Between 1978 and 2007 one hundred and seven patients consecutively underwent resection for primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There were 28 pN0 patients, 41 pN1 and 37 pN2 or more (one unknown). Combined resection of the portal vein was performed in 62 out of 107 patients (58%). The hepatic artery in 10 patients, superior mesenteric artery in 8 patients and celiac trunk in 7 patients were also resected additionally to the portal vein. The 5-year survival rate and 10-year survival rate of all 107 cases were 12.1% and 2.8% respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the pN0 group was 37%, significantly better than the 14% 5-year survival rate in the pN1 group (p=0.043). Of 69 patients with pN0 or pN1, 38 patients underwent combined resection of the portal vein. There was not significant difference between the 24% 5-year survival rate in the group without the portal vein resection and the 19% 5-year survival rate in the group with portal vein resection. The 20% 5-year survival rate of the portal vein only group and the 5-year survival rate of both the portal vein and hepatic artery group were the same. The groups of the further resection of the superior mesenteric artery and of the celiac trunk showed no long-term survival. It is concluded that aggressive combined resection of the portal vein or additional resection of the hepatic artery be feasible for a survival benefit in pN0 and pN1 diseases.