A trial of expectant management in incomplete miscarriage

Introduction Incomplete miscarriage is often treated with surgical evacuation in Sri Lanka. Expectant management, which is an alternative treatment, was assessed for efficacy and safety in a local setting.

Methods Randomised clinical trial of two treatment groups of expectant and surgical management with 71 and 69 participants, respectively, was done at the University Gynaecology Unit of the Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, from December 2007 to July 2009. Women with incomplete miscarriage at a period of amenorrhoea of <14 weeks and retained products of conception of <50mm were included. Expectant management involved in-ward treatment till resolution of heavy bleeding and pain and follow up for two weeks. In surgical treatment, evacuation was undertaken and the patient sent home from hospital after bleeding settled with follow up. The maximum anteroposterior diameter of the endometrial cavity was measured with transvaginal ultrasonography and a diameter <15mm was considered as complete miscarriage.

Results Expectant management had a treatment success of 90.1% at one week and 94.4% at two weeks. For surgical treatment this was 95.7%. Infection was noted in one subject from the surgical group and none in the expectant group. Fall in the haemoglobin concentration in the two groups was clinically not significant. The expectantly managed group had a shorter hospital stay than the surgically managed group (1.58 vs 2.57 days, p=0.008).

Conclusions Expectant management is an effective and safe alternative to surgical evacuation in management of incomplete miscarriage in the local setting. It relieves the burden on the healthcare provider by shortening the hospital stay and avoiding the need for evacuation of retained products of conception under anaesthesia.

Index words: incomplete miscarriage; expectant management; evacuation of retained products of conception

DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v56i1.2888

Ceylon Medical Journal 2011; 56: 10-13