Ceramide Metabolism Balance, a Multifaceted Factor in Critical Steps of Breast Cancer Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathways of Ceramide Synthesis
3. Ceramides, Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria
4. Role of MAMs in Neoplastic Pathology
5. Ceramides and Breast Cancer
6. Involvement of Ceramides and Sphingolipids in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
7. Ceramides and Sphingolipids and Their Implication in Breast Cancer Metastasis
8. Exosome-Ceramides and the Role in Tissue Communication
9. Role of Ceramides in Chemoresistance
10. Final Considerations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
FFA | Free fatty Acids |
SFA | Saturated Fatty Acids |
ECT | Electron transport chain |
ROS | Reactive oxygen specie |
DAGs | Diacylglycerols |
INSR | Insulin receptor |
SPT | Serin-palmitoyl acyltransferase |
CerS | Ceramide synthase |
NLRP3 | NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 |
MVEs | Multivesicular endosome |
ESCRT-I | Endosomal sorting complex required for transport |
OMM | Outer mitochondrial membrane |
DES | Dihydroceramide desaturase |
CERT | Ceramide transfer protein |
SMase | Sphingomyelinase |
UPR | Unfolded protein response |
PACS-2 | Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 |
IMM | Inner mitochondrial membrane |
ERO-1α | Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase-1 alpha |
PD-L1 | Programmed cell death-ligand 1 |
PAC-1 | Compound 1 activator of procaspase |
Mcl-1 | Myeloid cell leukemia-1 Mcl-1 |
VDAC-1 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 |
H2K | Hexokinase-2 |
GPCR | G Protein-coupled receptor |
S1P | Sphingosine-1-phosphate |
SphK | Sphingosine kinase |
EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
CK | Cytokeratin |
Gg4 | Galpβ1-3GalpNAcβ1-4Galpβ1-4Glcpβ |
TNBC | Triple negative breast cancer |
EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
Erα | Estrogen receptor |
UGCG | UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase |
5-Aza-dc | Azacitidine |
MAMs | Mitochondria-associated ER membranes |
MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1 |
DNMTs | DNA methyltransferases |
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García-González, V.; Díaz-Villanueva, J.F.; Galindo-Hernández, O.; Martínez-Navarro, I.; Hurtado-Ureta, G.; Pérez-Arias, A.A. Ceramide Metabolism Balance, a Multifaceted Factor in Critical Steps of Breast Cancer Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092527
García-González V, Díaz-Villanueva JF, Galindo-Hernández O, Martínez-Navarro I, Hurtado-Ureta G, Pérez-Arias AA. Ceramide Metabolism Balance, a Multifaceted Factor in Critical Steps of Breast Cancer Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092527
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-González, Victor, José Fernando Díaz-Villanueva, Octavio Galindo-Hernández, Israel Martínez-Navarro, Gustavo Hurtado-Ureta, and Abril Alicia Pérez-Arias. 2018. "Ceramide Metabolism Balance, a Multifaceted Factor in Critical Steps of Breast Cancer Development" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092527