologica 80: 133–142, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chikkappa G, Pasquale D, Phillips PG, Mangan KF, Tsan MF. Cyclosporin-A for the treatment of pure red cell aplasia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American Journal of Hematology 26: 179–189, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chikkappa G, Pasquale D, Zarrabi MH, Weiler RJ, Divakara M, et al. Cyclosporine and prednisone therapy for pure red cell aplasia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American Journal of Hematology 41: 5–12, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christen R, Morant R, Fehr J. Cyclosporin-A therapy of pure red cell aplasia in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Journal of Haematoiogy 42: 303–307, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christians U, Schlitt HJ, Bleck JS, Schiebel HM, Kownatzki R, et al. Measurement of cyclosporin and 18 metabolites in blood, bile and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 2): 609–613, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christophers E, Krueger GG. Psoriasis. In Fitzpatrick TB, et al. (Eds) Dermatology in general medicine 3rd ed. pp. 461–491, McGraw Hill, New York, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Christophers E, Mrowietz U, Henneicke H-H, Färber L, Welzel D, et al. Cyclosporine in psoriasis: a multicenter dose-finding study in severe plaque psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 26: 86–90, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claßen R, Voigt H. Cyclosporin A-Kontakttherapie des Lichen planus mucosae. Aktuelle Dermatologie 18: 77–80, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke AE, Bitton A, Eappen R, Danoff DS, Esdaile JM. Treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis after renal transplantation is cyclosporine the preferred treatment? Transplantation 50: 1047–1051, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke E, Quinn DG, McCann SR. Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on erythroid and stromal colonies. European Journal of Haematoiogy 47: 282–286, 1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clasen W, Kindler J, Mihatsch MJ, Sieberth HG. Long-term treatment of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin: a control biopsy study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 3: 733–737, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clauw DJ, Alloway JA, Reed C, Katz P. The use of cyclosporin A in the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS). Abstract 59. British Journal of Rheumatology 30 (Suppl. 2): 30, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements PJ, Lachenbruch PA, Sterz MG, Danovitch G, Hawkins R, et al. Cyclosporin in systemic sclerosis. Results of a forty-eight-week open safety study in ten patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism 36: 75–83, 1993

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clinical Study Group for Ciclosporin. Clinical efficacy of ciclosporin in the treatment of psoriasis — multicenter double-blind study. Rinsho Iyaku 7: 618–633, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn ITR, Krupp P. An appraisal of drug interactions with Sandimmun®. Transplantation Proceedings 21: 3845–3850, 1989

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen DJ, Appel GB. Cyclosporine: nephrotoxic effects and guidelines for safe use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Rheumatoid Arthritis 21 (Suppl. 3): 43–48, 1992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coiffier B. Cyclosporine in Feity’s syndrome. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 184, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Study Group of Sandimmun® in Nephrotic Syndrome. Safety and tolerability of cyclosporin A (Sandimmun®) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Clinical Nephrology 35 (Suppl. 1): S48–S60, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly KM, Stecher VJ, Danis E, Pruden DJ, La Brie T. Alteration of interleukin-1 production and the acute phase response following medicationof adjuvant arthritic rats with cyclosporin-A or methotrexate. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 10: 717–728, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Connolly SM, Sander HM. Treatment of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with cyclosporine. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 16: 890, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper DL, Braverman IM, Sarris AH, Durivage HJ, Saidman BH, et al. Cyclosporine treatment of refractory T-cell lymphomas. Cancer 71: 2335–2341, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper KD, Baadsgaard O, Ellis CN, Duell E, Voorhees JJ. Mechanisms of cyclosporine A inhibition of antigen-presenting activity in uninvolved and lesional psoriatic epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 94: 649–656, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper KD, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ, Chan LS, Gupta AK et al. Effects of cyclosporine on immunologic mechanisms in psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 1318–1328, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland KR, Yatscoff RW, McKenna RM. Immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine metabolites compared and characterized by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clinical Chemistry 36: 225–229, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Correia O, Polónia J, Nunes JP, Resende C, Delgado L. Severe acute form of adult dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporine. International Journal of Dermatology 31: 517–519, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan CJ, Brown PH, Barnes NC, Tsai J-J, Frew AJ, et al. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic asthma. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation and comparison of the T lymphocyte inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids and cyclosporin A. American Review of Respiratory Disease 144: 1026–1032, 1991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corvetta A, Pomponio G, Luchetti MM, Danieli G. Cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis. In Bonomo L (Ed.) Cyclosporin in autoimmune diseases, pp. 111–118, Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Rome, 1990

  • Coulson IH, Holden CA. Topical cyclosporin A in alopecia totalis: failure of therapeutic effect due to lack of penetration. Abstract 5. British Journal of Dermatology 121 (Suppl. 34): 53, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox KO, Allison AC, Samcewicz B. Experimental erythrocyte autoimmunity prevented by suppressor T cells in mice treated with cyclosporin-A. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 28: 90–95, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crow LL, Finkle JP, Gammon WR, Woodley DT. Clearing of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 19: 937–942, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crump M, Larratt LM, Maki E, Curtis JE, Minden MD, et al. Treatment of adults with severe aplastic anemia: primary therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and rescue of ATG failures with bone marrow transplantation. American Journal of Medicine 92: 596–602, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunliffe WJ. Pemphigus foliaceus and response to cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 117 (Suppl. 32): 114–116, 1987a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunliffe WJ. Bullous pemphigoid and response to cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 117 (Suppl. 32): 113–114, 1987b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunnah D, Chew S, Wass J. Cyclosporin for central nervous system sarcoidosis. American Journal of Medicine 85: 580–581, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curley RK, Holden CA. Steroid-resistant bullous pemphigoid treated with cyclosporin A. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 16: 68–69, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl M, Chalmers A, Wade J, Calverley D, Munt B. Ten year survival of a patient with advanced pulmonary hypertension and mixed tisssue conective disease treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Journal of Rheumatology 19: 1807–1807, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danko K, Szegedi G. Cyclosporin A treatment of dermatomyositis. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 34: 933–934, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dantzig P. Juvenile dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 310, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Arcy PF. Calcium channel antagonists and cyclosporin metabolism. International Pharmacy Journal 3: 220, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson T, Ryan PFJ, Findeisen JM, Scheinkestel CD. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following cyclosporine A and methotrexate treated rheumatoid arthritis. Correspondence. Journal of Rheumatology 19: 997, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debusscher L, Bitar N, De Maubeuge J, De Conninck G, Stryckmans P. Eosinophilic fasciitis and severe aplastic anemia: favorable response to either antithymocyte globulin or cyclosporine A in blood and skin disorders. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 310–313, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Groen PC, McCallum DK, Moyer TP, Wiesner RH. Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 2): 509–511, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Heer E, Daha MR, van Es LA. The autoimmune response in active Heymann’s nephritis in Lewis rats is regulated by T-lymphocyte subsets. Cell Immunology 92: 254–264, 1985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delfino M, Brunetti B, Fabbrocini G. Topical cyclosporine is ineffective in the treatment of psoriasis. Correspondence. International Journal of Dermatology 31: 895, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • del Pozo E, Elford P, Perrelet R, Graeber M, Casez JP, et al. Prevention of adjuvant arthritis by cyclosporine in rats. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 21 (Suppl. 3): 23–29, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • del Pozo E, Graeber M, Elford P, Payne T. Regression of bone and cartilage loss in adjuvant arthritis rats after treatment with Sandimmune® (cyclosporin A). Arthritis and Rheumatism 33: 247–252, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Prost Y. Atopic dermatitis: recent therapeutic advances. Pediatric Dermatology 9: 386–389, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Rost Y, Bodemer C, Teillac D. Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of local cyclosporine in atopic dermatitis. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 125: 570, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Prost Y, Teillac D, Paquez F, Carrugi L, Bachelez, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of topical cyclosporin in severe alopecia areata. Correspondence. Lancet 2: 803–804, 1986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deray G, Benhmida M, Le Hoang P, Maksud P, Aupetit B, et al. Renal function and blood pressure in patients receiving long-term, low-dose cyclosporine therapy for idiopathic autoimmune uveitis. Annals of Internal Medicine 117: 578–583, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Rie MA, Meinardi MMHM, Bos JD. Lack of efficacy of topical cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 71: 452–454, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeSanto NG, Capodicasa G, Giordano C. Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy unresponsive to methylpred-nisolone and chlorambucil with cyclosporin. American Journal of Nephrology 7: 74–76, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desjardins V, Pelletier G, KiLeung T, Waters D. Successful treatment of severe heart failure caused by idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 8: 788–792, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Smet MD, Rubin BI, Whitcup SM, Lopez JS, Austin HA, et al. Combined use of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in the treatment of endogenous uveitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 113: 687–690, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries J, Baarsma GS, Zaal MJW, Boen-Tan TN, Rothova A, et al. Cyclosporin in the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic uveitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 74: 344–349, 1990

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar R, Gumma M, Hawruk, Krakauer R. Successful treatment of anti-cardiolipin coagulopathy with cyclosporin. Abstract PO480. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S364, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Llopis M, Cervera M, Menezo JL. Cyclosporin-A treatment of Behçets disease — a long-term study. Current Eye Research 9 (Suppl.): 17–23, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkmans BAC, van Rijthoven AWAM, Goei Thè HS, Boers M, Cats A. Cyclosporine in rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 22: 30–36, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Padova FE. Pharmacology of cyclosporine (Sandimmune) V. Pharmacological effects on immune function: in vitro studies. Pharmacological Reviews 41: 373–405, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Doolittle GC, Bodensteiner DC, Skikne BS, Amare M. Therapy of aplastic anemia with sequential antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin. American Journal of Hematology 36: 144–146, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doria A, Di Lenardo L, Vario S, Calligaro A, Vaccaro E, et al. Cyclosporin A in a pregnant patient affected with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology International 12: 77–78, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dos Reis GA, Shevach EM. The effect of cyclosporin A on T cell function in vitro: the mechanism of suppression of T cell proliferation depends on the nature of the T cell stimulus as well as the differentiation state of the responding T cell. Journal of Immunology 129: 2360–2367, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougados M, Amor B. Cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary clinical results of an open trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 30: 83–87, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dougados M, Awada H, Amor B. Cyclosporin in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind, placebo controlled study in 52 patients. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47: 127–133, 1988a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dougados M, Duchesne L, Amor B. Bromocriptine and cyclosporin A combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 31: 1333–1334, 1988b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dougados M, Duchesne L, Awada H, Amor B. Assessment of efficacy and acceptability of low dose cyclosporin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 48:550–556, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drachman DB, Adams RN, McIntosh K, Pestronck A. Treatment of experimental myasthenia gravis with cyclosporin A. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 34: 174–188, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drath DB, Kahan BD. Pulmonary macrophages and polymor-phonuclear leukocyte function in response to immunosup-pressive therapy. Transplantation Proceedings 15 (Suppl. 1): 2367–2372, 1983a

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drath DB, Kahan BD. Alterations in rat pulmonary macrophage function by the immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisolone. Transplantation (Baltimore) 35: 588–592, 1983b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drewe J, Beglinger C, Kissel T. The absorption site of cyclosporin in the human gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 33: 39–43, 1992a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drewe J, Meier R, Vonderscher J, Kiss D, Posanski U, et al. Enhancement of the oral absorption of cyclosporin in man. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34: 60–64, 1992b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drosos AA, Skopouli FN, Costopoulos JS, Papadimitriou CS, Moutsopoulos HM. Cyclosporin A (CyA) in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a double-blind study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45: 732–735, 1986a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Drosos AA, Skopouli FN, Galanopoulou VK, Kitridou RC, Moutsopoulos HM. Cyclosporin A therapy in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: results at one year. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology (Suppl. 61): 246–249, 1986b

  • Dubertret L, Grossman R, Perrussel M, Robbiola O, Abirached J, et al. Low-dose cyclosporin A in psoriasis. Abstract. In Wolff K (Ed). Cyclosporin and the skin. p. 13, Alden Press Oxford, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan JI, Thomson AW, Muir IFK. Topical cyclosporin and T lymphocytes in keloid scars. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 124: 109–114, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dundar S, Demirkazik A. Ciclosporin for refractory aplastic anemia. Acta Haematologica 83: 112, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dündar S, Özdemir O, Özcebe O. Cyclosporin in steroid-resistant auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. Acta Haematologica 86: 200–202, 1991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dupre J, Jenner MR, Mahon JL, Purdon C, Rodger NW, et al. Endocrine-metabolic function in remission-phase IDDM during administration of cyclosporine. Diabetes 40: 598–604, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dupré J, Stiller CR, Gent M, Donner A, von Graffenreid B, et al. Effects of immunosuppression with cyclosporine in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset: the Canadian open study at 44 months. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 184–192, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dürk H, Kötter I, Saal JG. L-Tryptophan associated eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) course and treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA). Abstract 220. British Journal of Rheumatology 31 (Suppl. 2): 218, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Duschet P, Schwarz T, Oppolzer G, Gschnait F. Persistent light reaction. Successful treatment with cyclosporin A. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 68: 176–177, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edefonti A, Ghoi L, Rizzoni G, Rinaldi S, Gusmano R, et al. Cyclosporine (CsA) vs cyclophosphamide (Cyc) for children with frequently relapsing/steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (FR/SDNS): long term study. Abstract FC-III.2. Pediatric Nephrology 6: C97, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisen D, Ellis CN. Topical cyclosporin for oral mucosal disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 1259–1264, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen D, Ellis CN, Duell EA, Griffiths CEM, Voorhees JJ. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus. A double-blind analysis. New England Journal of Medicine 323: 290–294, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen D, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ. Topical cyclosporine for bullous disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 28: 936–937, 1990b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen D, Griffiths CEM, Ellis CN, Nickoloff BJ, Voorhees JJ. Cyclosporin wash for oral lichen planus. Correspondence. Lancet 335: 535–536, 1990c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ejstrup L. Severe dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporin A. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45: 612–614, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elgart G, Stover P, Larson K, Sutter C, Scheibner S, et al. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with cyclosporin: results in seven patients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24: 83–86, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elidan J, Levi H, Cohen E, BenEzra D, Effect of cyclosporine A on the hearing loss in Behçet’s disease. Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology 100: 464–468, 1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elira-Dokekias A, Zik SR, Beguin Y, Fillet G. Monitoring of erythropoiesis by serum transferrin receptor levels in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and pure red cell aplasia treated with ciclosporine. Nouvelle Revue Française d’Hématologie 34: 257–258, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis CN, Fradin MS, Messana JM, Brown MD, Siegel MT, et al. Cyclosporin for plaque-type psoriasis. Results of a multidose, double-blind trial. New England Journal of Medicine 324: 277–284, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis CN, Gorsulowsky DC, Hamilton TA, Billings JK, Brown MD, et al. Cyclosporine improves psoriasis in a double-blind study. Journal of the American Medical Association 256: 3110–3116, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood W, Lötvall JO, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effect of dexamethasone and cyclosporin A on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory cell responses in sensitized Brown-Norway rats. American Review of Respiratory Disease 145: 1289–1294, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood W, Lotvall J, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effects of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone on allergen induced bronchial hyper-responsiveness and inflammatory cell infiltration in sensitised rat airways. Abstract. American Review of Respiratory Disease 143: A627, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmel EA, Verweij CL, Durand DB, Higgins KM, Lacy E, et al. Cyclosporin A specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation. Science 246: 1617–1620, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engst R, Huber J. Ergebnisse einer Cyclosporin-Behandlung bei schwerer, chronischer Psoriasis vulgaris. Hautarzt 40: 486–489, 1989

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enriquez R, Tovar JV, Amoros F, Cabezuelo JB, Gonzalez C. Can ciclosporin A be used without steroids in systemic lupus erythematosus? Nephron 57: 367–368, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Entzian P, Barth J, Mönig H, Ohnhaus EE, Kirch W. Treatment of Weber-Christian panniculitis with cyclosporine A. Correspondence. Rheumatology International 7: 181, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erard F, Corthesy P, Nabholz M, Lowenthal JW, Zaech P, et al. Interleukin 2 is both necessary and sufficient for the growth and differentiation of lectin-stimulated cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors. Journal of Immunology 134: 1644–1562, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erbay B, Karatan O, Duman N, Ertug AE. The effect of cyclosporine in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome resistant to immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 289–292, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Escalante A, Patten BM. Cyclosporin A effective in inflammatory myopathy. Abstract 2. Neurology 36 (Suppl. 1): 237, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrin M, Smith C, Huber S. Coxsackievirus B-3 myocardial T-cell autoimmunity to heart antigens is resistant to cyclosporin-A treatment. American Journal of Pathology 125: 244–251, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Estrin M, Herzum M, Buie C, Huber SA. Immunosuppression in myocarditis. European Heart Journal 8 (Suppl. J): 259–262, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estrin M, Huber S. Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis autoimmunity is L3T4+ T helper cell and IL-2 independent in BA mice. American Journal of Pathology 127: 337–341, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettinger J, Feucht H, Gärtner R, Kotzur J, Schlag R, et al. Cyclosporine A (CyA) for successful treatment of myocarditis. Correspondence. European Heart Journal 7: 452, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fahr A. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and biological activity of cyclosporin (Sandimmun®). Clinical Pharmacokinetics 24: 472–495, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fantini F. Cyclosporin therapy in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still’s disease): an open pilot prospective study. In Bonomo L (Ed.) Cyclosporin in autoimmune diseases, pp. 133–142, Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Rome, 1990

  • Fateh-Moghadam A, Besinger UA, Mraz W. Cyclosporin A. bei Myasthenia gravis. Abstract 565. Klinische Wochenschrift 64 (Suppl. 5): 267, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Favre H, Miescher PA, Huang YP, Chatelanat F, Mihatsch MJ. Ciclosporin in the treatment of lupus nephritis. American Journal of Nephrology 9 (Suppl. 1): 57–60, 1989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fedi MC, Quercetani R, Lotti T. Recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum responsive to cyclosporine. Correspondence. International Journal of Dermatology 32: 119, 1993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feurer C, Chow LH, Borel JF. Preventive and therapeutic effects of cyclosporin and valine2-dihydro-cyclosporine in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Immunology 63: 219–223, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feutren G. Functional consequences and risk factors of chronic cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in type I diabetes trials. Transplantation Proceedings (Suppl. 4): 356–366, 1988

  • Feutren G. The optimal use of cyclosporin A in autoimmune disease. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 183–195, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feutren G, Laburte C, Krupp P. Safety and tolerability of cyelosporin A in psoriasis. In Wolff K (Ed). Cyclosporin and the skin, pp 3–12, Alden Press Oxford, 1992a

    Google Scholar 

  • Feutren G, Mihatsch MJ, International Kidney Biopsy Registry of Cyclosporin in Autoimmune Diseases. Risk factors for cyclosporin-induced nephropathy in patients with autoimmune diseases. New England Journal of Medicine 326: 1654–1660, 1992b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feutren G, Papoz L, Assan R, Vialettes B, Karsenty G, et al. Cyclosporin increases the rate and length of remissions in insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset. Results of a multi-centre double-blind trial. Lancet 2: 119–124, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feutren G, von Graffenried B. Cyclosporin A. Pharmacology and therapeutic use in autoimmune Disease. In Rugstad HE, et al. (Eds) Immunopharmacology in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. pp. 159–173. Plenum Press, New York, 1992

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay A, Salek M, Khan G, Luscombe D, Allen R, et al. Quality of life improvements in cyclosporin treated atopic dermatitis patients — a double blind cross-over study. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 125 (Suppl. 38): 16, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlay JL, Shahidi NY. Cyclosporin A induced remission in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Abstract. Blood 64 (Suppl. 1): 104, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Finzi AF. Cyclosporin in psoriasis: the Italian experience. In Bonomo L (Ed.) Cyclosporin in autoimmune diseases, pp. 27–39, Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Rome, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer G, Wittmann-Liebold B, Lang K, Kiefhaber T, Schmid FX. Cyclosporin and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase are probably identical proteins. Nature 337: 476–478, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fite KV, Pardue S, Bengston L, Hayden D, Smyth JR. Effects of cyclosporine in spontaneous, posterior uveitis. Current Eye Research 5: 787–796, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flechner SM, Katz AR, Rogers AJ, Van Buren C, Kahan BD. The presence of cyclosporine in body tissues and fluids during pregnancy. American Journal of Kidney Disease 5: 60–63, 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flipo R-M, Malaise MG, Cortet B, André B, Duquesnoy B, et al. Cyclosporin A in severe, refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Abstract 227. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S106, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Follath F, Wenk M, Vozeh S, Thiel G, Brunner F, et al. Intravenous cyclosporin kinetics in renal failure. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 34: 638–643, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Formby B, Miller N, Peterson CM. Adoptive immunotherapy of diabetes in autologous nonobese diabetic mice with lymphoid cells ex vivo exposed to cyclosporin plus interleukin 2. Diabetes 37: 1305–1309, 1988a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Formby B, Walker L, Peterson CM. 3H-cyclosporine internalization and secretion by human fetal pancreatic islets. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biological Medicine 189: 72–78, 1988b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fornasa CV, Catalano P. Effect of local applications of ciclosporin in chronic ulcerative lichen planus. Correspondence. Dermatologica 182: 65–67, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Førre Ø. Cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) in rheumatoid arthritis a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Abstract. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 19 (Suppl. 85): 57, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Førre Ø, Bjerkhoel F, Salvesen CF, Berg KJ, Rugstad HE, et al. An open, controlled, randomized comparison of cyclosporine and azathioprine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary report. Arthritis and Rheumatism 30: 88–92, 1987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forrester JV. Uveitis: pathogenesis. Lancet 338: 1498–1501, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier C, Gepner P, Sadouk MB, Charreire J. In vivo beneficial effects of cyclosporin A and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 on the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 54: 53–63, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler PR. A case of cyclosporin neurotoxicity associated with acute hyperaluminaemia. Abstract 1. Australia Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 22: 85, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Fradin MS, Ellis CN, Goldfarb MT, Voorhees JJ. Oral cyclosporine for severe chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 25: 1065–1067, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fradin MS, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ. Management of patients and side effects during cyclosporine therapy for cutaneous disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 1265–1275, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fradin MS, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ. Rapid response of von Zumbusch psoriasis to cyclosporin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 925–926, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francès C, Boisnic S, Etienne S, Szpirglas H. Effect of the local application of cyclosporine A on chronic erosive lichen planus of the oral cavity. Correspondence. Dermatologica 177: 194–195, 1988a

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francès C, Branchet M, Blétry O, Lefevre C, Boisnic S, et al. Skin collagen from scleroderma patients before and after cyclosporin A treatment. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 13: 1–3, 1988b

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel RI, Mita RT, Kim R, Dann FJ. Resolution of type I reaction in multibacillary Hansen’s disease as a result of treatment with cyclosporin. International Journal of Leprosy 60: 8–12, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frassoni F, Bacigalupo A, Piaggio G, Podesta M, Repetto M, et al. Effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the in vitro growth of hemopoietic progenitors from normal marrow. Experimental Hematology 13: 1084–1088, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredane LM, Hashim GA, McCabe RE. The effect of cyclosporin on lymphocyte subsets in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: functional loss of disease-suppressing cells in vivo. Transplantation Proceedings 15 (Suppl. 1): 2909–2913, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman DJ. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine. Clinical Biochemistry 24: 9–14, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frickhofen N, Heit W, Raghavachar A, Porzsolt F, Heimpel H. Treatment of aplastic anemia with cyclosporin A, methylprednisolone, and antithymocyte globulin. Klinische Wochenschrift 64: 1165–1170, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frickhofen N, Kaltwasser JP, Schrezenmeier H, Raghavachar A, Vogt HG, et al. Treatment of aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin and methylprednisolone with or without cyclosporine. New England Journal of Medicine 324: 1297–1304, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich K, Henning H. Cyclosporin A bei aktiver chronischer Hepatitis. Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie bei 20 Patienten. Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 26: 265–270, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fruman DA, Klee BC, Bierer BE, Burakoff SJ. Calcineurin phosphatase activity in T lymphocytes is inhibited by FK506 and cyclosporin A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89: 3686–3690, 1992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujino Y, Okumura A, Nussenblatt RB, Gery I, Mochizuki M. Cyclosporine-induced specific unresponsiveness to retinal soluble antigen in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 46: 234–248, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita M, Iida H, Asaka M, Izumino K, Takata M, et al. Effect of the immunosuppressive agent, ciclosporin, on experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis in rats. Nephron 57: 201–205, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa M, Kawano M, Hisano S, Ueda K, Matsuba K. Efficacy of cyclosporin A for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. European Journal of Pediatrics 149: 441–442, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fullerton SH, Abel EA, Getz K, El-Ramahi K. Cyclosporine treatment of severe recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 127: 1731–1732, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galceran JM, Poveda R, Moreso F, Gonzalez MT, Carreras L, et al. Treatment of adult nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin. Abstract. Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation 7: 1065, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganser G, Spieker C Raidt H, Zidek W, Lison AE, et al. Cyclosporin a bei Dermatomyositis. Praxis 73: 741–743, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia Vela JA, Monteserin MC, Oxa F, Barea LM, Lastra A, et al. Cyclosporine A used as a single drug in the treatment of pure red cell aplasia associated with thymoma. Correspondence. American Journal of Hematology 42: 238–239, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardeazábal J, Arregui MA, Gil N, Landa N, Raton JA, et al. Successful treatment of musk ketone-induced chronic actinic dermatitis with cyclosporine and PU VA. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 838–842, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garioch JJ, Todd P, Thomson J, Kinane DF. Cyclosporin and gingival hyperplasia. Correspondence. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 15: 466, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garipidou V, Tsatalas C, Sinacos Z. Severe neutropenia in a patient with large granular lymphocytosis: prolonged successful control with cyclosporin A. Haematologica 76: 424–425, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garweg J, Böhnke M, Mangold I. Die Behandlung des Goldman-Favre-Syndroms mit Cyclosporin A und Bromocriptin. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 199: 199–205, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gauchat JF, Khandjian LW, Weil R. Cyclosporin prevents induction of interleukin-2 receptor gene in cultured murine thymocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83: 6430–6434, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand EW, Cheung RK, Mills GB. The cyclosporins inhibit lymphocyte activation at more than one site. Journal of Immunology 138: 1115–1120, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gershenfeld HK, Weissman IL. Cloning of a cDNA for a T cellspecific serine protease from a cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Science 232: 854–858, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazi A, Laso-Dosal F. Cyclosporin A and pityriasis rubra pilaris. Correspondence. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70: 181, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilhar A, Pillar T, Etzioni A. Topical cyclosporine in male pattern alopecia. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 251–253, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilhar A, Winterstein G, Golan DT. Topical cyclosporine in psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 18: 378–379, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giménez A, Leyva-Cobian F, Fierro C, Rio M, Bricio T, et al. Effect of cyclosporin A on autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in the Brown Norway rat. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 69: 550–556, 1987

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Girardin E, Dayer JM, Paunier L. Cyclosporine for juvenile dermatomyositis. Correspondence. Journal of Pediatrics 112: 165–166, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gisslinger H, Burghuber OC, Stacher G, Schwarz W, Punzengruber C, et al. Efficacy of cyclosporin A in systemic sclerosis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 9: 383–390, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giunta G, Piazza I. Fatal septicaemia due to Listeria monocytogenes in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving cyclosporin and high prednisone doses. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 40: 197–1099, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gluckman E, Esperou-Bourdeau H, Baruchel A, Boogaerts M, Briere J, et al. Multicenter randomized study comparing cyclosporine-A alone and antithymocyte globulin with prednisone for treatment of severe aplastic anemia. Blood 79: 2540–2546, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Godard Ph, de Faucal H, Bonardet A, Cluzel M, Michel FB. Treatment of human pulmonary sarcoidosis by ciclosporine. Abstract. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 135: A417, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Goei The HS, Jacobs P, Houben H. Cyclosporine in the treatment of intractable polymyositis. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 28: 1436–1437, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg HJ, Wong PY, Cole EH, Levy GA, Skorecki KL. Dissociation betweenthe immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin derivatives and their effects on intracellular calcium signalling in mesangial cells. Transplantation 47: 731–733, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg NS, Ottuso P, Petro J. Cyclosporine for pyoderma gangrenosum. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 91: 91–93, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez LLaven J, Mirullo Tapia E, Delgado Lamas JL, Bernai Eehartea J, Y Grupo Multicentrico Mexicano IOHAC. Efficacy of cyclosporine-A(Cp-A) alone or associated to anabolics(CpA+A)on the treatment of aplastic anemia(AA). Abstract 374. Blood 78 (Suppl. 1): 96a, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman MM, White GM, McCormick A, McCullough J, Weinstein G. Cyclosporine therapy for psoriasis: a cell cycle-derived dosing schedule. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 594–598, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon MY, Singer JW. Selective effects of cyclosporin A on colony-forming lymphoid and myeloid cells in man. Nature 279: 433–434, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb AB, Grossman RM, Khandke L, Carter DM, Sehgal PB, et al. Studies of the effect of cyclosporine in psoriasis in vivo: combined effects on activated T lymphocytes and epidermal regenerative maturation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 98: 302–309, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gould CL, McMannama KG, Bigley NJ, Giron DJ. Virus-induced murine diabetes. Enhancement by immunosuppression. Diabetes 34: 1217–1221, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goulon M, Elkharrat D, Lokiec F, Gajdos P. Results of a one-year open trial of cyclosporine in ten patients with severe myasthenia gravis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 211–217, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gozes Y, Theofilopoulos AN, Park CH, Slack JH, Balderas RS, et al. Effects of cyclosporin-A on in vitro and in vivo Ig and anti-DNA autoantibody production by splenocytes of autoimmune and normal mice. Abstract 1619. Federation Proceedings 41: 547, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Grace AA, Barradas MA, Mikhailidis DP, Jeremy JY, Moorhead JF, et al. Cyclosporin A enhances platelet aggregation. Kidney International 32: 889–895, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granelli-Piperno A, Andrus L, Steinman RM. Lymphokine and non-lymphokine mRNA levels in stimulated human T cells: kinetics, mitogen requirements and effects of cyclosporine A. Journal of Experimental Medicine 163: 922–937, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granelli-Piperno A. Lymphokine gene expression in vivo is inhibited by cyclosporin A. Journal of Experimental Medicine 171: 533–544, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green A, O’Meara Y, Sheehan J, Carmody M, Doyle G, et al. The use of cyclosporin A in adult nephrotic syndrome: nine cases and literature Review. Irish Journal of Medical Science 159: 178–181, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green C, Hawk JLM. Cutaneous malignancy related to cyclosporin A therapy. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 18: 30–31, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grevel J. Optimisation of immunosuppressive therapy using pharmacokinetic principles. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 23: 380–390, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths CEM, Powles AV, McFadden J, Baker BS, Valdimarsson H, et al. Long-term cyclosporin for psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 120: 253–260, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths CEM, Powles AV, Leonard JN, Fry L, Baker BS, et al. Clearance of psoriasis with low dose cyclosporin. British Medical Journal 293: 731–732, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths CEM, Powles AV, Baker BS, Fry L, Valdimarsson H. Combination of cyclosporine A and topical corticosteroid in the treatment of psoriasis. Transplantation Proceedings 3 (Suppl. 4): 50–52, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Grönhagen-Riska C, von Willebrand E, Tikkanen T, Honkanen E, Miettinen A, et al. The effect of cyclosporin A on the interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and the induction of Heymann’s nephritis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 79: 266–272, 1990

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman RM, Delaney RJ, Brinton EA, Carter DM, Gottlieb AB. Hypertriglyceridemia in patients with psoriasis treated with cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 25: 648–651, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gruhn WB, Diaz-Buxo JA. Cyclosporine treatment of steroid resistant interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis/polymyositis. Journal of Rheumatology 14: 1045–1047, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grupo de Estudio de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. El empleo de ciclosporina en nefropatías glomerulares. Datos de 61 enfermos incluidos en el Estudio Cooperativo de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Nefrologia 8 (Suppl. 1): 15–23, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Grupo de Nefrologia Pediatrica de la Sociedad Española de Nefrologia. Ciclosporina en el tratamiento de las glomerulopatias del niño. Encuesta multicentro. Nefrologia 10 (Suppl. 5): 61–66, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Guash A, Newton L, Hall B, Myers BD. Response of membranous nephropathy to cyclosporine. Abstract. Clinical Research 39: 113A, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Guasch A, Suranyi M, Newton L, Hall BM, Myers BD. Shortterm responsiveness of membranous glomerulonephropathy to cyclosporine. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 20: 472–481, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn HC. Successful treatment of autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW) mice with cyclosporin and (Nva2)-cyclosporin: I. Reduction of autoantibodies. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 64: 225–233, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn HC, Hiestand PC. Cyclosporin A and G enhance IgG rheumatoid factor production in MRL/lpr mice. Transplantation Proceedings (Suppl. 4): 238–242, 1988

  • Gunn HC, Hiestand PC, Hanglow AC. Cyclosporin treatment in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Monograph of Allergy 25: 96–107, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn HC, Ryffel B. Glomerulonephritis in NZB/W mice: therapeutic effect of cyclosporin. Clinical Nephrology 25 (Suppl. 1): 189S–192S, 1986a

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn HC, Ryffel B. Successful treatment of autoimmunity in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice with cyclosporin and (Nva2)-cyclosporin: II. Reduction of glomerulonephritis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 64: 234–242, 1986b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Baadsgaard O, Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ, Cooper KD. Lymphocytes and macrophages of the epidermis and dermis in lesional psoriatic skin, but not epidermal Langerhans cells, are depleted by treatment with cyclosporin A. Archives of Dermatological Research 281: 219–226, 1989a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Cooper KD, Nickoloff BJ, Ho VC, et al. Oral cyclosporin for the treatment of alopecia areata. A clinical and immunohistochemical analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 242–250, 1990a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Nickoloff BJ, Goldfarb MT, Ho VC, et al. Oral cyclosporine in the treatment of inflammatory and noninflammatory dermatoses. Archives of Dermatology 126: 339–350, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Fisher GJ, Elder JT, Talwar HS, Esmann J, et al. Topical cyclosporine A inhibits the phorbol ester induced hyperplastic inflammatory response but not protein kinase C activation in mouse epidermis. Journal of Investigational Dermatology 93: 379–386, 1989b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Benet LZ. High-fat meals increase the clearance of cyclosporin, Pharmaceutical Research 7: 46–48, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guslandi M, Tittobello A. Cyclosporin for Crohn’s disease. Drugs 43: 440–442, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakin KN, Ham J, Lightman SL. Use of cyclosporin in the management of steroid dependent non-necrotising scleritis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 75: 340–341, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hakin KN, Pearson RV, Lightman SL. Sympathetic ophthalmia: Visual results with modern immunosuppressive therapy. Eye 6: 453–455, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakola M, Hannonen P. Successful cyclosporin treatment in life-threatening, Hamman-Rich,-type pulmonary fibrosis. Abstract. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 21: 156, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanley DA, Ayer LM, Gundberg CM, Minuk GY. Parameters of calcium metabolism during a pilot study of cyclosporin A in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 14: 282–287, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harding MW, Handschumacher RE, Speicher DW. Isolation and amino acid sequence of cyclophilin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261: 8547–8555, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harland CC, Kilby PE, Dalziel KL. Acrodermatitis continua responding to cyclosporin therapy. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 17: 376–378, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harley N, Ihle B. Wegener’s granulomatosis — use of cyclosporin-A: a case report. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 20: 71–73, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris Jr ED. Rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology and implications for therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 322: 1277–1289, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart HC, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Kerckhaert JAM, Verdel G, Freen M, et al. A patient with a spontaneous factor VIII: C autoantibody: successful treatment with cyclosporine. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 323–328, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartung HP, Schäfer B, Fierz W, Heininger K, Toyka K. V: Ciclosporin A prevents P2 T cell line-mediated experimental autoimmune neuritis (AT-EAN) in rat. Neuroscience Letters 83: 195–200, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harvard CWH, Fonseca V. New treatment approaches to myasthenia gravis. Drugs 39: 66–73, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassman RA, Dieguez C, Rennie DP, Weetman AP, Hall R, et al. The influence of cyclosporin A on the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroid disease in the PVG/c rat. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 59: 10–16, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Havele C, Paetkau V. Cyclosporine blocks the activation of antigen dependent cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly by an IL-2 independent mechanism. Journal of Immunology 140: 3303–3308, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay JE, Wiesner RH, LaRusso NF, Dickson ER. Observations on the natural history and effect of cyclosporin A on metabolic bone status of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A819, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi K, Masuda K, Nakajima A, Kogure M, Yuasa T, et al. Low-dose of ciclosporin treatment for Behçet’s disease with active ocular inflammation. Abstract 47. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 4, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi K, Yamashita H, Nagagawa K, Masuda K. Long-term treatment of severe Behçet’s disease with cyclosporin A. In Lehner and Barnes (Eds) Recent advances in Behçet’s disease. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No. 103, published by Royal Society of Medicine Services Limited. 1986

  • Heckmatt J, Hasson N, Saunders C, Thompson N, Peters AM, et al. Cyclosporin in juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet 1: 1063–1066, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heeg K, Gillis S, Wagner H. IL-4 bypasses the immune suppressive effect of cyclosporin A during the in vitro induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 141: 2330–2334, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hefter H, Sprenger KBG, Arendt G, Hafner D. Treatment of chronic relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy by cyclosporin A and plasma exchange. Journal of Neurology 237: 320–323, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann A, Goldman JM. Effects of cyclosporin A on human granulopoiesis in vitro. Transplantation 30: 386–387, 1980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson B, Staines NA, Burrai I, Cox JH. The antiarthritis and immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine on arthritis induced in the rat by type II collagen. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 57: 51–56, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henricsson S, Lindholm A, Johansson A. Identification of a sulfate conjugate of cyclosporin. Transplantation Proceedings 21: 837–838, 1989

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez R, Torres MD, Campillo JE. Subcutaneous cyclosporin prevents the development of complete Freund’s adjuvant-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat. Diabete & Metabolisme 17: 281–285, 1991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hershko C, Sonnenblick M, Ashkenazi J. Control of steroid-resistant autoimmune haemolytic anaemia by cyclosporine. British Journal of Haematology 76: 436–437, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog CH, Walker CH, Erlich H. Cyclosporin A in aspirin-induced asthma. Abstract 286. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 38, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess AD. Donnenberg AD, Tutschka PJ, Santos GW. Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro. V. Analysis of responding T lymphocyte subpopulations in primary MLR and monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Immunology 130: 717–721, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess AD, Tutschka PJ, Santos GW. Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro: III. CsA inhibits the production of T lymphocyte growth factors in secondary mixed lymphocyte responses but does not inhibit the response of primed lymphocytes to TCGF. Journal of Immunology 128: 355–359, 1982

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess AD, Tutschka PJ. Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro: I. CsA allows the expression of alloantigen-activated suppressor cells while preferentially inhibiting the induction of cytolyte effector lymphocytes in MLR. Journal of Immunology 124: 2601–2608, 1980

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess AD. Effect of interleukin 2 on the immunosuppressive action of cyclosporin. Transplantation 39: 62–68, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heufelder AE, Gorman CA, Bahn RS. Modulation of HLA-DR expression on retroocular fibroblasts from patients with active thyroid-related ophthalmopathy: in vitro effects of agents used in the management of hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology 97: 206–211, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heule H, Schmidli M. Treatment of severe nephrotic syndrome unresponsive to corticoids with cyclosporine A. Abstract. Kidney International 42: 802, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Heule F, van Joost T, Beukers R. Cyclosporin in the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 122: 973–974, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt J, Ormerod AD. Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with cyclosporin. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 17: 264–265, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higa A, Wallace JL. Reduction by cyclosporin and misoprostol of epithelial injury in experimental colitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A636, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins EM, Munro CS, Friedman PS, Marks JM. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of lichen planus. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 125: 1436–1437, 1989a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins E, Munro C, Marks J, Friedmann PS, Shuster S. Relapse rates in moderately severe chronic psoriasis treated with cyclosporin A. British Journal of Dermatology 121: 71–74, 1989b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill JC, Potter P. Treatment of Mooren’s ulcer with cyclosporin A: report of three cases. British Journal of Ophthalmology 71: 11–45, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hill W, Landgraf R. Possible prevention of adriamycin-induced alopecia by tocopherol. New England Journal of Medicine 312: 1060–1061, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichs DJ, Wegmann KW, Peters BA. The influence of cyclosporin A on the development of actively induced and passively transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Cellular Immunology 77: 202–209, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinterberger-Fischer M, Höcker P, Lechner K, Seewann H, Hinterberger W. Oral cyclosporin A is effective treatment for untreated and also for previously immunosuppressed patients with severe bone marrow failure. European Journal of Haematology 43: 136–142, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho VC, Conklin RJ. Effect of topical cyclosporine rinse on oral lichen planus. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 325; 435, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho VC, Griffiths CEM, Ellis CN, Gupta AK, McCuaig CC, et al. Intralesional cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 94–100, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho VC, Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Cooper KD, Nickoloff BJ, et al. Cyclosporine in lamellar ichthyois. Archives of Dermatology 125: 511–514, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho VC, Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Nickoloff BJ, Voorhees JJ. Treatment of severe lichen planus with cyclosporin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 64–68, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson SJ, Pollard JD, McLeod JG. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 53: 327–330, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hojo K, Hiramine C. In vivo effects of cyclosporin A: abrogation of the induction of experimental allergic orchitis and sparing of the generation of suppressor cells. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 78: 63–70, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland EJ, Chan C-C, Kuwabara T, Palestine AG, Rowsey J, et al. Immunohistologic findings and results of treatment with cyclosporine in ligneous conjunctivitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 107: 160–166, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt DW, Fashola TOA, Johnston A. Monitoring cyclosporin: is it still important? Immunology Letters 29: 99–104, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt DW, Johnston A. Cyclosporin monitoring: its role in autoimmune indications. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 177–182, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horn JT, Butler LD, Riedl PE, Bendele AM. The progression of the inflammation in established collagen-induced arthritis can be altered by treatments with immunological or pharmacological agents which inhibit T cell activities. European Journal of Immunology 18: 881–888, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honcharik N, Athone S. Activated charcoal in acute cyclosporin overdose. Lancet 1: 1051, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper PL, Kaplan HJ. Triple agent immunosuppression in serpiginous choroiditis. Ophthalmology 98: 944–952, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoppu K, Koskimies O, Holmberg C, Hirvisalo EL. Evidence for pre-hepatic metabolism of oral cyclosporine in children. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 32: 477–481, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horrocks C, Duncan JI, Oliver AM, Thomson AW. Adhesion molecule expression in psoriatic skin lesions and the influence of cyclosporin A. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 84: 157–162, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horrocks C, Ormerod AD, Duncan JI, Thomson AW. Influence of systemic cyclosporin A on interleukin-2 and epidermal growth factor expression in psoriatic skin lesions. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 78: 166–171, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino H, Sugiyama S, Ohara A, Goto H, Tsukamoto Y, et al. The effects of cyclosporine A on colitis with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A638, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard M, Matis L, Malek TR, Shevach E, Kell W, et al. Interleukin 2 induces antigen-reactive T cell lines to secrete BCGF-1. Journal of Experimental Medicine 158: 2024–2039, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer PF, Brodehl J, Ehrich JHH, Offner G. Practical aspects in the use of cyclosporin in paediatric nephrology. Pediatric Nephrology 5: 630–638, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel M, Kuhn M, Bub A, Bittner H, Kleefeld D, et al. Urodilatin: a new peptide with beneficial effects in the postoperative therapy of cardiac transplant recipients. Clinical Investigator 70: 674–682, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang W-L, Gau J-P, Young J-H, Chia L-G. Ketoconazole and high-dose methylprednisolone predisposing to cyclosporine-induced seizures: report of 3 cases. Acta Haematologica 88: 139–141, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyams JS, Ballow M, Leichtner AM. Cyclosporine treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology 93: 890–893, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ilowite NT, Frances A, Schuval SJ. Histiophagocytic panniculitis: response to cyclosporine (CS). Abstract PO248. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 1): S326, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Inaba K, Granelli-Piperno A, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells induce T lymphocyte to release B cell-stimulating factors by an interleukin 2-dependent mechanism. Journal of Experimental Medicine 158: 2040–2057, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingulli E, Tejani A. Severe hypercholesterolemia inhibits cyclosporin A efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in children with nephrotic syndrome. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3: 254–259, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingulli E, Tejani A, Butt KMH, Rajpoot D, Gonzalez R, et al. High-dose cyclosporine therapy in recurrent nephrotic syndrome following renal transplantation. Transplantation 49: 219–221, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • International Kidney Biopsy Registry of Cyclosporin (Sandimmun®) in Autoimmune Diseases. Renal morphology after cyclosporin A therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients/British Journal of Rheumatology 32 (Suppl. 1): 65–71, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Itin P, Surber C, Büchner S. Lack of effect after local treatment with a new ciclosporin formulation in recalcitrant erosive oral lichen planus. Dermatology 185: 262–265, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itin P, Surber C, Büchner S. Local treatment of oral erosive lichen planus (LP) with a new ciclosporin (CS) formulation. Abstract. Dermatologica 183: 305, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito T, Kimura T, Furukawa M, Yamaguchi H, Nakano I, et al. Effects of cyclosporin A on caerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. Medical and Science Research 19: 585–586, 1991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ittel TH, Fuhs M, Sieberth HG. Efficacy of long-term treatment with cyclosporin A of adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Abstract. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 7: 688, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwakiri R, Nagafuchi S, Kounoue E, Nakano S, Koga T, et al. Cyclosporin A enhances streptozotocin-induced diabetes in CD-1 mice. Experientia 4: 324–327, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janka-Schaub GE, Raghavachar A, Rister M, Belohradsky BM. Treatment of chronic neutropenia of childhood responsive to cyclosporin A in vitro and in vivo. International Journal of Hematology 55: 157–163, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson L, Sandler S. The influence of cyclosporin A on vascular permeability of the pancreatic islets and on diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin in the mouse. Virchows Archiv A-Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology 412: 225–230, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski MA, Jewell LD, Honore L, Mehta JG, Bayens-Simmonds J, et al. Immunosuppression in autoimmune disease: the double-edged sword. Clinical Investigative Medicine 10: 488–495,1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins MK, Schwartz RH, Pardoll DM. Effects of cyclosporine A on T cell development and clonal deletion. Science 241: 1655–1658, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenner M, Bradish G, Stiller C, Atkison P, for the London Diabetes Group. Cyclosporin A treatment of young children with newly-diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 35: 884–888, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen JR, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Zachariae H, Sogaard H. Cyclosporin A therapy for mycosis fungoldes. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 123: 160–163, 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez del Cerro LA, Hernández FR. Effect of pyrazinamide on ciclosporin levels. Nephron 62: 113, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin JY, Yoon SA, Lee JW, Han CW, Min WS, et al. Factors influencing on the clinical outcome of immunomodulation therapy for the patients with aplastic anemia: statistical analysis of 172 cases in St Mary’s hospital in Korea. Korean. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 34: 729–740, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Jing-chen Z, Xiu-ying J. Treatment of severe Mooren’s ulcer with cyclosporin A eyedrops. Chinese Medical Journal 105: 406–409, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Jitsukawa K, Ring J, Weyer U, Kimmig W, Radioff H. Topical cyclosporin in benign familial pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 625–626, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MG, Harris G, Cowing G. Response of murine autoimmune disease to cyclosporin and thiols. Transplantation Proceedings 15 (Suppl. 1): 2904–2908, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MG, Harris G. Prolongation of life in female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice by cyclosporine A. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 59: 1–9, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jones DW, Snaith ML, Isenberg DA. Cyclosporine treatment for intractable polymyositis. Correspondence. Arthritis and Rheumatism 30: 959–960, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jongen PJH, Joosten EMG, Berden JHM, Gabreëls-Festen AAWM. Cyclosporine therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy — a preliminary report of clinical results in two patients. Transplantation Proceedings 20: (Suppl. 4): 329–332, 1988a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jongen PJH, Joosten EMG, Berden JHM, Ter Laak HJ. Cyclosporine therapy in chronic slowly progressive polymyositis — a preliminary report of clinical results in three patients. Transplantation Proceedings 20: (Suppl. 4): 335–339, 1988b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen WL. Rusting of the lock and key model for proteinligand binding, Science 254: 954–955, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahaly G, Schrezenmeir J, Krause U, Schweikert B, Meuer S, Muller W, et al. Ciclosporin and prednisone v. prednisone in treatment of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a controlled, randomized and prospective study. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 16: 415–422, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahan BD. Cyclosporine. New England Journal of Medicine 321: 1725–1738, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahan BD, Shaw LM, Holt DW, Grevel J, Johnston A. A consensus document. Hawk’s Cay meeting on therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine. Clinical Chemistry 36: 1510–1516, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaibara N, Hotokebuchi T, Takagishi K, Katsuki I, Morinaga M, et al. Pathogenetic difference between collagen arthritis and adjuvant arthritis. Journal of Experimental Medicine 158: 1388–1396, 1984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaibara N, Morinaga M, Arita C, Hotokebuchi T, Takagishi K. Serum transfer of collagen arthritis to cyclösporin-treated type, type II collagen-tolerant rats. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 35: 252–260, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaibara N, Hotokebuchi T, Takagishi K, Katsuki I. Paradoxical effects of cyclosporin A on collagen arthritis in rats. Journal of Experimental Medicine 158: 2007–2015, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki T, Otake N, Nagai M. Eruptive lichen planus. Journal of Dermatology 19: 234–237, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kappos L, Patzold U, Dommasch D, Poser S, Hass J, et al. Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis — results of the German multicenter study. Annals of Neurology 23: 56–63, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaswan RL, Kaplan HJ. Comparison of the efficacy of unilateral, bilateraland oral cyclosporine in experimental immunogenic uveitis in rabbits. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 149–157, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaswan RL, Kaplan HJ, Martin CL. Topically applied cyclosporin for modulation of induced immunogenic uveitis in rabbits. American Journal of Veterinary Research 39: 1757–1759, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaswan RL, Salisbury MA. A new perspective on canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Treatment with ophthalmic cyclosporine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 20: 583–613, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaswan RL, Salisbury M-A, Ward DA. Spontaneous canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A useful model for human keratoconjunctivitis sicca: treatment with cyclosporine eye drops. Archives of Ophthalmology 107: 1210–1216, 1989

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kavanagh GM, Ross JS, Black MM. Dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporin. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 84: 306, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kavanagh GM, Ross JS, Cronin E, Smith NP, Black MM. Recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum — two cases successfully treated with cyclosporin A. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 17: 49–52, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kavanaugh AF, Andrew SL, Cooper B, Lawrence EC, Huston DP. Cyclosporin therapy of central nervous system sarcoidosis. Correspondence. American Journal of Medicine 82: 387, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawamukai M, Matsuda H, Fuji R, Utsumi R, Komano T. Nucleotide sequences of fic and fic-1 genes involved in cell filamentation induced by cyclic AMP in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 171: 4525-?, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kelsey PR, Schofield KP, Geary CG. Refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated with cyclosporin. British Journal of Haematology 60: 197–198, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kervick GN, Pflugfelder SC, Haimovici R, Brown H, Rozman E, et al. Paracentral rheumatoid corneal ulceration. Clinical features and cyclosporine therapy. Ophthalmology 99: 80–88, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keys PA, Blume RP. Therapeutic strategies for myasthenia gravis. DICP, Annals of Pharmacotherapy 25: 1101–1108, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalid BAK, Ng ML. Thyroid eye disease — medical or surgical therapy? Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 20: 273–276, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khandke L, Krane JF, Ashinoff R, Staiano-Coico L, Granelli-Piperno A, et al. Cyclosporine in psoriasis treatment. Inhibition of keratinocyte cell-cycle progression in G1 independent of effects on transforming growth factor α/epidermal growth factor receptor pathways. Archives of Dermatology 127: 1172–1179, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kharazmi A, Svenson M, Nielsen H, Birgens HS. Effect of cyclosporin A on human neutrophil and monocyte function. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 21: 585–600, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kida K, Kaino Y, Miyagawa T, Gotoh Y, Matsuda H. Effect of cyclosporin on insulitis and ICSA in NOD mice. In Tarui S, et al. (Eds) Insulitis and type I diabetes: lessons from the NOD mouse, pp. 137–142, Academic Press, New York, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Perfect JR. Infection and cyclosporine. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 11: 677–690, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MK, Chan CC, Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Pharmacologic effects on the expression of class II histocompatibility antigen in experimental endotoxin-induced uveitis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 45: 70–77, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim PK, Mong FC. Long-term result of cyclosporin-A-induced remission of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Abstract 88. Renal Failure 14: 232–233, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim YI, Kawano K, Iwao Y, Shimada T, Kobayashi M. Influences of ciclosporin pretherapy on 90% hepatectomized rats. European Surgical Research 24: 226–233, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King RHM, Craggs RI, Gross MLP, Tompkins C, Thomas PK. Suppression of experimental allergic neuritis by cyclosporin-A. Acta Neuropathologica 59: 262–268, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa T, Tojo S. Long term treatment of frequent relapsing nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin A — a multicenter clinical trial. Abstract P-IIA.39. Pediatric Nephrology 6: C133, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitano Y, Yoshikawa N, Tanaka R, Nakamura H, Ninomiya M, et al. Cyclosporin treatment in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatric Nephrology 4: 474–477, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kitis G, Wright HI, Abu-Elmagd K, Gavaler JS, Fung J, et al. The course of inflammatory bowel disease under FK 506 immunosuppression after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Abstract 587. Hepatology 16: 191 A, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kivistö KT. A review of assay methods for cyclosporin. Clinical implications. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 23: 173–190, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knüsli C, Büchner S, Gudat F, Obrecht J-P. Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with cyclosporin A: case report and literature review. Leukemia and Lymphoma 4: 285–293, 1991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koivisto VA, Leirisalo-Repo M, Pelkonen R, Turunen U, Rapola J, et al. Cyclosporin reduces renal prostanoid excretion in type I diabetic patients. Acta Diabetologica 29: 1–5, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima S, Fukuda M, Miyajima Y, Matsuyama T. Cyclosporine and recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in severe aplastic anemia. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 323: 920–921, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kokui K, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura H, Itoh H. Cyclosporin reduces proteinuria in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis. Journal of Pathology 166: 297–301, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb H, Oschilewski M, Schwab E, Oschilewski U, Kiesel U. Effect of cyclosporine A on low-dose streptozotocin diabetes in mice. Diabetes Research 2: 191–193, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolansky G. Cyclosporine formulary considerations. P&T 17: 494–504, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolars JC, Awni WM, Merion RM, Watkins PB. First-pass metabolism of cyclosporin by the gut. Lancet 338: 1488–1490, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koletsky AJ, Harding MW, Handschumacher RE. Cyclophilin: distribution and variant properties in normal and neoplastic tissues. Journal of Immunology 137: 1054–1059, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koo JY, Kadonaga JN, Wintroub BV, Lozada-Nur FI. The development of B-cell lymphoma in a patient with psoriasis treated with cyclosporine. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 26: 836–840, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korstanje MJ, Bilo HJG, Stoof TJ. Sustained renal function loss in psoriasis patients after withdrawal of low-dose cyclosporin therapy. British Journal of Dermatology 127: 501–504, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korstanje MJ, Van de Staak WJBM. Combination-therapy cyclosporin- A-etretinate for psoriasis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 15: 172–173, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korstanje MJ, Van de Staak WJBM. Cyclosporin maintenance therapy for severe atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 71: 356–357, 1991a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korstanje MJ, Van de Staak WJBM. Long-term treatment of psoriasis with cyclosporin A — side-effects, minimal effective dose and cyclosporin blood levels. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 16: 8–10, 1991b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotake S, Ichiishi A, Kosaka S, Yoshikawa K, Minagawa R, et al. Low dose cyclosporin treatment for ocular lesions of Beh-çet’s disease. In Japanese. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 96: 1290–1294, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kreis W, Budman DR, Shapiro PE. Cyclosporin A (cyclosporine) in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 18: 1138–1139, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krüger K, Schattenkirchner M, Petersen AK, Shand N. Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with cyclosporin A. Abstract 39. British Journal of Rheumatology 31 (Suppl. 2): 128, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruit PJ. Cyclosporine A treatment in four cases with corneal melting syndrome. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 170–172, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Filho MA, Strom TB, Tilney NL. Sparing of suppressor cells: a critical action of cyclosporine. Transplantation 38: 97–101, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kvetny J, Frandsen NE, Johnsen T, Dieperinck H, Mogensen E. Treatment of Graves’ ophthalmopathy with cyclosporin A. Acta Medica Scandinavica 220: 189–191, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon B, Kim G, Prystowsky M, Lancki D, Sabath D, Pan J, et al. Isolation and initial characterization of multiple species of T lymphocyte subset cDNA clones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 84: 2896–2901, 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagente V, Carré C, Boichot E, Kyriacopoulous F, Mencia-Huerta JM, et al. Cyclosporin A inhibits antigen aerosol challenge induced — eosinophil accumulation in lungs from sentisized guinea-pigs. Abstract. American Review of Respiratory Disease 145: A697, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagrue C, Laurent J, Belghiti, Robeva R. Cyclosporin and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Correspondence. Lancet 1: 692–693, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagrue G, Robeva R, Laurent J. Glomérulonéphrite membranoproliférative associée à un syndrome de Buckley traitée par la ciclosporine. Presse Médicale 16: 619–621, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai KN, Lai FM-M, Vallance-Owen J. A short-term controlled trial of cyclosporine A in IgA nephropathy. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 297–303, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lake KD. Management of drug interactions with cyclosporin. Pharmacotherapy 11: 110S–118S, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landewé RBM, Goei The HS, van Rijthoven AWAM, Breedveld FC, Dijkmans BAC. Cyclosporine is effective in early rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary report of a randomized double blind controlled trial. Abstract A226. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S106, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Landewé RBM, Goei The HS, van Rijthoven AWAM, Breedveld FC, Dijkmans BAC. Cyclosporine is effective in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized double blind controlled trial. Abstract 199. British Journal of Rheumatology 32 (Suppl. 1): 102, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Laneuville P. Cyclosporin A induced remission of CD4+ T-CLL associated with eosinophilia and fasciitis. British Journal of Haematology 80: 252–254, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laupacis A, Stiller CR, Gardell C, Keown P, Dupre J, et al. Cyclosporin prevents diabetes in BB Wistar rats. Lancet 1: 10–12, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laver J, Castro-Malaspina H, Kernan NA, Levick J, Evans RL, et al. In vitro interferon-gamma production by cultured T-cells in severe aplastic anaemia: correlation with granulomonopoietic inhibition in patients who respond to anti-thymocyte globulin. British Journal of Haematology 69:. 545–550, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Layton Am, Cunliffe WJ. Clearing of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with cyclosporine. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 535, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarino M, Morra E, Canevari A, Pagnucco G, Orlandi E, et al. Cyclosporine in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and pure red-cell aplasia. Bone Marrow Transplantation 4 (Suppl. 4): 165–167, 1989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CW, Kim HJ. Clinical applications of cyclosporine in autoimmune bullous dermatoses. In Korean. Journal of the Korean Medical Association 34: 441–446, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeksma OC, van der Lelie TJ, van Oers MHJ, von dem Borne AEGKR, Goudsmit R. Effectiveness of low dose cyclosporine in acquired aplastic anaemia with severe neutropenia. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 41: 143–148, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Hoang P, Girard B, Deray G, Le Minh H, De Kozak Y, et al. Cyclosporine in the treatment of birdshot retinochoroidopathy. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 128–130, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leisten JC, Gaarde WA, Scholz W. Interleukin-6 serum levels correlate with footpad swelling in adjuvant-induced arthritic Lewis rats treated with cyclosporin A or indomethacin. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 56: 108–115, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lembro G, Balato N, Patruno C, Ayala F. Influence of topically applied cyclosporin A in various vehicles on patch test reactions. Contact Dermatitis 26: 56–57, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lensmeyer GL, Weibe DA, Carlson IH, Subramanian R. Deposition of nine metabolites of cyclosporin in human tissues, bile, urine and whole blood. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 2): 614–622, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lensmeyer GL, Weibe DA, Carlson IH, Subramanian R. Concentrations of cyclosporin A and its metabolites in human tissues postmortem. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 15: 110–115, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard EM, Raefsky E, Griffith P, Kimball J, Nienhuis AW, et al. Cyclosporine therapy of aplastic anaemia, congenital and acquired red cell aplasia. British Journal of Haematology 72: 278–284, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levell NJ, MacLeod RI, Marks JM. Lack of effect of cyclosporin mouthwash in oral lichen planus. Correspondence. Lancet 337: 796–797, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levell NJ, Marks JM. Clearance of lichen planus with very low dose cyclosporin A. Abstract 15. Skin Pharmacology 5: 200, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Levell NJ, Munro CS, Higgins EM, Marks JM, Friedman PS, et al. The absence of rapid relapse of psoriasis treated with cyclosporin A: a comparison with dithranol. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 127 (Suppl. 40): 18, 1992a

    Google Scholar 

  • Levell NJ, Munro CS, Marks JM. Severe liehen planus clears with very low dose cyclosporin. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 127: 66–67, 1992b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi S, Hodgson HJF. Cyclosporin for dermatomyositis? Annals of Rheumatic Disease 48: 85–86, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine S, Sowinski R. Suppression of the hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by drugs. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie 230: 309–318, 1977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis HM, Powles AV, Garioch JJ, Baker B, Fry L. Six years experience of cyclosporin A in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 127 (Suppl. 40): 18, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Leznoff A, Shea M, Binkley KE, Rootman DS, Rabinovitch T. Cyclosporine in the treatment of nonmicrobial inflammatory ophthalmic disease. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 27: 302–306, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtiger S. Cyclosporin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: open label experience. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 57: 315–319, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtiger S, Present DH. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A653, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtiger S, Present DH. Preliminary report: cyclosporin in treatment of severe active ulcerative colitis. Lancet 336: 16–19, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lie TS. Erfolgreiche Behandlung der chronisch-aktiven Hepatitis mit Cyclosporin-A. Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 126: 693–694, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Lie TS, Preiβinger H. Erfolgreiche Behandlung der primären biliären Zirrhose mit Ciclosporin. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 115: 698–702, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lightman S. Uveitis: management. Lancet 338: 1501–1504, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Like AA, Dirodi V, Thomas S, Guberski DL, Rossini AA. Prevention of diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat with cyclosporin A. American Journal of Pathology 117: 92–97, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lillehoj HS, Malek TR, Shevach EM. Differential effect of cyclosporin A on the expression of T and B lymphocyte activation antigens. Journal of Immunology 133: 244–250, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lillevang ST, Rosenkvist J, Andersen CB, Larsen S, Kemp E, et al. Single and combined effects of the vitamin D analogue KH1060 and cyclosporin A on mercuric-chloride-induced autoimmune disease in the B’N rat. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 88: 301–306, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg A, Odlind B, Tufveson G, Lindström B, Gabrielsson J. The pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in uremic patients. Transplantation Proceedings 18 (Suppl. 5): 144–152, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm A. Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in man. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 13: 465–477, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lingenfelser T, Duerk H, Stevens A, Grossmann T, Knorr M, et al. Generalized myositis in Behçet disease: treatment with cyclosporine. Annals of Internal Medicine 116: 651–653, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linn T, Volkmann A, Germann H, Woehrle M, Bretzel RG, et al. Ciamexon in the low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes of mice. Diabetes Research 6: 113–117, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton R, LaPorte RE, Becker DJ, Dorman JS, Orchard TJ, et al. Cyclosporin therapy for prevention and cure of IDDM. Epidemiological perspective of benefits and risks. Diabetes Care 13: 776–784, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • List AF, GLinsmann-Gibson B, Spier C, Taetle R. In vitro and in vivo response to cyclosporin-A in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): identification of a hypocellular subset responsive to immune suppression. Abstract 103. Blood 80 (Suppl. 1): 28a, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Farmer Jr JD, Lane WS, Friedman J, Weissman I, et al. Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes. Cell 66: 807–815, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liversidge J, Thompson AW, Sewell HF, Forrester JV. EAU in the guinea pig: inhibition of cell-mediated immunity and la antigen expression by cyclosporin A. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 69: 591–600, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liversidge J, Thompson AW, Sewell HF, Forrester JV. Cyclosporine A, experimental autoimmune uveitis, and major histocompatibility class II antigen expression of cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 163–169, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo AJ, Juby LD, Rothwell J, Poole TW, Axon ATR. Longterm treatment of Crohn’s disease with cyclosporine: the effect of a very low dose on maintenance of remission. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 13: 42–45, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Löfberg R, Angelin B, Einarsson K, Gabrielsson N, Öst L. Unsatisfactory effect of cyclosporin A treatment in Crohn’s disease: a report of five cases. Journal of Internal Medicine 226: 157–161, 1989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Logan RA, Camp RDR. Severe atopic eczema: response to oral cyclosporin A. Journal of the Royal Medical Society 81: 417–418, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombard M, Portmann B, Neuberger J, Williams R, Tygstrup N, et al. Cyclosporin A treatment in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a long-term placebo controlled trial. Gastroenterology 104: 519–5526, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorber MI, Paul K, Harding MW, Handschumacher RE, Marks WH. Cyclophilin binding: a receptor-mediated approach to monitoring cyclosporin immunosuppressive activity following organ transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 22: 1240–1244, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lubach D, Kietzmann M. Inhibition of n-hexadecane-induced epidermal hyperplasia due to systemically administered ciclosporin. Arzneimittel-Forschung 41: 137–140, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucey MR, Kolars JC, Merion RM, Campbell DA, Aldrich M, et al. Cyclosporin toxicity at therapeutic blood levels and cytochrome P-450 III A. Lancet 335: 11–15, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lueck CJ, Trend P, Swash M. Cyclosporin in the management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Journal for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 54: 1007–1008, 1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madhok R, Torley HI, Capell HA. A study of the longterm efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine A in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 18: 1485–1489, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddox AM, Kahan BD, Tucker S, Kerman R, Jordan RE. Remission in skin infiltrate of a patient with mycosis fungoides treated with cyclosporin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 12: 952–956, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maher ER, Sweny P, Chappel M, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF. Cyclosporin in the treatment of steroid-responsive and steroidresistant nephrotic syndrome in adults. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 3: 728–732, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahlberg U, Uusitalo H, Uusitalo R, Palkama A, Tallberg T. Suppression of experimental autoimmune uveitis in guinea pigs by ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, corticosteroids, and cyclosporin. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology 3: 199–210, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud HH, Wang WC, Murphy SB. Cyclosporine therapy for advanced Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood 77: 721–725, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahrle G, Schulze H-J. Cyclosporin A — dermatologic indication. Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten 65: 28–39, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahrle G, Schulze H-J, Färber L. Cyclosporin A vs etretinate in the treatment of psoriasis: preliminary results. In Wolff K (Ed) Cyclosporin and the skin. pp. 27–28, Alden Press, Oxford, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Malek TR, Ashwell JD. Interleukin 2 upregulates expression of its receptor on a T cell clone. Journal of Experimental Medicine 161: 1575–1580, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mamprin F, Mullins P, Graham T, Kendall S, Biocine B, et al. Amiodarone-cyclosporine interaction in cardiac transplantation. Correspondence. American Heart Journal 123: 1725, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manca F, Fenoglio D, Kunkil A, Caltabellotta M, Celada F. Effect of cyclosporine on the antigen presenting function of human and murine accessory cells. Transplantation 46 (Suppl.): 40–43, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marin P, Nomdedeu B, Rovira M, Montserrat E, Rozman C. Cyclosporin A versus antilymphocytic globulin in severe aplastic anaemia. Correspondence. British Journal of Haematology 73: 285–286, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mark M, Levitt N, Mayes MD. Cyclosporine A in the treatment of scleroderma. Abstract PO360. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35: S344, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks J. Low-dose cyclosporine A in severe psoriasis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 68–71, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin M, Krichbaum M, Kaever V, Goppelt-Strube M, Resch K. Cyclosporin A suppresses proliferation of renal mesangial cells in culture. Biochemistry and Pharmacology 37: 1083–1088, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin S, Schernthaner G, Nerup J, Gries FA, Koivisto VA, et al. Follow-up of cyclosporin A treatment in type 1 (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus: lack of long-term effects. Diabetologia 34: 429–434, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama K, Tomizawa S, Seki Y, Arai H, Kuroume T. Inhibition of vascular permeability factor production by ciclosporin in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Nephron 62: 27–30, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama K, Tomizawa S, Shimabukuro N, Fukuda T, Johshita H, et al. Effect of supernatants derived from T lymphocyte culture in minimal change nephrotic syndrome on rat kidney capillaries. Nephron 51: 73–76, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason J. Cyclosporins past, present, and future. Transplantation Proceedings 24 (Suppl. 2): 61–63, 1992a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason J. Renal side-effects of cyclosporin A. British Journal of Dermatology 122 (Suppl. 36): 71–77, 1990a

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason J. The effect of cyclosporin on renal function. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 349–354, 1992b

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason J. The pathophysiology of Sandimmune (cyclosporine) in man and animals. Pediatric Nephrology 4: 554–574, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mason J. The pathophysiology of Sandimmune (cyclosporine) in man and animals. Pediatric Nephrology 4: 686–704, 1990c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Massiha N, Tabbara KF. Treatment of Mooren’s ulcer with cyclosporine: report of five cases. Abstract 52. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 6, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Masuda K, Urayama A, Kogure M, Nakajima A, Nakae K, et al. Double-masked trial of cyclosporin versus colchicine and longterm open therapy study of cyclosporin in Behçet’s disease. Lancet 1: 1093–1096, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda K, Urayama A, Nakajima A. Cyclosporin A treatment of Behçet’s disease — a multi-centre double-masked trial. In Lehner and Barnes (Eds) Recent advances in Behçet’s disease. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No. 103, published by Royal Society of Medicine Services Limited, 1986

