We aimed to examine the effect of various adhesive systems on the bond strength of composite resin to enamel or dentin prepared with erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. Each laser-cut enamel or dentin surface was treated with a bonding agent (SBB, Group 1); self-etching primer (SBP) and SBB (Group 2 and control); phosphoric-acid (KET), SBP and SBB (Group 3); KET, sodium-hypochlorite (ADG), SBP and SBB (Group 4); all-in-one adhesive (TSB, Group 5); or KET, ADG and TSB (Group 6). The control group was only polished with wet silicon carbide papers. The enamel shear bond strength of Group 5 was significantly lower than that of other groups (p<0.01). The control group showed higher bond strength compared to Groups 1–6 (p<0.05). Preconditioning using phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid followed by sodium hypochlorite increased the bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin prepared using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser.