Vojnosanitetski pregled 2015 Volume 72, Issue 7, Pages: 589-595
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP140223064M
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Incidence, predictors and prognostic implications of bleeding complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Matić Dragan M. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade)
Ašanin Milika R. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade + Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade)
Stanković Sanja Đ. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade)
Mrdović Igor B. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade + Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade)
Marinković Jelena M. (Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statistics and Health Research, Belgrade)
Kočev Nikola I. (Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statistics and Health Research, Belgrade)
Antonijević Nebojša M. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade + Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade)
Marjanović Marija M. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade)
Nešić Zorica I. (Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Belgrade)
Prostran Milica S. (Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Belgrade)
Stanković Goran R. (Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Cardiology, Belgrade + Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade)
Background/Aim. Data about bleeding complicating primary percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) are more frequently obtained from randomized
clinical trials on patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), but less
frequently from surveys or registries on patients with STelevation myocardial
infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence,
predictors and prognostic impact of in-hospital major bleeding in the
population of unselected real-world patients with acute STEMI undergoing
primary PCI. Methods. All consecutive patients presenting with STEMI who
underwent primary PCI at a single large tertiary healthcare center between
January 2005 and July 2009, were studied. Major bleeding was defined
according to the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries
(GUSTO) study criteria. We examined the association between in-hospital major
bleeding and death or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients treated
with PCI. The primary outcomes were in-hospital and 6-month mortality and
MACE. Results. Of the 770 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI,
in-hospital major bleeding occurred in 32 (4.2%) patients. Independent
predictors of major bleeding were advanced age (≥ 65 years), female gender,
baseline anemia and elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and signs of
congestive heart failure at admission (Killip class II-IV). In-hospital and
6-month mortality and MACE rates were more than 2.5-fold-higher in patients
who developed major bleeding compared with those who did not. Major bleeding
was a predictor of 6- month MACE, independent of a few risk factors (previous
MI, previous PCI, diabetes mellitus and hypertension); (OR = 3.02; 95% CI for
OR 1.20-7.61; p = 0.019), but was not a true independent predictor of MACE
and mortality in the fully adjusted models. Conclusion: Patients of advanced
age, female gender, with baseline anemia and elevated WBC count and those
with Killip class II-IV at presentation are at particularly high risk of
bleeding after primary PCI. Bleeding is associated with adverse outcome and
may be an important marker of patient frailty, but it is not a true
independent predictor of mortality/MACE.
Keywords: angioplasty, transluminal, percutaneous coronary, postoperative complications, hemorrhage, risk factors, prognosis, mortality, fibrinolytic agents