Evaluation of CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 chemokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with tick borne encephalitis (TBE)

https://doi.org/10.2478/v10039-011-0033-zGet rights and content

ABSTRACT

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of chemokines: CXCL10, XCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) before and after treatment. We evaluated also the usefulness of these molecules in diagnosis and monitoring of inflammation in TBE.

Methods

Twenty three patients hospitalized in The Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of Medical University in Białystok, Poland were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: TBE group-patients with confirmed TBE and control group (CG): patients with excluded TBE and other inflammatory diseases of CNS. Concentration of CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL11/I-TAC, CXCL12/SDF-1α, CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1 in serum and CSF were measured with ELISA kits (R&D Systems, USA) according to the protocols.

Results

The analysis of chemokines concentration in TBE patients before treatment and control group using ROC showed that serum CXCL10 and CXCL13 and CSF CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 differentiate both groups (p<0.05). The analysis of CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 before and after treatment showed that CXCL10 and CXCL11 in CSF and CXCL13 in serum differentiates both groups with p<0.05.

Conclusions

Concentration of CSF CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13 and serum CXCL10, CXCL13 may be good biomarkers of CNS inflammation caused by TBEV. Moreover concentration of CXCL10 in CSF and CXCL13 in serum may be used as indicators of patients recovery.

Section snippets

INTRODUCTION

Chemokines are a large family of chemotactic cytokines produced by leucocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and the other tissue cells. The name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. Some chemokines are considered to be pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to promote cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Twenty three patients hospitalized in The Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections of Medical University in Białystok, Poland were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups:

TBE- patients with confirmed TBE based on clinical picture, CSF examination and antibodies against TBE in serum and CSF: 15 patients (6 women, 9 men; aged 27 to 75, x =43 years).

CG- control group: patie.nts with suspected and excluded infection of CNS by CSF evaluation (no pleocytosis, normal

RESULTS

Serum concentration of CXCL10 and CXCL13 were significantly increased in comparison with controls in an acute phase of TBE (p<0.05). After clinical recovery the concentration of both cytokines did not significantly decrease in comparison with TBE1 (Tab. 1, Tab. 3).

CSF concentration of CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 were slightly higher than in the serum. Only concentration of CXCL10 was significantly higher (p<0.05) (Tab. 1, Tab. 2, Tab. 3).

CXCL13 concentration in CG was below detection

DISCUSSION

Chemokines may be used as biomarkers of inflammatory process in CNS. In our study the concentrations of CXCL10 and CXCL13 in serum and all examined chemokines in CSF were higher than in controls. ROC curves show that concentrations of these molecules in serum as well as in CSF differentiate patients with TBE and controls. It is worth emphasizing that the chemokines persist in serum and CSF even after clinical recovery when inflammatory CSF parameters (pleocytosis, protein concentration) have

CONCLUSIONS

Based on ROC curves analysis we conclude that CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13 concentrations in CSF and CXCL10, CXCL13 in serum may be good biomarkers of the TBEV-induced CNS inflammation as they clearly discriminate TBE patients from controls. Moreover CSF CXCL10 and serum CXCL13 may be used to monitor patient's recovery. However the interpretation of results of our study are limited by the small number of patients and further studies are needed.

REFERENCES (18)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (61)

  • CXCR7, CXCR4, and Their Ligand Expression Profile in Traumatic Brain Injury

    2021, World Neurosurgery
    Citation Excerpt :

    The CXCL11-CXCR7 complex activates a proliferative signaling pathway, whereas its binding to CXCR3-B inhibits cell growth.22 CXCL11 and CXCL12 were detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tick-borne encephalitis and were suggested as biomarkers of CNS inflammation.53 The role of CXCL11 in CNS has been further demonstrated in an animal model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

  • Zika and Other Neglected and Emerging Flaviviruses: The Continuing Threat to Human Health

    2021, Zika and Other Neglected and Emerging Flaviviruses: The Continuing Threat to Human Health
View all citing articles on Scopus
View full text