  • Matis WL, Ellis CN, Griffiths CEM, Lazarus GS. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with cyclosporine. Archives of Dermatology 128: 1060–1064, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumura O, Kawashima Y, Kato S, Sanaka T, Teraoka S, et al. Therapeutic effect of cyclosporine in thrombocytopenia associated with autoimmune disease. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 317–322, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila PS, Ullman KS, Fiering S, Emmel EA, McCutcheon M, et al. The actions of cyclosporin-A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes. EMBO Journal 9: 4425–4431, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mauduit G, Lenvers H, Barthélemy H, Thivolet J. Traitement des pelades sevéres par applications locales de cyclosporin A. Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie 114: 507–510, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maurer G, Lemaire M. Biotransformation and distribution in blood of cyclosporin and its metabolites. Transplantation Proceedings 18 (Suppl. 5): 25–34, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maurer G, Loosli HR, Schreier E, Keller B. Disposition of cyclosporin in several animal species and man. I. Structural elucidation of its metabolites. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 12: 120–126, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McBride JH, Kim SS, Rodgerson DO, Reyes AF, Ota MK. Measurement of cyclosporine by liquid chromatography and three immuoassays in blood from liver, cardiac, and renal transplant recipients. Clinical Chemistry 38: 2300–2306, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy JM, Dubord PJ, Chalmers A, Kassen BO, Rangno KK. Cyclosporine A for the treatment of necrotizing scleritis and corneal melting in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 19: 1358–1361, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCombe PA, van der Kreek SA, Pender M P. The effects of prophylactic cyclosporin A on experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. Induction of relapsing EAN using low dose cyclosporin A. Journal of Neuroimmunology 28: 131–140, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald ML, Ardito T, Marks WH, Kashgarian M, Lorber MI. The effect of cyclosporine administration on the cellular distribution and content of cyclophilin. Transplantation 53: 460–466, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGregor CGA, Oyer PE, Shumway NE. Heart and heart-lung transplantation. Progress in Allergy 38: 346–365, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mclntosh KR, Drachman DB. Properties of suppressor cells induced to acetylcholine receptor using cyclosporin A. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 505: 628–638, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mclntosh KR, Drachman DB. Induction of suppressor cells specific for AChRin experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Science 232: 401–403, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLelland J, Shuster S. Topical ketoconazole does not potentiate oral cyclosporin A in allergic contact dermatitis. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 72: 285, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNally PG, Feehally J. Pathophysiology of cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity: experimental and clinical observations. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation 7: 791–804, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Means Jr RT, Dessypris EN, Krantz SB. Treatment of refractory pure red cell aplasia with cyclosporine A: disappearance of IgG inhibitor associated with clinical response. British Journal of Haematology 78: 114–119, 1991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehregan DR, Su WP. Cyclosporine treatment for dermatomyositis/polmyositis. Cutis 51: 59–61, 1993

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta J, Singhal, Mehta BC. Low-dose cyclosporin for severe aplastic anemia. Correspondence. American Journal of Hematology 40: 73, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meinardi MMHM, Bos JD. Cyclosporine maintenance therapy in psoriasis. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 42–49, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meinardi MMHM, de Rie MA, Bos JD. Oral cyclosporin A is effective in clearing persistent pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70: 77–79, 1990a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meinardi MMHM, van Eendenburg JP, Oosting J, van Boxtel CJ, de Rie MA, et al. Cyclosporin A levels in suction-blister fluid of patients with psoriasis treated systemically. British Journal of Dermatology 122: 671–676, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meinardi MMHM, Westerhof W, Bos JD. Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) responding to cyclosporin A. British Journal of Dermatology 116: 269–270, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melocoton TL, Kamil ES, Cohen AH, Fine RN. Long-term cyclosporine A treatment of steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 18: 583–588,1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melvin T, Bennett W. Management of nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Drugs 42: 30–51, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menter A, Barker JNWN. Psoriasis in practice. Lancet 338: 231, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Lehnert H, Schrier RW. Cyclosporin a enhanced vasopressin-induced Ca2+ mobilization and contraction in mesangial cells. Kidney International 34: 89–97, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merle C, Blanc D, Zultak M, van Landuyt H, Drobacheflf C, et al. Intractable epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: efficacy of ciclosporin A. Dermatologica 181: 44–47, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyrier A, Condamin M-C, Broneer D, Collaborative Group of the French Society of Nephrology. Treatment of adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin A: minimal-change disease and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clinical Nephrology 35 (Suppl.): 37–42, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyrier A, Simon P, Perret G, Condamin-Meyrier M-C. Remission of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome after treatment with cyclosporin A. British Medical Journal 292: 789–792, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Miescher PA, Favre H, Chatelanat F, Mihatsch MJ. Combined steroid-cyclosporin treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases. Clinical results and assessment of nephrotoxicity by renal biopsies. Klinische Wochenschrift 65: 727–736, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch MJ, Helmchen U, Casanova P, Habib R, Larsen S, et al. Kidney biopsy findings in cyclosporine-treated patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Klinische Wochenschrift 69: 354–359, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch MJ, Thiel G, Ryffel B. Hazards of cyclosporin A therapy and recommendation for its use. Journal of Autoimmunity 1: 533–543, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch MJ, Thiel G, Ryffel B. Renal side-effects of cyclosporin A with special reference to autoimmune diseases. British Journal of Dermatology 122 (Suppl. 36): 101–115, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Millane TA, Jennison SH, Mann JM, Holt DW, McKenna WJ, et al. Myocardial magnesium depletion associated with prolonged hypomagnesemia: a longitudinal study in heart transplant recipients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20: 806–812, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RA, Shen J-Y, Rea TH, Harnisch JP. Treatment of chronic erythema nodosum leprosum with cyclosporine A produces clinical and immunohistologic remission. International Journal of Leprosy 55: 441–449, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minuk GY. Cyclosporin A in nontransplant-related liver disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: 1345–1350, 1989

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minuk GY, Böhme CE, Burgess E, Hershfield NB, Kelly JK, et al. Pilot study of cyclosporin A in patients with symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 95: 1356–1363, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Misteli C, Rey E, Pons G, Richard MO, d’Athis Ph, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporin A in diabetic children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 38: 181–184, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mistilis SP, Vickers CR, Darroch MH, McCarthy SW. Cyclosporin, a new treatment for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Medical Journal of Australia 143: 463–465, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell IC, Turk JL. Effect of the immune modulating agents cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin A on an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease. Gut 31: 674–678, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mizoguchi M, Kawaguchi K, Oshuga Y, Ikari Y, Yanagawa A, et al. Cyclosporin ointment for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Correspondence. Lancet 339: 1120, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno K, Furuhashi Y, Misawa T, Iwata M, Kawai M, et al. Modulation of multidrug resistance by immunosuppressive agents: cyclosporin analogues, FK506 and mizoribine. Anticancer Research 12: 21–26, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki M, Kawashima H. Effects of FK506, 15-deoxyspergualin, and cyclosporine on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the rat. Autoimmunity 8: 37–41, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki M, Fujino Y, Okumura A. Antigen-specific suppressor cells induced by cyclosporine. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 162, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki M, Nussenblatt RB, Kuwabara T, Gery I. Effects of cyclosporine and other immunosuppressive drugs on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 26: 226–232, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada E, Subira ML, Oleaga A, Goñi F, Sánchez-Ibarrola A, et al. Insulin requirements and residual beta-cell function 12 months after concluding immunotherapy in type I diabetic patients treated with combined azathioprine and thymostimulin administration for one year. Journal of Autoimmunity 3: 625–638, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monrad ES, Matsumori A, Murphy JC, Fox JG, Crumpacker CS, et al. Therapy with cyclosporine in experimental murine myocarditis with encephalomyocarditis virus. Circulation 7: 1058–1064, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moolman JA, Bardin PG, Rossouw DJ, Joubert JR. Cyclosporin as a treatment for interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology. Thorax 46: 592–595, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moore MAS, Castro-Malaspina H. Immunosuppression in aplastic anemia — postponing the inevitable? Editorial. New England Journal of Medicine 324: 1358–1360, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori Y, Suko M, Okudaira H, Matsuba I, Tsuruoka A, et al. Preventive effects of cyclosporin on diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetologia 29: 244–247, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morley J. Cyclosporin A in asthma therapy: a pharmacological rationale. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 265–269, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris RG, Saccoia NC, Ryall RG, Peacock MK, Sallustio BC. Specific enzyme-multiplied immunoassay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay for cyclosporin compared with Cyclotrac [125I]radioimmunoassay. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 14: 226–233, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mortensen SA, Baandrup U, Buch J, Bendtzen K, Hvid-Jacobsen K. Immunosuppressive therapy of biopsy proven myocarditis: experiences with corticosteroids and ciclosporin. International Journal of Immunotherapy 1: 35–45, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Morvay M, Török L, Dobozy A. Relapsing polychondritis: no effect of cyclosporin A. Correspondence. European Journal of Dermatology 3: 155–157, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Motley RJ, Whittaker JA, Holt PJA. Resolution of atopic dermatitis in a patient treated with cyclosporin. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 14: 243–244, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mountz JD, Smith HR, Wilder RL, Reeves JP, Steinberg AD. CS-A therapy in MRL-lpr/lpr mice: amelioration of immunopathology despite autoantibody production. Journal of Immunology 138: 157–163, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mowry JA, Marik J, Cohen A, Ettenger RB. Treatment of recurrent focal segmental glomerular sclerosis with plasma exchange (PE) and high dose cyclosporine (CssA). Abstract P-IIA.32. Pediatric Nephrology 6: C132, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Mozzanica N, Cattaneo A, Legori A, Pigatto P, Finzi AF. Immunohistologic evaluation of the effect of cyclosporine treatment on the lichen planus immune infiltrate. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24: 550–554, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mrowietz U. The enigma of cyclosporin A treatment for psoriasis: systemic efficacy versus topical non-responsiveness. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 72: 321–326, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mrowietz U, Christophers E. Clearing of pyoderma gangrenosum by intralesional cyclosporin A. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 125: 499, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mrowietz U, Färber L, Bachmann H, Christophers E. Hypertriglyceridemia in patients with psoriasis treated with cyclosporine. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 491–492, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller W, Herrmann B. Cyclosporin A for psoriasis. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 301: 555, 1979

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müftüoglu AÜ, Pazarli H, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Ülkü BY, et al. Short term cyclosporin A treatment of Behçet’s disease. British Journal of Ophthalmology 71: 387–390, 1987

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Annals of Neurology 27: 591–605, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munro CS, Higgins EM, Marks JM, Daly BM, Friedmann PS, et al. Cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis: therapeutic response is dissociated from effects on allergic reactions. British Journal of Dermatology 124: 43–48, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munro C, Levell N, Friedmann P, Shuster S. Low dose or intermittent cyclosporin maintains remission in atopic eczema. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 127 (Suppl. 40): 13–14, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Murayama T, Imoto S, Takahashi T, Ito M, Matozaki S, et al. Successful treatment of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia with cyclosporin A. Cancer 69: 2567–2570, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Musto P, Caseavilla N, Di Renzo N, Ladogana S, La Sala A, et al. Effective treatment with cyclosporin A in amegacaryocytic purpura followed by ischemic complications. Correspondence. Haematologica 75: 401–402, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagai Y, Miyakoshi H, Ohsawa K, Ieki Y, Takamura T, et al. Cyclosporine A inhibits the secretion of certain anterior pituitary hormones in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Endocrinologia Japonica 39: 129–132, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamatsu T, Kojima N, Kondo N, Hattori T, Kojima R, et al. Suppression by cyclosporin A of anti-GBM nephritis in rats. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 58: 27–36, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa T, Hirano T, Nakagawa N, Yoshizaki K, Kishimoto T. Effect of recombinant IL-2 and gamma-IFN on proliferation and differentiation of human B cells. Journal of Immunology 134: 959–966, 1985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano R, Hasegawa T, Tanaka K, Tanaka M, Miyatake T. A patient with acute dermatomyositis successfully treated with ciclosporin. In Japanese. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 26: 1076–1079, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakao S, Masaoka H, Shiobara S, Mori T, Matsuda T. Dramatic improvement of pure red cell aplasia refractory to combined cyclosporine and prednisolone therapy induced by prednisolone dose escalation. Corespondence. British Journal of Haematology 79: 520–521, 1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakao S, Yamaguchi M, Shiobara S, Yokoi T, Miyawaki T, et al. Interferon-7 gene expression in unstimulated bone marrow mononuclear cells predicts a good response to cyclosporine therapy in aplastic anemia. Blood 79: 2532–2535, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayasu H, Ota K, Tanaka H, Irie H, Takahashi K. Suppression of experimental allergic neuritis by cyclosporin A. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 540: 546–548, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayasu H, Ota K, Tanaka H, Irie H, Takahashi K. Suppression of actively induced and passively transferred experimental allergic neuritis by cyclosporin A. Journal of Neuroimmunology 26: 219–227, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narita M, Kobayashi M, Yamagata K, Ishida K, Yamaguchi N, et al. A vascular permeability factor produced by human T cell hybridoma. The glomerular permeability factor is a T cell lymphocyte product. Abstract. 11th International Congress of Nephrology, Tokyo, p. 40A, 1990

  • Neild GH, Ivory K, Hiramatsu M, Williams DG. Cyclosporine A inhibits acute serum sickness nephritis in rabbits. Clinical and Experimental Immunology52: 586–593, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Neild GH, Ivory K, Williams DG. Effect of cyclosporin on proteinuria in chronic serum sickness in rats. Clinical Nephrology 25 (Suppl. 1): 186S–188S, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Neild GH, Ivory K, Williams DG. Severe systemic vascular necrosis in cyclosporin-treated rabbits with acute serum sickness. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 65: 731–743, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Neira L, Vermylen C, Ninane J, Doyen C, Cornu G. Cyclosporine A in five children with severe aplastic anemia. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 7: 89–98, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhaus TJ, Burger HR, Klingler M, Fanconi A, Leumann EP. Long-term low-dose cyclosporin-A in steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome of childhood. European Journal of Pediatrics 151: 775–778, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niaudet P, Broyer M, Habib R. Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin A in children. Clinical Nephrology 35 (Suppl.): S31–S36, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niaudet P for the French Society of Pediatrie Nephrology. Ciclosporine (CSa) and steroid resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in childhood. Abstract S-6.2. Pediatrie Nephrology 6: C47, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Niaudet P, French Society of Paediatric Nephrology. Comparison of cyclosporin and chlorambucil in the treatment of steroiddependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Pediatrie Nephrology 6: 1–3, 1992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls S, Dawnay A, Williams CB, MacDonald TT, Walker-Smith JA. Role of cyclosporin A as an initial therapy for childhood Crohn’s disease. Abstract T192. Gut 34 (Suppl.): S49, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas JF, Cozon G, Revillard JP. Some viral infections and related disorders associated with long-term immunosuppressive treatments. Journal of Autoimmunity 1: 559–573, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen OH, Bukhave K, Ahnfelt-Ronne I, Elmgreen J. Arachidonic acid metabolism in human neutrophils: lack of effect of cyclosporine A. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 8: 419–426, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimaki T, Matsuzaki H, Sato Y, Kondo Y, Kasukawa R. Cyclosporin for inflammatory pseudotumour. Internal Medicine 31: 404–406, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nordmann JP, de Kozak Y, le Hoang P, Faure JP. Cyclosporine therapy of guinea-pig autoimmune uveoretinitis induced with autologous retina. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology 2: 325–333, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nozue T, Kobayashi A, Kodama T, Uemasu F, Endoh H, et al. Pathogenesis of cyclosporine-induced hypomagnesemia. Journal of Pediatrics 120: 638–640, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG. Ciclosporin (Sandimmune®) therpay: experience in the treatment of pars planitis and present therapeutic guidelines. Developments in Ophthalmology 23: 177–184, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Salinas-Carmona M, Waksman BH, Gery I. Cyclosporin A: alterations of the cellular immune response in S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 70: 289–294, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Dinning WG, Fujikawa LS, Chan CC, Palestine AG. Local cyclosporine therapy for experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats. Archives of Ophthalmology 103: 1559–1562, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC, Stevens Jr G, Mellow SD, et al. Randomized, double-masked study of cyclosporine compared to prednisolone in the treatment of endogenous uveitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 112: 138–146, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Rodrigues MM, Salinas-Carmona MC, Gery I, Cevario S, et al. Modulation of experimental autoimmune uveitis with cyclosporin A. Archives of Ophthalmology 100: 1146–1149, 1982

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Gunn HC, Ryffel B, Borel JF. Experimental autoimmunity. Progress in Allergy 38: 159–180, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Rodriguez MM, Wacker WB, Cevario SJ, Salinas-Carmona MC. Cyclosporin A: Inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. Journal of Clinical Investigation 67: 1228–1231, 1981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nussenblatt RB, Scher I. Effects of cyclosporin on T-cell subsets in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 26: 10–14, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg-Hansen R, Gjerstad L. Myasthenia gravis treated with ciclosporin. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 77: 307–313, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell JB, Reap EA, Robinson JA. The effects of cyclosporine on acute murine Cocksackie B3 myocarditis. Circulation 73: 353–359, 1986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell B, Powell FC. Cyclosporine treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. Abstract. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24: 141–142, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe SJ, Tamura J, Kincaid RL, Tocci MJ, O’Neill EA. FK-506- and CsA-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promotor by calcineurin. Nature 357, 692–694, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okudaira H, Terada E, Okudaira K. Animal models utilised in the research of autoimmune disease control: experimental therapy of glomerulonephritis in NZB/W F1 mice. Progress in Clinical Biological Research 229: 157–174, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver GF, Winkelmann RK. Treatment of lichen planus. Drugs 45: 56–65, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Regan S, Murphy GF, Robitaille P, Russo P, Klassen J. Decreased hospitalization and increased height velocity in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis responsive to ciclosporin A. Child Nephrology and Urology 11: 185–189, 1991

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ormerod AD, Clark LJ. Relapsing polychondritis — treatment with cyclosporin A. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 127: 300, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ormerod AD, Duncan J, Stankler L. Benign familial pemphigus responsive to cyclosporin, a possible role for cellular immunity in pathogenesis. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 124: 299–300, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orosz CG, Roopenian DC, Widmer MB, Bach FH. Analysis of cloned T cell function. II. Differential blockade of various cloned T cell functions by cyclosporin. Transplantation 36: 706–711, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orosz CG, Fidelus RK, Roopenian DC, Widmer MB, Ferguson RM, et al. Analysis of cloned T cell function. I. Dissection of cloned T cell proliferative responses using cyclosporin A. Journal of Immunology 129: 1865–1868, 1982

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orosz CG, Adams PW, Ferguson RM. Frequency of human alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. III. Evidence that CS has an inhibitory effect on human CTL and CTL precursors, independent of CsA-mediated helper T cell dysfunction. Transplantation 46 (Suppl.): 73–79, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Østensen M, Høyeraal HM, Kåss E. Tolerance of cyclosporine A in children with refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 15: 1536–1538, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ostlere LS, Harris D, Rustin MHA. Urticated annular erythema: a new manifestation of Sjögren’s syndrome. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 18: 50–51, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oyama Y, Amano T, Hirakawa S, Hironaka K, Suzuki S, et al. Haemophagocytic syndrome treated with cyclosporin A: a T cell disorder? British Journal of Haematology 73: 276–278, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oyonarte S, Botella MC, Martín A, Maldonado J. Ciclosporina y púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática refractaria. Posible alternativa terapéutica. Medicina Clinica 88: 741–742, 1987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Özyazgan Y, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Tüzün B, Îsçimen A, et al. Low dose cyclosporin A versus pulsed cyclophosphamide in Behçet’s syndrome: a single masked trial. British Journal of Ophthalmology 76: 241–243, 1992

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pahlitzsch Th, Wyrobisch W, Kämpe Ch, Wiederholt M. Therapie der okulären Form des Morbus Behçet mit Cyclosporin A. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 196: 466–469, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios R. Cyclosporin A inhibits the proliferative response and the generation of helper suppressor and cytotoxic T-cell functions in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Cell Immunology 61: 453–462, 1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palestine AG, Austin III HA, Balow JE, Antonovych TT, Sabnis SG, et al. Renal histiopathologic alterations in patients treated with cyclosporine for uveitis. New England Journal of Medicine 314: 1293–1298, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palestine AG, Nussenblatt RB, Chan CC. Cyclosporin penetration into the anterior chamber and cerebrospinal fluid. American Journal of Ophthalmology 99: 210–211, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palestine AG, Nussenblatt RB, Gelata M. Therapy for human autoimmune uveitis with low-dose cyclosporin plus bromocriptine. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 131–135, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palimeris G, Theodossiades G, Constantinidou B, Chimonidou E. The macula in the Adamantiades-Behçet disease. Journal of French Ophthalmology 12: 887–890, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panayi GS, Tugwell P. An international consensus report: the use of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Rheumatology 32 (Suppl. 1): 1–3, 1993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papoz L, Lenegre F, Hors J, Assan R, Vague P, et al. Probability of remission in individual in early adult insulin dependent diabetic patients. Results from the cyclosporin diabetes French study group. Diabete et Metabolisme 16: 303–310, 1990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardue SL, Fite KV, Bengston L, Lamont SJ, Boyle ML, et al. Enhanced integumental and ocular amelanosis following the termination of cyclosporine administration. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 88: 758–761, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park CW, Han CH, Kim CC, Kim DJ, Kim HK. Immunomodulation therapy for severe aplastic anemia. ALG versus ALG plus cyclosporin A. Korean Journal of International Medicine 4: 28–33, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parodi A, Rebora A. Topical cyclosporin in alopecia areata. Archives of Dermatology 132: 165, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paroli M, Franco A, Santilio I, Balsano C, Levrero M, et al. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis occurring with or without circulating antibodies against hepatitis C virus. International Journal of Immunotherapy 8: 135–140, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Parrott NR, Taylor RMR, Venables CW, Record CO. Treatment of Crohn’s disease in relapse with cyclosporin A. British Journal of Surgery 75: 1185–1188, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pastor E, Sayas MJ. Severe neutropenia associated with large granular lymphocyte lymphocytosis: successful control with cyclosporin A. Blut 59: 501–502, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen EB, Sørensen SS, Eiskjaer H, Skovbon H, Thomsen K. Interaction between cyclosporine and felodipine in renal transplant recipients. Kidney International 41 (Suppl. 36): S82–S86, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Pei Y, Katz A, Zaltzman J, Cattran D, Schachter R, et al. Morphometric abnormalities of renal structures in psoriatic patients treated with chronic low-dose cyclosporin (LDCYA). Abstract 614. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 15: (Suppl. 4): A100, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltekian KM, Williams CN, MacDonald AS, Roy P, Czolpinska E. Open study of cyclosporin A (CyA) in Crohn’s disease (CD). Abstract. Gastroenterology 92: 1571, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter RU, Ruzicka T. Cyclosporin A in der Therapie entzündlicher Dermatosen. Hauterzt 43: 687–694, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peter RU, Ruzicka T, Eckert F. Low-dose cyclosporine A in the treatment of disabling morphea. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 127: 1420–1421, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peters AM, Heckmatt JZ, Hasson N, Henderson BL, El Leleigy D, et al. Renal haemodynamics of cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Clinical Science 81:153–159, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson JW, Nishizawa S, Hackett JD, Bun T, Teramura A, et al. Cyclosporine A reduces cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs. Stroke 21: 133–137, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petersen CS, Menné T. Cyclosporin A responsive chronic severe vesicular hand eczema. Correspondence. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 72: 436–437, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petzelbauer P, Hönigsmann H, Langer K, Anegg B, Strohal R, et al. Cyclosporin A in combination with photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 123: 641–647, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petzelbauer P, Stingl G, Wolff K, Volc-Platzer B. Cyclosporin A suppresses ICAM-1 expression by papillary endothelium in healing psoriatic plaques. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 96: 362–369, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeilschifter J. Cyclosporin A augments vasoconstrictor induced rise in intracellular free calcium in rat renal mesangial cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 37: 4205–4210, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeilschifter J, Ruegg UT. Cyclosporin A augments angiotensin II-stimulated rise in intracellular free calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochemistry Journal 248: 883–887, 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfliegler G, Boda Z, Hórsfalvi J, Flóra-Nagy M, Sári B, et al. Cyclosporin treatment of a woman with acquired haemophilia due to factor VIH: Cinhibitor. Postgraduate Medical Journal 65: 400–402, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Picascia DD, Garden JM, Freinkel RK, Roenigk Jr HH. Resistant severe psoriasis controlled with systemic cyclosporine therapy. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 58–62, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pigatto PD, Chiappino G, Bigardi A, Mozzanica N, Finzi AF. Cyclosporin A for treatment of severe lichen planus. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 122: 121–123, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pincus T. The paradox of effective therapies but poor long-term outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 21 (Suppl. 3): 2–15, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pistoia V, Buoncompagni A, Alpigiani MG, Scribanis R, Fasce L, et al. Treatment of corticosteroid-refractory juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) with cyclosporin A (CYA). Abstract 25. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 11: 106, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Pivnik AV, Idelson LI, Kravchenko SK, et al. Use of cyclosporin-A in partial red cell aplasia of the bone marrow and aplastic anaemia. In Russian. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 64: 74–77, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Planagumà M, Puig L, Alomar A, Matias-Guiu X, de Moragas JM. Pyoderma gangrenosum in association with erythema elevatum diutinum: report of two cases. Cutis 49: 201–206, 1992

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pogglitsch H, Warnkro² H, Weinrauch V, Winkler HM. Erfolgreiche Behandlung einer autoimmun-hämolytischen Anämie mit Cyclosporin A. Weiner Medizinische Wochenschrift: 567–570, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Polman CH, Matthaei I, de Groot CJA, Koetsier JC, Sminia T, et al. Low-dose cyclosporin A induces relapsing remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Journal of Neuroimmunology 17: 209–216, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ponticelli C. Treatment of the nephrotic syndrome with cyclosporin A. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 315–324, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porcile G. Polimyositis associated to breast cancer treatment by association of cyclosporin A plus steroid. Abstract 582. Annals of Oncology 3 (Suppl. 5): 151, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Porwit A, Panayotides P, Mansson E, Ösby E, Hast R, et al. Cyclosporin A treatment in 4 cases of aplastic anemia. Blut 54: 73–78, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Povlsen JV, Moller BK, Christiansen BS, Petersen CM. Cyclosporin A mediated immunosuppression in vitro: effect on high affinity interleukin-2 receptor expression and turnover. Tissue Antigens 33: 4–14, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powles AV, Baker BS, McFadden J, Rutman AJ, Griffiths CEM, et al. Intralesional injection of cyclosporin in psoriasis. Correspondence. Lancet 1:537, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powles AV, Cook T, Hulme B, Baker BS, Lewis HM, et al. Renal function and biopsy findings after 5 years’ treatment with lowdose cyclosporin for psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 128: 159–165, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pozzilli P, Marozzi G, Pisano L, Lucentini L, Crinò A, et al. A. multicenter randomised control trial of nicotinamide vs nicotinamide + cyclosporin in IDDM at diagnosis. Abstract Wl-P21. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 14 (Suppl. 1): S61, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Present DH, Lichtiger S. The efficacy of cyclosporine in the treatment of the fistula of Crohn’s disease. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A680, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince HE, John JK. Cyclosporin inhibits the expression of receptors for interleukin 2 and transferrin on mitogen-activated human T lymphocytes. Immunological Investigations 15: 463–472, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prummel MF, Mourits MPh, Berghout A, Krenning EP, van der Gaag R, et al. Prednisone and cyclosporin in the treatment of severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy. New England Journal of Medicine 321: 1353–1359, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pugh MT, Collins NA, Rai A, Hollinrake K, Coppock JS. A case of adult dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporin A. Correspondence. British Journal of Rheumatology 31: 855–860, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quentin CD, Vogel M. Ciclosporin-Behandlung bei Uveitis. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 188: 248–250, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quérin S, Schürch W, Beaulieu R. Ciclosporin in Goodpasture’s syndrome. Nephron 60: 355–359, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radeke HH, Christians U, Sewing K-F, Resch K. The synergistic immunosuppressive potential of cyclosporin metabolite combinations. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 14: 595–604, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavachar A. Pure red cell aplasia: review of treatment and proposal for a treatment strategy. Blut 61: 47–51, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavachar A, Heimpel H. Cyclosporine A treatment in seven cases of pure red cell aplasia. Abstract. Blut 59: 349, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavachar A, Schrezenmeier H, Schiander M, Gratwohl, Pineo G, et al. A retrospective study on cyclosporin A (CSA) treatment in 334 patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Abstract 309. Annals of Hematology 65 (Suppl.): A107, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralph P, Jeong G, Weite K, Mertelsmann R, Rabin H, et al. Stimulation of immunoglobulin secretion in human B lymphocytes as a direct effect of high concentrations of IL2. Journal of Immunology 133: 2442–2445, 1984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramon D, Betlloch I Jimenez A, Botella R, Castells A, et al. Remission of Sézary’s syndrome with cyclosporin A. Mild capillary leak syndrome as an unusual side effect. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 66: 80–82, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ranzi T, Campanini MC, Quarto di Palo F, Velio P, Bianchi PA. Cyclosporin A in Crohn’s disease. Current Therapeutic Research 45: 245–252, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawlings DJ, Richardson L, Szer IS, Shaham B, Bernstein B. Cyclosporine is safe and effective in refractory JRA and JMDS: results of an open clinical trial. Abstract C130. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S188, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebuck AS, Sanders BR, MacFadden DK, Man SFP, York EL, et al. Cyclosporin in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Correspondence. Lancet 1: 1486, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed JC, Abidi AH, Alpers JD, Hoover RG, Robb RJ, et al. Effect of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone on interleukin 2 receptor gene expression. Journal of Immunology 137: 150–154, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reem GH. Molecular mode of action of cyclosporin and FK506 in human thymocytes. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 159–165, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiber H, Suckling AJ. Cyclosporin-A treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: changes in immunological regulation and blood-CSF barrier function. Journal of Neuroimmunology 12: 121–130, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinert Ph, Hamberger C, Rahimy MC, Dusseau C, Bernaudin F, et al. Intérêt de la cyclosporin A dans la dermatomyosite de l’enfant. Archives Françaises de Pédiatrie 45: 201–203, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reitamo S, Erkko P, Remitz A, Lauerma AI, Antilla HSI, et al. Cyclosporin for palmo-plantar pustulosis. Abstract 104. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 11, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitamo S, Puska P, Lassus A. Cyclosporin in the treatment of palmo-plantar pustulosis. British Journal of Dermatology 120: 857, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Resnik BI, Rendon M, Kerdel FA. Successful treatment of aggressive pyoderma gangrenosum with pulse steroids and chlorambucil. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 635–636, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds J, Cashman SJ, Evans DJ, Pusey CD. Cyclosporin A in the prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the brown Norway rat. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 85: 28–32, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ried M, Gibbons S, Kwok D, et al. Cyclosporine levels in human tissues of patients treated for one week to one year. Transplantation Proceedings 4 (Suppl. 1): 2434–2437, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson S, Neuberger J, Keller HP, Abisch E, Neiderberger W, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporin A (Sandimmun®) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 18: 627–631, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Romanello C, Grossi F, Radillo L, Betterle C, Marinoni S, et al. Confronto fra immunoglobuline ad alte dosi e ciclosporina in bambini diabetici all’esordio. Pediatrica Medica E Chirurgica 13: 355–358, 1991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rongioletti F, Guarrera M, Tosti, A, Guerra L, Pigatto P. Topical cyclosporin A fails to improve alopecia areata — a double blind study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 3: 13–14, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosano TG, Brooks CA, Dybas MT, Cramer SM, Stevens C, et al. Selection of an optimal assay method for monitoring cyclosporin therapy. Transplantation Proceedings 22: 1125–1128, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld S, Vining D, Kimball J, Nienhuis AW, Young NS. Improved response rate of severe aplastic anemia to intensive immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin. Abstract 1120. Blood 80 (Suppl. 1): 282a, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross JS, Camp RDR. Cyclosporin A and atopic dermatitis: 5 years on. Abstract. British Journal of Dermatology 127 (Suppl. 40): 32, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossa V, Sundmacher R, Schmitt-Gräff A, Heering P. Klinischer Krankheitsverlauf, histologische Befunde und therapeutische Probleme bei einem Patienten mit einem beidseitigen Ulces rodens Mooren. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 199: 165–169, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker G, Belghiti D, Ben Maddi A, Rémy P, Lang P, et al. Long-term cyclosporin-A therapy for severe idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Nephron 63: 335–341, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rostoker G, Belghiti D, Lang Ph, Weil B, Lagrue G. Cyclosporin for severe idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Abstract 296a. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 41, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Royle G, Blacklock H, Miller M. Treatment of cytophagic panniculitis with cyclosporin A. American Journal of Medicine 92: 704–705,1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin BI, Holland EJ, de Smet MD, Beifort Jr R, Nussenblatt RB. Response of reactivated ligneous conjunctivitis to topical cyclosporine. Correspondence. American Journal of Ophthalmology 112: 95–96, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudge P, Koetsier JC, Mertin J, Mispelblom Beyer JO, van Walbeek HK, et al. Randomised double blind controlled trial of cyclosporin in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 52: 559–565, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggenenti P, Perico N, Mosconi L, Gaspari F, Benigni A, et al. Calcium channel blockers protect transplant patients from cyclosporine-induced daily renal hypoperfusion. Kidney International 43: 706–711, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rumjanek VM, Smith LA, Morley J. Modulation by cyclosporin-A of mononuclear cell distribution during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 6: 99–104, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell G, Graveley R, Seid J, Al-Humidan A-K, Skjodt H. Mechanisms of action of cyclosporine and effects on connective tissues. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 21 (Suppl. 3): 16–22, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell ML, Schachter RK. Cyclosporin treatment of scleroderma (PSS). Abstract A79. Arthritis and Rheumatism 31 (Suppl. 4): S51, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruutiainen J, Salonen R, Halonen P, Panelius M, Eskola J, et al. Treatment of acute exacerbations in early multiple sclerosis: cyclosporin A or prednisolone? Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 83: 52–54, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryba M, Pastuszko M, Iwanska K, Bidzinski J, Dziewiecki C. Cyclosporine A prevents neurological deterioration of patients with SAH — a preliminary report. Acta Neurochirurgica 112: 25–27, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryflfel B. VI. Cellular activation: regulation of intracellular events by cyclosporine. Pharmacological Reviews 41: 407–421, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryffel B, Foxwell BM, Gee A, Greiner B, Woerly G, et al. Cyclosporin — relationship of side effects of mode of action. Transplantation 46 (Suppl.): 90S–96S, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryffel B, Mihatsch MJ, Fisher GL. Immunosuppression and cancer: the ciclosporin case. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 15: 95–115, 1992a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryffel B, Muller S, Foxwell B. Cyclosporin A allows the expression of high affinity interleukin 2 binding sites on anti-T cell antibody activated human T lymphocytes. Transplantation Proceedings 19: 1199–1201, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryffel B, Woerly G, Greiner B, Haendler B, Mihatsch MJ, et al. Distribution of the cyclosporine binding protein cyclophilin in human tissues. Immunology 72: 399–404, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ryffel B, Woerly G, Quesniaux VFJ, Husi H, Foxwell BMJ. Covalent binding of cyclosporine inhibits irreversibly T-lymphocyte activation. Biochemical Pharmacology 43: 953–960, 1992b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saadeh C, Bridges W, Geraki R. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a patient with Still’s disease: treatment with cyclosporin A (Cy A) and prednisone. Abstract PO240. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S324, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachar DB. Cyclosporine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. A step backward or a leap forward? New England Journal of Medicine 321: 894–896, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahnoun Z, Frikha M, Zeghal KM, Souissi T. Toxicité hépatique de la ciclosporine et interaction médicamenteuse avec les androgènes. Semaines des Hôpitaux 69: 26–28, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Sainsbury TSL, Duncan JI, Whiting PH, Hewick DS, Johnson BE, et al. Differential effects of FK 506 and cyclosporine on hair regrowth in the DEBR model of alopecia areata. Transplantation Proceedings 23: 3332–3334, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Román J, Varela-Aguilar JM, Bravo-Ferrer J, Sequeiros Madueno E, Fernandez de Bobadilla M. Idiopathic orbital myositis: treatment with cyclosporin. Correspondence. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 52: 84–85, 1993

