Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial123
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From the Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Departments of Kinesiology (TAC-V, LB, DMDD, AJH, CJM, and SMP) and Neurology (SKB), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, and the Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd, Lausanne, Switzerland (DRM, TS, DB, and EAO).
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Supported by Nestec Ltd and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postgraduate scholarship to TAC-V).
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Address correspondence to SM Phillips, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. E-mail: [email protected].
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Abbreviations used: Akt, protein kinase B; AUCneg, AUC below baseline; AUCpos, AUC above baseline; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; Cmax, maximum concentration; EAA, essential amino acid; eEF2, eukaryotic elongation factor 2; EX-FED, response to combined feeding and resistance exercise; FED, response to feeding; FSR, fractional synthetic rate; MPS, myofibrillar protein synthesis; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; Tmax, time of maximum concentration; W6, 6.25 g whey protein; W6+BCAAs, 6.25 g whey protein supplemented with leucine, isoleucine, and valine to 5.0 g total leucine; W6+High-Leu, 6.25 g whey protein supplemented with leucine to 5.0 g total leucine; W6+Low-Leu, 6.25 g whey protein supplemented with leucine to 3.0 g total leucine; W25, 25 g whey protein; 1-RM, single-repetition maximum strength; 4E-BP1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1.