Skip to main content
Erschienen in: CNS Drugs 1/2010

01.01.2010 | Adis Spotlight

Spotlight on Atomoxetine in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescentsy

verfasst von: Karly P. Garnock-Jones, Gillian M. Keating

Erschienen in: CNS Drugs | Ausgabe 1/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Atomoxetine (Strattera®) is a selective noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor that is not classified as a stimulant, and is indicated for use in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Atomoxetine is effective and generally well tolerated. It is significantly more effective than placebo and standard current therapy and does not differ significantly from, or is noninferior to, immediate-release methylphenidate; however, it is significantly less effective than the extended-release methylphenidate formulation OROS® methylphenidate (hereafter referred to as osmotically released methylphenidate) and extended-release mixed amfetamine salts.
Atomoxetine can be administered either as a single daily dose or split into two evenly divided doses, has a negligible risk of abuse or misuse and is not a controlled substance in the US. Atomoxetine is particularly useful for patients at risk of substance abuse, as well as those who have co-morbid anxiety or tics, or who do not wish to take a controlled substance. Thus, atomoxetine is a useful option in the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 2009; 11(3): 203–26CrossRef Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 2009; 11(3): 203–26CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Barton J. Atomoxetine: a new pharmacotherapeutic approach in the management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Dis Child 2005 Feb; 90Suppl. 1: i26–9PubMedCrossRef Barton J. Atomoxetine: a new pharmacotherapeutic approach in the management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Dis Child 2005 Feb; 90Suppl. 1: i26–9PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ledbetter M. Atomoxetine: a novel treatment for child and adult ADHD. Neuropsych Dis Treat 2006; 2(4): 455–66CrossRef Ledbetter M. Atomoxetine: a novel treatment for child and adult ADHD. Neuropsych Dis Treat 2006; 2(4): 455–66CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bolden-Watson C, Richelson E. Blockade of newly-developed antidepressants of biogenic amine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. Life Sci 1993; 52(12): 1023–9PubMedCrossRef Bolden-Watson C, Richelson E. Blockade of newly-developed antidepressants of biogenic amine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. Life Sci 1993; 52(12): 1023–9PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong DT, Threlkeld PG, Best KL, et al. A new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake devoid of affinity for receptors in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 222(1): 61–5PubMed Wong DT, Threlkeld PG, Best KL, et al. A new inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake devoid of affinity for receptors in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 222(1): 61–5PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bymaster FP, Katner JS, Nelson DL, et al. Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002 Nov; 27(5): 699–711PubMedCrossRef Bymaster FP, Katner JS, Nelson DL, et al. Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002 Nov; 27(5): 699–711PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E. Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994; 114(4): 559–65CrossRef Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E. Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994; 114(4): 559–65CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Zerbe RL, Rowe H, Enas GG, et al. Clinical pharmacology of tomoxetine, a potential antidepressant. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 232(1): 139–43PubMed Zerbe RL, Rowe H, Enas GG, et al. Clinical pharmacology of tomoxetine, a potential antidepressant. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 232(1): 139–43PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Gehlert DR, Schober DA, Gackenheimer SL. Comparison of (R)-[3H]tomoxetine and (R/S)-[3H]nisoxetine binding in rat brain. J Neurochem 1995; 64(6): 2792–800PubMedCrossRef Gehlert DR, Schober DA, Gackenheimer SL. Comparison of (R)-[3H]tomoxetine and (R/S)-[3H]nisoxetine binding in rat brain. J Neurochem 1995; 64(6): 2792–800PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gehlert DR, Gackenheimer SL, Robertson DW. Localization of rat brain binding sites for [3H]tomoxetine, an enantiomerically pure ligand for norepinephrine reuptake sites. Neurosci Lett 1993; 157(2): 203–6PubMedCrossRef Gehlert DR, Gackenheimer SL, Robertson DW. Localization of rat brain binding sites for [3H]tomoxetine, an enantiomerically pure ligand for norepinephrine reuptake sites. Neurosci Lett 1993; 157(2): 203–6PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wernicke JF, Faries D, Girod D, et al. Cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in children, adolescents, and adults. Drug Saf 2003; 26(10): 729–40PubMedCrossRef Wernicke JF, Faries D, Girod D, et al. Cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in children, adolescents, and adults. Drug Saf 2003; 26(10): 729–40PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer TJ, Kratochvil CJ, Sangal RB, et al. Effects of atomoxetine on growth in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder following up to five years of treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Oct; 17(5): 689–700PubMedCrossRef Spencer TJ, Kratochvil CJ, Sangal RB, et al. Effects of atomoxetine on growth in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder following up to five years of treatment. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Oct; 17(5): 689–700PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Heil SH, Holmes HW, Bickel WK, et al. Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002 Jul 1; 67(2): 149–56PubMedCrossRef Heil SH, Holmes HW, Bickel WK, et al. Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002 Jul 1; 67(2): 149–56PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lile JA, Stoops WW, Durell TM, et al. Discriminative-stimulus, self-reported, performance, and cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in methylphenidate-trained humans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2006 May; 14(2): 136–47PubMedCrossRef Lile JA, Stoops WW, Durell TM, et al. Discriminative-stimulus, self-reported, performance, and cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in methylphenidate-trained humans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2006 May; 14(2): 136–47PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Sangal RB, Owens J, Allen AJ, et al. Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD. Sleep 2006 Dec 1; 29(12): 1573–85PubMed Sangal RB, Owens J, Allen AJ, et al. Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD. Sleep 2006 Dec 1; 29(12): 1573–85PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Witcher JW, Long A, Smith B, et al. Atomoxetine pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003 Spring; 13(1): 53–63PubMedCrossRef Witcher JW, Long A, Smith B, et al. Atomoxetine pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003 Spring; 13(1): 53–63PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Belle DJ, Ernest CS, Sauer J-M, et al. Effect of potent CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine on atomoxetine pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Nov; 42(11): 1219–27PubMedCrossRef Belle DJ, Ernest CS, Sauer J-M, et al. Effect of potent CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine on atomoxetine pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Nov; 42(11): 1219–27PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Michelson D, Faries D, Wernicke J, et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics 2001 Nov; 108(5): E83–91PubMedCrossRef Michelson D, Faries D, Wernicke J, et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics 2001 Nov; 108(5): E83–91PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 2002 Nov; 159(11): 1896–901PubMedCrossRef Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 2002 Nov; 159(11): 1896–901PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Spencer T, Heiligenstein JH, Biederman J, et al. Results from 2 proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 Dec; 63(12): 1140–7PubMedCrossRef Spencer T, Heiligenstein JH, Biederman J, et al. Results from 2 proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 Dec; 63(12): 1140–7PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gau SS, Huang YS, Soong WT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine in Taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Aug; 17(4): 447–60PubMedCrossRef Gau SS, Huang YS, Soong WT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine in Taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Aug; 17(4): 447–60PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown RT, Perwien A, Faries DE, et al. Atomoxetine in the management of children with ADHD: effects on quality of life and school functioning. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2006 Nov; 45(9): 819–27CrossRef Brown RT, Perwien A, Faries DE, et al. Atomoxetine in the management of children with ADHD: effects on quality of life and school functioning. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2006 Nov; 45(9): 819–27CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss M, Tannock R, Kratochvil C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005 Jul; 44(7): 647–55PubMedCrossRef Weiss M, Tannock R, Kratochvil C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005 Jul; 44(7): 647–55PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelsey DK, Sumner CR, Casat CD, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2004 Jul; 114(1): e1–8PubMedCrossRef Kelsey DK, Sumner CR, Casat CD, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2004 Jul; 114(1): e1–8PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Michelson D, Buitelaar JK, Danckaerts M, et al. Relapse prevention in pediatric patients with ADHD treated with atomoxetine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004 Jul; 43(7): 896–904PubMedCrossRef Michelson D, Buitelaar JK, Danckaerts M, et al. Relapse prevention in pediatric patients with ADHD treated with atomoxetine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004 Jul; 43(7): 896–904PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Buitelaar JK, Michelson D, Danckaerts M, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of continuation treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after 1 year. Biol Psychiatry 2007 Mar 1; 61(5): 694–9PubMedCrossRef Buitelaar JK, Michelson D, Danckaerts M, et al. A randomized, double-blind study of continuation treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after 1 year. Biol Psychiatry 2007 Mar 1; 61(5): 694–9PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Wernicke JF, Adler L, Spencer T, et al. Changes in symptoms and adverse events after discontinuation of atomoxetine in children and adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a prospective, placebo-controlled assessment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004 Feb; 24(1): 30–5PubMedCrossRef Wernicke JF, Adler L, Spencer T, et al. Changes in symptoms and adverse events after discontinuation of atomoxetine in children and adults with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a prospective, placebo-controlled assessment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004 Feb; 24(1): 30–5PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Kratochvil C, Newcorn JH, et al. Do children and adolescents with ADHD respond differently to atomoxetine? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006 Feb; 45(2): 149–57PubMedCrossRef Wilens TE, Kratochvil C, Newcorn JH, et al. Do children and adolescents with ADHD respond differently to atomoxetine? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006 Feb; 45(2): 149–57PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Escobar R, Montoya A, Polavieja P, et al. Evaluation of patients’ and parents’ quality of life in a randomized placebo-controlled atomoxetine study in attention-deficit/ hyperactivty disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19(3): 253–63PubMedCrossRef Escobar R, Montoya A, Polavieja P, et al. Evaluation of patients’ and parents’ quality of life in a randomized placebo-controlled atomoxetine study in attention-deficit/ hyperactivty disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19(3): 253–63PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Svanborg P, Thernlund G, Gustafsson PA, et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in stimulant-naive Swedish children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009 Apr; 18(4): 240–9PubMedCrossRef Svanborg P, Thernlund G, Gustafsson PA, et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in stimulant-naive Swedish children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009 Apr; 18(4): 240–9PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratochvil CJ, Heiligenstein JH, Dittmann R, et al. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002 Jul; 41(7): 776–84PubMedCrossRef Kratochvil CJ, Heiligenstein JH, Dittmann R, et al. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002 Jul; 41(7): 776–84PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, et al. Atomoxetine versus methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2007 Mar; 41(3): 222–30CrossRef Wang Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, et al. Atomoxetine versus methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2007 Mar; 41(3): 222–30CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad S, Harpin V, Poole L, et al. A multi-centre, randomised, open-label study of atomoxetine compared with standard current therapy in UK children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Curr Med Res Opin 2007 Feb; 23(2): 379–94PubMedCrossRef Prasad S, Harpin V, Poole L, et al. A multi-centre, randomised, open-label study of atomoxetine compared with standard current therapy in UK children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Curr Med Res Opin 2007 Feb; 23(2): 379–94PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemner JE, Starr HL, Ciccone PE, et al. Outcomes of OROS® methylphenidate compared with atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a multicenter, randomized prospective study. Adv Ther 2005 Sep 31; 22(5): 498–512PubMedCrossRef Kemner JE, Starr HL, Ciccone PE, et al. Outcomes of OROS® methylphenidate compared with atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a multicenter, randomized prospective study. Adv Ther 2005 Sep 31; 22(5): 498–512PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165(6): 721–30PubMedCrossRef Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165(6): 721–30PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wigal SB, McGough JJ, McCracken JT, et al. A laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) and atomoxetine (Strattera) in school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord 2005 Aug; 9(1): 275–89PubMedCrossRef Wigal SB, McGough JJ, McCracken JT, et al. A laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) and atomoxetine (Strattera) in school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord 2005 Aug; 9(1): 275–89PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bangs ME, Hazell P, Danckaerts M, et al. Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Pediatrics 2008 Feb; 121(2): e314–20PubMedCrossRef Bangs ME, Hazell P, Danckaerts M, et al. Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Pediatrics 2008 Feb; 121(2): e314–20PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Bangs ME, Emslie GJ, Spencer TJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Aug; 17(4): 407–20PubMedCrossRef Bangs ME, Emslie GJ, Spencer TJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007 Aug; 17(4): 407–20PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Geller D, Donnelly C, Lopez F, et al. Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007 Sep; 46(9): 1119–27PubMedCrossRef Geller D, Donnelly C, Lopez F, et al. Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007 Sep; 46(9): 1119–27PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold LE, Aman MG, Cook AM, et al. Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006 Oct; 45(10): 1196–205PubMedCrossRef Arnold LE, Aman MG, Cook AM, et al. Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006 Oct; 45(10): 1196–205PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen AJ, Kurlan RM, Gilbert DL, et al. Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology 2005 Dec 27; 65(12): 1941–9PubMedCrossRef Allen AJ, Kurlan RM, Gilbert DL, et al. Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology 2005 Dec 27; 65(12): 1941–9PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kratochvil CJ, Newcorn JH, Arnold LE, et al. Atomoxetine alone or combined with fluoxetine for treating ADHD with comorbid depressive or anxiety symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005 Sep; 44(9): 915–24PubMedCrossRef Kratochvil CJ, Newcorn JH, Arnold LE, et al. Atomoxetine alone or combined with fluoxetine for treating ADHD with comorbid depressive or anxiety symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005 Sep; 44(9): 915–24PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Bangs ME, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Polzer J, et al. Metaanalysis of suicide-related behavior events in patients treated with atomoxetine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008 Feb; 47(2): 209–18PubMedCrossRef Bangs ME, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Polzer J, et al. Metaanalysis of suicide-related behavior events in patients treated with atomoxetine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008 Feb; 47(2): 209–18PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bangs ME, Jin L, Zhang S, et al. Hepatic events associated with atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drug Saf 2008; 31(4): 345–54PubMedCrossRef Bangs ME, Jin L, Zhang S, et al. Hepatic events associated with atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drug Saf 2008; 31(4): 345–54PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Cottrell S, Tilden D, Robinson P, et al. A modeled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with stimulant therapy in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United Kingdom. Value Health 2008 May 30; 11(3): 376–88PubMedCrossRef Cottrell S, Tilden D, Robinson P, et al. A modeled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with stimulant therapy in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United Kingdom. Value Health 2008 May 30; 11(3): 376–88PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Tilden D, Richardson R, Nyhus K, et al. A modelled economic evaluation of atomoxetine (Strattera) for the treatment of three patient groups with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [abstract no. PMH5]. Value Health 2005 Dec 6; 8: A197. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Eighth Annual European Congress; 2005 Nov 6–8; FlorenceCrossRef Tilden D, Richardson R, Nyhus K, et al. A modelled economic evaluation of atomoxetine (Strattera) for the treatment of three patient groups with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [abstract no. PMH5]. Value Health 2005 Dec 6; 8: A197. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Eighth Annual European Congress; 2005 Nov 6–8; FlorenceCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Laing A, Cottrell S, Robinson P, et al. A modelled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with current therapies for the treatment of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in The Netherlands [abstract no. PMH10]. Value Health 2005 Dec 6; 8: A198. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Eighth Annual European Congress; 2005 Nov 6–8; FlorenceCrossRef Laing A, Cottrell S, Robinson P, et al. A modelled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with current therapies for the treatment of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in The Netherlands [abstract no. PMH10]. Value Health 2005 Dec 6; 8: A198. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Eighth Annual European Congress; 2005 Nov 6–8; FlorenceCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Diamantopoulos A, Lorenzo M, Happich M, et al. A cost-utilty analysis of atomoxetine against current stimulant therapies for the treatment of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Germany [abstract no. PMH36]. Value Health 2007 Nov 31; 10: A298. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Tenth Annual European Congress; 2007 Oct 20–23; DublinCrossRef Diamantopoulos A, Lorenzo M, Happich M, et al. A cost-utilty analysis of atomoxetine against current stimulant therapies for the treatment of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Germany [abstract no. PMH36]. Value Health 2007 Nov 31; 10: A298. Plus poster presented at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Tenth Annual European Congress; 2007 Oct 20–23; DublinCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Spotlight on Atomoxetine in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescentsy
verfasst von
Karly P. Garnock-Jones
Gillian M. Keating
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2010
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
CNS Drugs / Ausgabe 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1172-7047
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1934
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/11203670-000000000-00000

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2010

CNS Drugs 1/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Adis Drug Evaluation

Blonanserin

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.