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandborn WJ, Strong RM, Forland SC, Chase RE, Cutler RE. The pharmacokinetics and colonic tissue concentrations of cyclosporine after IV, oral, and enema administration. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 31: 76–80, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Schroeder KW, Batts KP, Lawson GM. Cyclosporine (CYA) enemas for treatment-resistant, ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (UPS). Abstract. Gastroenterology 102, A690, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandborn WJ, Wiesner RH, Tremaine WJ, Larusso NF. Ulcerative colitis disease activity following treatment of associated primary sclerosing cholangitis with cyclosporin. Gut 34: 242–246, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson IR, Phillips AD, Spencer J, Walker-Smith JA. Response to autoimmune enteropathy to cyclosporin A therapy. Gut 32: 1421–1425, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sawamura M, Yamaguchi S, Murayama K, Matsushima T, Tamura J, et al. Cyclosporine therapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Correspondence. British Journal of Haematology 83: 178–179, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyerr AM, Wakefield AJ, Hudson M, Dhillon AP, Pounder RE. Review article: the pharmacological implications of leucocyte-endothelial cell interactions in Crohn’s disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 5: 1–14, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalke BCG, Kappos L, Rohrbach E, Melms A, Dommasch D, et al. Immunosuppressive treatment of myasthenia gravis. Results of a double-blind trial — cyclosporin A (CS A) versus azathioprine (AZA). Jikeikai Medical Journal 37 (Suppl.) 165–169, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiff M, Altman R, Kopp E, Paulus H, Gordon G, et al. Cyclosporine A (CSA) effectively treats refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Abstract 61. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35 (Suppl. 9): S45, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt EC, Pigatto PD, Boneschi V, Bubola D, Finzi AF. Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with low-dose cyclosporin. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 128: 230, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider JH, Sternthal MB, Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A. Cyclosporin A (CSA) therapy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC): a quality of life assessment. Abstract 286. American Journal of Gastroenterology 86:1361, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Schofield OMV, Camp RDR, Levene GM. Cyclosporin A in psoriasis: interaction with carbamazepine. Correspondence. British Journal of Dermatology 122: 425–426, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf RE, Höcher J, Schütz N, Morsches B, Färber L. Cyclosporin A but not etretinate diminishes adhesion molecules and T-suppressor cells in healing psoriatic plaques. Abstract. Clinical Research 40: 479A, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Schouler L, Dumas F, Couzigou P, Janvier G, Winnock S, et al. Omeprazole-cyclosporin interaction. Correspondence. American Journal of Gastroenterology 86: 1097, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schrezenmeier H, Schlander M, Raghavachar A. Cyclosporin A in aplastic anemia — report of a workshop. Annals of Hematology 65: 33–36, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schrijver G, Wetzels JFM, Robben JCM, Assmann KJM, Koene RAP, et al. Antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine A in passive antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis in the mouse. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 304–308, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert S, Trautmann F, Dreher R. L-Tryptophan-assoziiertes chronisches Eosinophilie-Myalgie-Syndrom behandelt mit Ciclosporin. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 51: 158–162, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuller-Levis GB, Kozlowski PB, Wisniewski HM. Cyclosporin A treatment of an induced attack in a chronic relapsing model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 40: 244–252, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher A, Nordheim A. Progress towards a molecular understanding of cyclosporin A-mediated immunosuppression. Clinical Investigation 70: 773–779, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Secchi AG, Tognon S, Leonardi A. Topical use of cyclosporine in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 110: 641–645, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Secchi AG, Tognon S, Maselli C. Cyclosporin-A in the treatment of serpiginous choroiditis. International Ophthalmology 14: 395–399, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Secchi AG, De Rosa C, Pivetti-Pezzi P, Rossi A, De Molfetta V, et al. Open noncontrolled multicenter long-term trial with ciclosporin in endogenous non-infectious uveitis. Ophthalmologica 202: 217–224, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seidman EG, Lacaille F, Russo P, Galeano N, Murphy G, et al. Successful treatment of autoimmune enteropathy with cyclosporine. Journal of Pediatrics 117: 929–932, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seip M, Zanussi GF. Cyclosporin in steroid-resistant Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Acta Pediatrica Scandinavica 77: 464–466, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sepp N, Fritsch PO. Can cyclosporin A induce permanent remission of atopic dermatitis? British Journal of Dermatology 128: 213–216, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selleri C, Catalano L, Alfinito F, De Rosa G, Vaglio S, et al. Cyclosporin A in adult-onset cyclic neutropenia. British Journal of Haematology 68: 137–141, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sestier C, Odent-Pogu S, Bonneville M, Maurel C, Lang F, et al. Cyclosporin enhances diabetes induced by low-dose streptozotocin treatmentin mice. Immunology Letters 10: 57–60, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sgoutas DS, Hammarstrom M. Comparison of specific radioimmunoassays for cyclosporin. Transplantation 47: 668–670, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma KR, Mynhier MA, Miller RG. Cyclosporine increases muscular force generation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 43: 527–532, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe GR, Leggat HM. A case of Sweet’s syndrome and myelodysplasia: response to cyclosporin. British Journal of Dermatology 127: 538–539, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw LM, Yatscoff RW, Bowers LD, Freeman DJ, Jeffrey JR, et al. Canadian consensus meeting on cyclosporine: report of the consensus panel. Clinical Chemistry 36: 1841–1846, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shelley ED, Shelley WB. Cyclosporine therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum associated with sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Journal ofthe American Academy of Dermatology 18: 1084–1088, 1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman KE, Pinto PC. Cyclosporin treatment of type 1 autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Abstract 597. Hepatology 16: 194A, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Sahai BM, Green DR. Cyclosporin A inhibits activationinduced cell death in T-cell hybridomas and thymocytes. Nature 339: 625–626, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shigematsu H, Koyama A. Suppressive effect of cyclosporin A: the induction of chronic serum sickness nephritis in the rat. Acta Pathologica Japonica 38: 11–19, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shih W, Hines WH, Neilson EG. Effects of cyclosporin A: the development of immune-mediated interstitial nephritis. Kidney International 33:1113–1118,1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shiohara T, Imanishi K, Sagawa Y, Nagashima M. Differential effects of cyclosporine and etretinate on serum cytokine levels in patients with psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 568–574, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel RS, Broome CM, Liu WS, Kessler CM. Low dose cyclosporin is beneficial in treating refractory ITP. Abstract 1361. Blood 78 (Suppl. 1): 343a, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigidin YA, Usova SB. Comparative study of cyclosporine (CyA), azathioprine (A), and methotrexate (M) in rheumatoid arhritis (RA). Abstract T153. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology (Suppl.93): 66, 1992

  • Skyler JS, Rabinovitch A, Miami Cyclosporine Diabetes Study Group. Cyclosporine in recent onset type I diabetes mellitus. Effects on islet β cell function. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 6: 77–88, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MB, Hanauer SB. Rapid closure of Crohn’s disease fistulae with intravenous cyclosporin A (CyA). Abstract 8. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 3 (Suppl. 1): S2, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MB, Hanauer SB. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during cyclosporin therapy for ulcerative colitis. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 327: 497–498, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonneveld P, Durie BGM, Lokhurst HM, Marie J-P, Solbu G, et al. Modulation of multidrug-resistant multiple myeloma by cyclosporin. Lancet 340: 255–259, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soria C, Allegue F, Martin M, Ledo A. Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with cyclosporin A. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 16: 392–394, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sowden JM, Berth-Jones J, Ross JS, Motley RJ, Marks R, et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet 338: 137–140, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spandre M, Cavallero M, Gemme C, Bertone A, Pennazio M, et al. Cyclosporin enemas: treatment of refractory distal Crohn colitis. Abstract. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 23: 616, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Spes CH, Angermann CE, Stempfle HU, Wenke K, Theisen K. Sulfadiazine therapy for toxoplasmosis in heart transplant recipients decreases cyclosporin concentration. Clinical Investigation 70: 752–754, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Splain J, Berman BW. Cyclosporin A treatment for Diamond-Blackfan anemia. American Journal of Hematology 39: 208–211, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spragg J, Weinblatt ME, Coblyn J, Fraser P, Austen KF. Effect of cyclosporin on urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 112: 324–332, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stafford B, Frost T. Cyclosporin associated remission in severe aplastic anaemia. Correspondence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 21: 292–294, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Starzl TE, Nalesnik MA, Porter KA, Ho M, Iwatsuki S, et al. Reversibility of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative lesions developing under cyclosporin-steroid therapy. Lancet 1: 583–587, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Steck AJ, Regli F, Ochsner F, Gauthier G. Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: 12-month clinical and immunological evaluation. European Neurology 30: 224–228, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner G, Küllinger B. Mayer G, Jie Y, Leibl H, et al. Determination of cyclosporin by a competitive binding assay with cyclophilin. Clinical Chemistry 37: 403–410, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stellato C, de Paulis A, Ciccarelli A, Cirrillo R, Patella V, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of cyclosporin A on human skin mast cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 98: 800–804, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stern BJ, Schonfeld, SA, Sewell C, Krumholz A, Scott P, et al. The treatment of neurosarcoidosis with cyclosporine. Archives of Neurology 49: 1065–1072, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiller CR, Dupré J, Gent M, Jenner MR, Keown PA, et al. Effects of cyclosporine immunosuppression in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset. Science 223: 1362–1367, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stiller MJ, Pak GH, Kenny C, Jondreau L, Davis I, et al. Elevation of fasting serum lipids in patients treated with low-dose cyclosporine for severe plaque-type psoriasis. An assessment of clinical significance when viewed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 434–438, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoof TJ, Korstanje MJ, Bilo HJG, Starink ThM, Hulsmans RFHJ, et al. Does fish oil protect renal function in cyclosporin-treated psoriasis patients? Journal of Internal Medicine 226: 437–441, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Street ML, Muller SA, Pittelkow MR. Cyclosporine in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 23: 1084–1089, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Striph G, Doft B, Rabin B, Johnson B. Retina S antigen-induced uveitis. The efficacy of cyclosporine and corticosteroids treatment. Archives of Ophthalmology 104: 114–117, 1986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturani C, Galavotti V, Fabbri M, del Bufalo C, Galleri C, et al. Preliminary results of a single-blind, randomized trial of cyclosporine and corticosteroids in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abstract. European Respiratory Journal 1: (Suppl. 2): 247s 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Surber C, Itin P, Büchner S, Maibach HI. Effect of a new topical cyclosporin formulation on human allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 26: 116–119, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutthipisal N, Sriwatsantsak J, Sirimachan S, Nitidandhabaprabhas P. The use of low dose cyclosporin A in a case of recalcitrant erythrodermic psoriasis. Journal of International Medical Research 16: 485–488, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szczeklik A, Nizankowska E, Dworski R, Domagala B, Pinis G. Cyclosporin for steroid-dependent asthma. Allergy 46: 312–315, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szczeklik A, Nizankowska E, Sladek K. Cyclosporin in asthma. Correspondence. Lancet 339: 873, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabbara KF, Chavis P, Antonios S. Cyclosporin effects on retinal vasculitis in Behçet’s disease. In Lehner and Barnes (Eds) Recent advances in Behçet’s disease. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No. 103, published by Royal Society of Medicine Services Limited, 1986

  • Tabbara KF, Gee SS, Alvarez H. Ocular bioavailability of cyclosporin after oral administration. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 2): 656–659, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takagishi K, Kaibara N, Hotokebuchi T, Arita C, Morinaga M, et al. Effects of cyclosporin on collagen induced arthritis in mice. Annals of Rheumatic Disease 45: 339–344, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takagishi K, Yamamoto M, Miyahara H, Hotokebuchi T, Kaibara N. Comparative study of effects of cyclosporins A and G on collagen arthritis in mice. Agents Actions 37: 284–289, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi N, Hayano T, Suzuki M. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase is the cyclosporin A-binding protein cyclophilin. Nature 337: 473–475, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tegelberg-Stassen MJAM, Lammers AM, van Volten WA, Meinardi MMHM, deRie MA, et al. Responsiveness of moderate psoriatic skin lesions to 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg/day ciclosporin A: a multicenter study. European Journal of Dermatology 2: 147–150, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Tejani A, Butt K, Trachtman H, Suthanthiran M, Rosenthal CJ, et al. Cyclosporine A induced remission of relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children. Kidney International 33: 729–734, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tejani A, Suthanthiran M, Pomrantz A. A randomized controlled trial of low-dose prednisone and ciclosporin versus high-dose prednisone in nephrotic syndrome of children. Nephron 59: 96–99, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Telek B, Kiss A, Pecze K, Ujhelyi P, Rak K. Cyclic idiopathic pure acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura: a patient treated with cyclosporin A. British Journal of Haematology: 128–129, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Terada M, Salzler M, Lennartz K, Mullen Y. The effect of H-2 compatibility on pancreatic beta cell survival in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Transplantation 45: 622–627, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teshima H, Urabe A, Irie M, Nagakawa T, Nakayama J, et al. Alopecia universalis treated with oral cyclosporine A and prednisolone: immunologic studies. International Journal of Dermatology 31: 513–516, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thaiss F, Mihatsch MJ, Batsford S, Vogt A, Schollmeyer P. Effect of cyclosporine on in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis. Clinical Nephrology 25 (Suppl. 1): 181S–185S, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoenes GH, Umscheid T, Sitter T, Langer KH. Cyclosporin A inhibits autoimmune experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis. Immunology Letters 15: 301–306, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson AW. The effects of cyclosporin A on non-T cell components of the immune system. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 167–176, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson AW, Aldridge RD, Semel HF. Topical cyclosporin in alopecia areata and nickel contact dermatitis. Lancet 2: 971–972, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilly H, Azagury M, Bastit D, Lallemand A, Piguet H. Cyclosporin for treatment of life-threatening alloimmunization. American Journal of Hematology 34: 75–76, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timonen P, Friend D, Abeywickrama K, Laburte C, Von Graffenried B, et al. Efficacy of low-dose cyclosporin A in psoriasis: results of dose-finding studies. British Journal of Dermatology 122 (Suppl. 36): 33–39, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timsit J, Boitard C, Viard J-P, Bach J-F. Cyclosporin in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In Bonomo L (Ed.) Cyclosporin in autoimmune diseases, pp. 73–87, Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Rome, 1990

  • Tindall RSA, Phillips JT, Rollins JA, Wells L, Hall K, et al. A double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial to compare cyclosporine and prednisone in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Abstract 4. Neurology 38 (Suppl. 1): 135, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Tindall RSA, Rollins J, Hall K. Pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of cyclosporine A in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Annals of Neurology 22: 168, 1987a

    Google Scholar 

  • Tindall RSA, Rollins JA, Phillips JT, Greenlee RG, Wells L, et al. Preliminary results of a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial of cyclosporine in myasthenia gravis. New England Journal of Medicine 316: 719–724, 1987b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tipping PG, Holdsworth SR. Effect of cyclosporin A on antibodyinduced experimental glomerulonephritis. Nephron 40: 201–205, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tipping PG, Neale TJ, Holdsworth SR. T lymphocyte participation in antibody-induced experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney International 27: 530–537, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomizawa S, Maruyama K, Nagasawa N, Suziki S, Kuroume T. Studies of vascular permeability factor derived from T lymphocytes and inhibitory effect of plasma on its production in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Nephron 41: 157–160, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlanovich S, Vincenti F, Amend W, Biava C, Melzer J, et.al. Is cyclosporine effective in preventing recurrence of immune mediated glomerular disease after renal transplantation? Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 285–288, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tong J, βacigalupo A, Piaggio G, Figari O, van Lint MT, et al. Severe japlastic anemia (SAA): response to cyclosporin A (CyA) in vivo and in vitro. European Journal of Haematology 46: 212–216,1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tosti A, Bardazzi F, Guerra L. Alopecia totalis: is treating nonresponder patients useful? Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 24: 455–456, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tosti A, Guerra L, Bardazzi F, Lanzarini M. Topical ciclosporin in nail! psoriasis. Dermatologica 180: 110–112, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Töttermah TH, Bengtsson M. Treatment of pure red cell aplasia with ciclosporin: suppression of activated T suppressor/cytotoxic and NK-like cells in marrow and blood correlates with haematological response. European Journal of Haematology 41: 204–211, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tötterman TH, Höglund M, Bengtsson M, Simonsson B, Almqvist D, et al. Treatment of pure red-cell aplasia and aplastic anaemia with ciclosporin: long term clinical effects. European Journal of Haematology 42: 126–133, 1989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Towler HMA, Lightman S, Forrester JV. Low-dose therapy of ocular inflammation: preliminary report of a long-term follow-up study. Journal of Autoimmunity 5 (Suppl. A): 259–264, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Towler HMA, Whiting PH, Forrester JV. Combination low dose cyclosporin A and steroid therapy in chronic intraocular inflammation. Eye 4: 514–520, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Treem WR, Davis PM, Hyams JS. Cyclosporine treatment of severe ulcerative colitis in children. Journal of Pediatrics 119: 994–997, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Triggiana M, Cirillo R, Lichenstein LM, Marone G. Inhibition of histamineand prostaglandin D2 release from human lung mast cells by cyclosporin A. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 88: 253–255, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tugwell P, Bombardier C, Gent M, Bennett KJ, Bensen WG, et al. Low-dose cyclosporin versus placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 335, 1051–1055, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tugwell P, Bombardier C, Gent M, Bennett K, Ludwin D, et al. Low dose cyclosporin in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Journal of Rheumatology 14: 1108–1114, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tura S, Finelli C, Bandini G, Gobbi M. Gyclosporin A in the treatment of CLL associated with PRCA and bone marrow hypoplasia. Nouvelle Revue Française d’Hématologie 30: 479–481, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twentyman PR. Cyclosporins as drug resistance modifiers. Biochemical Pharmacology 43: 109–117, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Üskent N, Danaci M, Özel M, Yaylaci M, Tor H. Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with cyclosporin-A and high-dose methylprednisolone. Marmara Medical Journal 5: 27–30, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Usuki K, Kitamura K, Urabe A, Takaku F. Successful treatment of Weber-Christian disease by cyclosporin A. American Journal of Medicine 85: 276–278, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Utech C, Wulle KG, Panitz N, Kiefer H. Immunosuppressive treatment of Graves’ ophthalmology with cyclosporine A. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 173–177, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valderrama R, Bania TC, Scelsa SN, MacCabee PJ, Seliger MS, et al. Prevention and treatment of experimental myasthenia gravis (EAMG) with cyclosporin A in rabbits. Abstract. Neurology 36 (Suppl. 1): 196, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Meer S, Imhof JW, Borleffs JCC. Cyclosporin for polymyositis. Correspondence. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45: 612–614, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Steen PHM, Happle R. Immunological treatment of alopecia areata including the use of diphencyprone. Journal of Dermatological Treatment 3: 35–40, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Hooff JP, Leunissen KML, Havenith MG, Bosman FT. Cyclosporine and other therapy-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 293–296, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Joost Th, Heule F, Stolz E, Beukers R. Short-term use of cyclosporin A in severe psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 114: 615–520, 1986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Joost Th, Bos JD, Huele F, Meinardi MMHM. Low-dose cyclosporin A in severe psoriasis. A double-blind study. British Journal of Dermatology 118: 183–190, 1988

