Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning is a concept originally defined to contrast with that of ischemic preconditioning. While both preconditioning and postconditioning confer a neuroprotective effect on brain ischemia, preconditioning is a sublethal insult performed in advance of brain ischemia, and postconditioning, which conventionally refers to a series of brief occlusions and reperfusions of the blood vessels, is conducted after ischemia/reperfusion. In this article, we first briefly review the history of preconditioning, including the experimentation that initially uncovered its neuroprotective effects and later revealed its underlying mechanisms-of-action. We then discuss how preconditioning research evolved into that of postconditioning - a concept that now represents a broad range of stimuli or triggers, including delayed postconditioning, pharmacological postconditioning, remote postconditioning - and its underlying protective mechanisms involving the Akt, MAPK, PKC and KATP channel cell-signaling pathways. Because the concept of postconditioning is so closely associated with that of preconditioning, and both share some common protective mechanisms, we also discuss whether a combination of preconditioning and postconditioning offers greater protection than preconditioning or postconditioning alone.
Keywords: Postconditioning, Preconditioning, stroke, cerebral ischemia, focal ischemia, neuroprotection, heart, synergistic protection, signaling pathways, ROS
Current Drug Targets
Title: From Rapid to Delayed and Remote Postconditioning: The Evolving Concept of Ischemic Postconditioning in Brain Ischemia
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Heng Zhao, Chuancheng Ren, Xingmiao Chen and Jiangang Shen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Postconditioning, Preconditioning, stroke, cerebral ischemia, focal ischemia, neuroprotection, heart, synergistic protection, signaling pathways, ROS
Abstract: Ischemic postconditioning is a concept originally defined to contrast with that of ischemic preconditioning. While both preconditioning and postconditioning confer a neuroprotective effect on brain ischemia, preconditioning is a sublethal insult performed in advance of brain ischemia, and postconditioning, which conventionally refers to a series of brief occlusions and reperfusions of the blood vessels, is conducted after ischemia/reperfusion. In this article, we first briefly review the history of preconditioning, including the experimentation that initially uncovered its neuroprotective effects and later revealed its underlying mechanisms-of-action. We then discuss how preconditioning research evolved into that of postconditioning - a concept that now represents a broad range of stimuli or triggers, including delayed postconditioning, pharmacological postconditioning, remote postconditioning - and its underlying protective mechanisms involving the Akt, MAPK, PKC and KATP channel cell-signaling pathways. Because the concept of postconditioning is so closely associated with that of preconditioning, and both share some common protective mechanisms, we also discuss whether a combination of preconditioning and postconditioning offers greater protection than preconditioning or postconditioning alone.
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Cite this article as:
Zhao Heng, Ren Chuancheng, Chen Xingmiao and Shen Jiangang, From Rapid to Delayed and Remote Postconditioning: The Evolving Concept of Ischemic Postconditioning in Brain Ischemia, Current Drug Targets 2012; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945012799201621
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945012799201621 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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