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Joost Th, Kozel MMA, Tank B, Troost R, Prens EP. Cyclosporine in atopic dermatitis. Modulation in the expression of immunologic markers in lesional skin. Jounal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27: 922–928, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • van Joost T, Stolz E, Heule F. Efficacy of low-dose cyclosporine in severe atopic skin disease. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 123: 166–167, 1987

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Oers MHJ, Yong S-L, Schellekens PTA, Aarden LA. The mechanism of action of cyclosporine is not primarily as the level of the interleukin 2-system. Transplantation Proceedings 17: 2700–2705, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • van Rijthoven AWAM, Dijkmans BAC, Goei Thé HS, Hermans J, Montor-Beckers ZLMB, et al. Cyclosporin treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a placebo controlled, double blind, multicentre study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45: 726–731, 1986

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van Rijthoven AWAM, Dijkmans BAC, Goei Thé HS, Boers M, Cats A. Longterm cyclosporine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 18: 19–23, 1991a

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Rijthoven AWAM, Dijkmans BAC, Goei Thé HS, Boers M, Cats A. Penetration of cyclosporin into synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. Correspondence. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 37: 321–322, 1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Rijthoven AWAM, Dijkmans BAC, Goei Thé HS, Meijers KAE, Montor-Beckers ZLBM, et al. Comparison of cyclosporin and D-penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double blind, multicenter study. Journal of Rheumatology 18: 815–820, 1991b

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Varet B, Picard F, Casadevall N, Dreyfus F, Muller O, et al. Cyclosporin induced remission in two patients with B-CLL associated PRCA who were resistant to other immunosuppressant drugs. Abstract. Blood 70 (Suppl. 1): 144a, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Vathsala A, Woo KT, Lim CH. Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 20: 507–512, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vayssairat M, Baudot N, Boitard C, Fiessinger JN, Bach JF. Cyclosporin therapy for severe systemic sclerosis associated with the anti-Scl-70 autoantibody. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22: 695–696, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venkataramanan R, Koneru B, Wang C-CP, Burekart GJ, Caritis SN, et al. Cyclosporin and its metabolites in mother and baby. Transplantation 46: 468–469, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Venkataramanan R, Starzl TE, Yang S, et al. Biliary excretion of cyclosporin in liver transplant patients. Transplantation Proceedings 17 (Suppl. 2): 286–289, 1985

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vezendi S, Koncz A, Sipka S, Orosi P. Ciclosporin-A therapy for pulmonary sarcoidosis. Abstract. European Respiratory Journal 1 (Suppl. 2): 260s, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Viale M, Bacigalupo A, Ferrini S, Nicolin A. Effect of cyclosporin A on T cell clones from severe aplastic anemia: differential sensitivity of TNF and GM-CSF production. Haematologica 77: 237–242, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vialettes B, Baume D, Charpin C, De Maeyer-Guignard J, Vague P. Assessment of viral and immune factors in EMC α-induced diabetes: effects of cyclosporin A and interferon. Journal of Clinical Immunology 10: 35–40, 1983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vialettes B, Picq R, du Rostu M, Charbonnel B, Rodier M, et al. A preliminary multicentre study of the treatment of recently diagnosed type I diabetes by combination nicotinamide-cyclosporin therapy. Diabetic Medicine 7: 731–735, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers AEM, Fischer V, Connors S, Fisher RL, Baldeck J-P, et al. Cyclosporin A metabolism in human liver, kidney and intestine slices. Comparison to rat and dog slices and human cell lines. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 20: 802–809, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vine W, Bowers LD. Cyclosporin: structure, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 25: 275–311, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vladutiu AO. Effect of cyclosporine on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. Transplantation 35: 518–520, 1983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt B, Fivush BA; Cyclosporine in the treatment of azathioprine-induced red cell aplasia following renal transplantation. Pediatric Nephrology 6: 278–279, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Graffenried B. The efficacy and safety of ciclosporin in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Abstract S-6.1. Pediatric Nephrology 6: C46, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss BL, Hamilton KK, Samara EN, McKee PA. Cyclosporin suppression of endothelial prostacyclin generation: a possible mechanism for nephrotoxicity. Transplantation 45: 793–796, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner SA, Peter RU, Adam O, Ruzicka T. Therapeutic efficacy of oral low-dose cyclosporin A in severe psoriatic arthritis. Dermatology 186: 62–67, 1993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlgren C-F, Scheynius A, Hägermark Ö. Antipruritic effect of oral cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70: 323–329, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield D, McCluskey P. Cyclosporine: a therapy in inflammatory eye disease. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology 7: 221–226, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield D, Robinson LP. Cyclosporin therapy in Mooren’s ulcer. British Journal of Ophthalmology 71: 415–417, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Waldo FB, Kohaut EC. Therapy of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with cyclosporin A. Pediatric Nephrology 1: 180–182, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh BT, Seaver N, Bennett R, Lisse J, Rutstein J, et al. Immunologic profile of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with cyclosporin A & methotrexate: results from a double blind placebo controlled trial. Abstract A228. Arthritis and Rheumatism 35: S106, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, McDuffie M, Nornikos IN, Hao L, Lafferty KJ. Effect of cyclosporin on immunologically mediated diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Transplantation 46 (Suppl.): 101S–106S, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang BS, Heacock EH, Collins KH, Hutchinson IF, Tilney NL, et al. Suppressive effects of cyclosporine A on the induction of alloreactivity in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Immunology 127: 89–93, 1981

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterston JA, Brown MM, Ingram DA, Swash M. Cyclosporin A therapy in paraprotein-associated neuropathy. Muscle and Nerve 15: 445–448, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson RGP, Coulton L, Kanis JA, Lombard M, Williams R, et al. Circulating osteocalcin in primary biliary cirrhosis following liver transplantation and during treatment with ciclosporin. Journal of Hepatology 11: 354–358, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber IR, Peters WHM, Back DJ. Cyclosporin metabolism by human gastrointestinal mucosal microsomes 33: 661–664, 1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler B, Mertani EB, Le Hoang P, De Groc F, Piette JC, et al. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of ocular Behçet’s disease. In Lehner and Barnes (Eds) Recent advances in Behçet’s disease. Royal Society of Medicine Services International Congress and Symposium Series No. 103, published by Royal Society of Medicine Services Limited, 1986

  • Weinbaum DL, Kaplan SS, Zdziarski U, Rinaldo CR, Schroeder KK. Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte interaction with cyclosporine A. Infection and Immunity 43: 791–794, 1984

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weinblatt ME, Coblyn JS, Fraser PA, Anderson RJ, Spragg J, et al. Cyclosporin A treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 30: 11–17, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinblatt M, Helfgott S, Maier A, Fraser P, Coblyn J. Long term follow up of cyclosporin a (CsA) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Abstract 129. Arthritis and Rheumatism 34 (Suppl.): S54, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss J, Schwinzer B, Kirchner H, Gemsa D, Resch K. Effects of cyclosporin on functions of specific murine T cell clones: inhibition of proliferation, lymphokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Immunobiology 171: 234–251, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whitington PF, Emond JC, Whitington SH, Broelsch CE, Baker AL. Small-bowel length and the dose of cyclosporin in children after liver transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine 322: 733–738, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wick G, Muller PU, Schwarz S. Effect of cyclosporin A on spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis of obese strain (OS) chickens. European Journal of Immunology 12: 877–881, 1982

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesner RH, Ludwig J, Lindor KD, Jorgensen RA, Baldus WP, et al. A controlled trial of cyclosporine in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. New England Journal of Medicine 322: 1419–1424, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesneth M, Platow S, Raghavachar A, Schrezenmeier H, Heimpel H, et al. Reversal of platelet alloimmunization by cyclosporin A in a case of aplastic anaemia. Abstract 433. Annals of Hematology 65 (Suppl.): A140, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilder RL, Allen JB, Hansen C. Thymus-dependent and -independent regulation of la antigen expression in situ by cells in the synovium of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 79: 1160–1171, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkel CS, McDonald CJ. Cyclosporine therapy for bullous erythema multiforme. Correspondence. Archives of Dermatology 126: 397–398, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Windom HH, Fisher M, Neale TJ. Cyclosporin therapy for steroid resistant nephrotic focal glomerulosclerosis. New Zealand Medical Journal 103: 125–126, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter T, Dalton HR, Merrett MN, Campbell A, Jewell DP. Cyclosporin A retention enemas in refractory distal ulcerative colitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A947, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiryadi B, Widyanto, Hydari NS. Cyclosporin A in chronic severe plaque-type psoriasis. In Evans EGV, Jafary MH (Eds). Dermatological treatments: preliminary investigations in the Asia-Pacific region. Proceedings Asia-Pacific Dermatolgy Symposium, New York, 15 Jun, 1992. International Congress and Symposium Series No. 197. London Royal Society of Medicine Services Ltd. pp. 37–45, 1992

  • Witte A, Landgraf R, Markl A, Boergen K-P, Hasenfratz G, et al. Treatment of Graves’ ophthalmopathy with cyclosporin A. Klinische Wochenschrift 63: 1000–1004, 1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood A, Adu D, Birtwistle RJ, Brewer DB, Michael J. Cyclosporin A and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis in rats. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 69: 189–195, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wörle B, Hein R, Kreig T, Meurer M. Ciclosporin in localized and systemic scleroderma — a clinical study. Dermatologica 181: 215–220, 1990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wüthrich K, von Freyberg B, Weber C, Wider G, Traber R, et al. Receptor-induced conformation change of the immunosup-’ pressant cyclosporin A. Science 254: 953–954, 1991

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yale JF, Grose M, Roy RD, Seemayher TA, Marliss EB. Response to cyclosporin administration at onset of diabetes in BB rats. Diabetes Research 5: 129–133, 1987a

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yale JF, Grose M, Seemayer TA, Marliss EB. Immunological and metabolic concomitants of cyclosporin prevention of diabetes in BB rats. Diabetes 36: 749–757, 1987b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto M, Ideguchi H, Nishimura J, Nawata H, Inaba S, et al. Treatment of platelet-alloimmunization with cyclosporin A in a patient with aplastic anemia. American Journal of Hematology 33: 220–221, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yatscoff RW, Rosanao TG, Bowers LD. The clinical significance of cyclosporine metabolites. Clinical Biochemistry 24: 23–35, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yazici H, Barnes CG. Practical treatment recommendations for pharmacotherapy of Behçet’s syndrome. Drugs 42: 796–804, 1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yee GC. Recent advances in cyclosporin pharmacokinetics. Pharmacotherapy 11: 130S–134S, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yee GC McGuire TR. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with cyclosporin. Part I. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 19: 319–332, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yee GC McGuire TR. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with cyclosporin. Part II. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 19: 400–415, 1990b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum DE. Cyclosporine in rheumatoid arthritis: beyond experimentation. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 21 (Suppl.3): 39–42, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum DE, Allen JB, Wahl SM, Calandra GB, Wilder RL. Inhibition by cyclosporin A of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and hepatic granulomas in rats. Arthritis and Rheumatism 29: 262–273, 1986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum DE, Klippel JH, Wilder RL, Gerber NL, Austin HA, et al. Cyclosporin A in severe, treatment-refractory rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized study. Annals of Internal Medicine 109,: 863–869, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum DE, Wilder RL, Dougherty S, Klippel JH, Pillemer S, et al. Immunologie parameters of response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclosporin A. Arthritis and Rheumatism 33: 1310–1316, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • York EL, Man SFP, Sproule BJ. Cyclosporine-A in a case of refractory systemic and cutaneous sarcoidosis. Abstract. Chest 89 (Suppl.): 519S, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshinoya S, Miyamoto T. Clinical trial with ciclosporin (CYA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In Japanese. Ensho 10: 301–308, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshinoya S, Yamamoto K, Mitamura T, Aikawa T, Takeuchi A, et al. Successful treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose cyclosporin A. Transplantation Proceedings 20 (Suppl. 4): 243–247, 1988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zabel P, Leimenstoll G, Gross WL. Cyclosporin for acute dermatomyositis. Correspondence. Lancet 1: 343, 1984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H. Cyclosporin A in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Correspondence. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 17: 1058–1059, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Halkier-Sorensen L, Heickendorff L, Zachariae E, Hansen HE. Cyclosporin A treatment of systemic sclerosis. British Journal of Dermatology 122: 677–681, 1990a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Hansen HE, Kragballe K, Olsen S. Morphologic renal changes during cyclosporin treatment of psoriasis. Studies on pretreatment and posttreatment kidney biopsy specimens. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 26: 415–419, 1992a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Hansen HE, Olsen TS. Hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with systemic sclerosis treated with cyclosporin A. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 72: 307–309, 1992b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Kragballe K, Hansen HE, Olsen TS. Changes in renal biopsies during low dosage cyclosporin treatment. Correspondence. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70: 361–365, 1990b

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Thestrup-Pedersen K. Ciclosporin A in acrodermatitis continua. Dermatologica 175: 29–32, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zafirova M, Jablenska, Popov A, Goranova I, Vassileva E, et al. Morphological characterisitcs of the endocrine pancreas in alloxan diabetes after cyclosporin A administration. Cellular and Molecular Biology 37: 585–596, 1991

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zierhut M, Thiel H-J, Weidle EG, Waetjen R, Pleyer U. Topical treatment of severe corneal ulcers with cyclosporin A. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 227: 30–35, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zieste R, Wenting GJ, Kramer P, Mulder P, Schalekamp MA, et al. Contrasting response to cyclosporin in refractory nephrotic syndrome. Clinical Nephrology 31: 22–25, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Zieste R, Wenting GJ, Kramer P, Schalekamp MA, Weimar W. Effects of cyclosporin A on glomerular barrier function in the nephrotic syndrome. Clinical Science 82: 641–650, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zijlmans JMJM, van Rijthoven AWAM, Kluin PM, Jiwa NM, Dijkmans BAC, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclosporin. Correspondence. New England Journal of Medicine 326: 1363, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zipfel PF, Balke J, Irving SG, Kelly L, Siebenlist U. Mitogenic activation of human T cells induces two closely related genes which share structural similarities with a new family of secreted factors. Journal of Immunology 142: 1582–1590, 1989

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoumbos NC, Gascon P, Djeu JY, Young N. Interferon is a mediator of hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia in vitro and possibly in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 82: 188-?, 1985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zweegman S, van der Meulen J, Pals SL, Oe PL. Progression of membranous glomerulopathy during cyclosporin A. Correspondence. Clinical Nephrology 37: 314, 1992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwitter M, Drinovec J, Dubravcic M, Vodnik A, Petric-Grabnar J, et al. Cyclosporine may alleviate B symptoms and induce a remission of heavily pretreated Hodgkin disease: a preliminary report. Annals of Internal Medicine 106: 843–844, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: R. Assan, Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; C.G. Barnes, Department of Rheumatology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, England; D. BenEzra, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; G.P. Bray, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Denmark Hill, London, England; J. Brynskov, Department of Medical Gastroenterology F, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark; N. Frickhofen, Abteilung Innere Medizin III, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany; D.W. Holt, Analytical Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, England; T.E. Mandel, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; M.J. Mihatsch, Department of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; U. Mrowietz, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany; P. Niaudet, Département de Pédiatrie Médicale, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; C. Ponticelli, Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Milano, Italy; J.A. Vale, West Midlands Poisons Unit, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, England; M. Yamamoto, Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; G.C. Yee, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; D.E. Yocum, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology/Allergy and Immunology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

An erratum for this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03259110

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Faulds, D., Goa, K.L. & Benfield, P. Cyclosporin. Drugs 45, 953–1040 (1993). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199345060-00007

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199345060-00007

Navigation