Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2016; 37(03): 146-151
DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.190353
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Plasma Epstein–Barr virus and Hepatitis B virus in non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Two lymphotropic, potentially oncogenic, latently occurring DNA viruses

Mahua Sinha
Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Clementina Rama Rao
Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
C S Premalata
Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Mohammed Shafiulla
Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
K C Lakshmaiah
Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Linu Abraham Jacob
Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Govind K Babu
Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
B K Viveka
Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
L Appaji
Department of Paediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
,
Jayshree R Subramanyam
Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
› Further Information
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Context: There is a need to study potential infective etiologies in lymphomas. Lymphocyte-transforming viruses can directly infect lymphocytes, disrupt normal cell functions, and promote cell division. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with several lymphomas, especially Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs). And recently, the lymphocyte-transforming role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been emphasized. Aims: The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of two potentially oncogenic, widely prevalent latent DNA viruses, EBV and HBV, in non-HL (NHL). Settings and Design: In this prospective study, we estimated plasma EBV and HBV DNA in NHL patients. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from newly diagnosed, treatment na ïve, histologically confirmed NHL patients. Plasma EBV DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Epstein–Barr Nucleic acid 1 while the plasma HBV DNA was detected using nested PCR targeting HBX gene. In a small subset of patients, follow-up plasma samples post-anticancer chemotherapy were available and retested for viral DNA. Results: Of the 110 NHL patients, ~79% were B-cell NHL and ~21% were T-cell NHL. Plasma EBV-DNA was detected in 10% NHLs with a higher EBV association in Burkitt lymphoma (33.3%) than other subtypes. Pretherapy HBV DNA was detected in 21% NHLs; most of them being diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Moreover, 42% of DLBCL patients had HBV DNA in plasma. Since all patients were HBV surface antigen seronegative at diagnosis, baseline plasma HBV-DNAemia before chemotherapy was indicative of occult hepatitis B infection. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a significant association of HBV with newly diagnosed DLBCL.

Keywords

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - Epstein–Barr virus - hepatitis B virus - non-Hodgkin lymphoma - occult hepatitis B virus infection


Publication History

Article published online:
12 July 2021

© 2016. Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Engels EA. Infectious agents as causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:401-4.
  • 2 Gulley ML, Tang W. Laboratory assays for Epstein-Barr virus-related disease. J Mol Diagn 2008;10:279-92.
  • 3 Engels EA, Cho ER, Jee SH. Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in South Korea: A cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:827-34.
  • 4 Dalia S, Chavez J, Castillo JJ, Sokol L. Hepatitis B infection increases the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Leuk Res 2013;37:1107-15.
  • 5 Raimondo G, Caccamo G, Filomia R, Pollicino T. Occult HBV infection. Semin Immunopathol 2013;35:39-52.
  • 6 Marcucci F, Spada E, Mele A, Caserta CA, Pulsoni A. The association of hepatitis B virus infection with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma – A review. Am J Blood Res 2012;2:18-28.
  • 7 Sinha M, Rao CR, Shafiulla M, Appaji L, Bs AK, Sumati BG, et al. Cell-free Epstein-Barr viral loads in childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: A study from South India. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013;30:537-43.
  • 8 Au WY, Pang A, Choy C, Chim CS, Kwong YL. Quantification of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of natural killer cell and EBV-positive lymphomas in immunocompetent patients. Blood 2004;104:243-9.
  • 9 Kanakry JA, Li H, Gellert LL, Lemas MV, Hsieh WS, Hong F, et al. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA predicts outcome in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: Correlative analysis from a large North American cooperative group trial. Blood 2013;121:3547-53.
  • 10 Samal J, Kandpal M, Vivekanandan P. Molecular mechanisms underlying occult hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012;25:142-63.
  • 11 Lee JH, Han KH, Lee JM, Park JH, Kim HS. Impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene mutations on hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic HBV infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011;18:914-21.
  • 12 Chen MH, Hsiao LT, Chiou TJ, Liu JH, Gau JP, Teng HW, et al. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2008;87:475-80.
  • 13 Chakrabarti S, Sarkar S, Goswami BK, Mondal S, Roy A, Das S. Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in an Indian rural medical institution: Comparative clinicopathologic analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:1605-8.
  • 14 Morton LM, Sampson JN, Cerhan JR, Turner JJ, Vajdic CM, Wang SS, et al. Rationale and design of the international lymphoma epidemiology consortium (InterLymph) non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes project. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2014;2014:1-14.
  • 15 Khera R, Jain S, Kumar L, Thulkar S, Vijayraghwan M, Dawar R. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Experience from a tertiary care center in North India. Med Oncol 2010;27:310-8.
  • 16 Datta S, Chatterjee S, Policegoudra RS, Gogoi HK, Singh L. Hepatitis viruses and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A review. World J Virol 2012;1:162-73.
  • 17 Zhang Y, Peng J, Tang Y, He J, Peng J, Zhao Q, et al. The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in different types and sites of lymphomas. Jpn J Infect Dis 2010;63:132-5.
  • 18 de Bruin PC, Jiwa M, Oudejans JJ, van der Valk P, van Heerde P, Sabourin JC, et al. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus in extranodal T-cell lymphomas: Differences in relation to site. Blood 1994;83:1612-8.
  • 19 Rao CR, Gutierrez MI, Bhatia K, Fend F, Franklin J, Appaji L, et al. Association of Burkitt's lymphoma with the Epstein-Barr virus in two developing countries. Leuk Lymphoma 2000;39:329-37.
  • 20 Jo SA, Hwang SH, Kim SY, Shin HJ, Chung JS, Sol MY, et al. Quantitation of whole blood Epstein-Barr virus DNA is useful for assessing treatment response in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Lab Hematol 2010;32 (1 Pt 1):e106-13.
  • 21 Becker N, Schnitzler P, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of lymphoma: Results of a serological analysis within the European case-control study Epilymph. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012;138:1993-2001.
  • 22 Kang J, Cho JH, Suh CW, Lee DH, Oh HB, Sohn YH, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Korean patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Ann Hematol 2011;90:159-64.
  • 23 Ulcickas Yood M, Quesenberry CP Jr, Guo D, Caldwell C, Wells K, Shan J, et al. Incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2007;46:107-12.
  • 24 Nath A, Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Varma S. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Med J 2010;40:633-41.
  • 25 El-Sayed GM, Mohamed WS, Nouh MA, Moneer MM, El-Mahallawy HA. Viral genomes and antigen detection of hepatitis B and C viruses in involved lymph nodes of Egyptian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Egypt J Immunol 2006;13:105-14.
  • 26 Wang F, Yuan S, Teng KY, Garcia-Prieto C, Luo HY, Zeng MS, et al. High hepatitis B virus infection in B-cell lymphoma tissue and its potential clinical relevance. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012;21:261-7.
  • 27 Panigrahi R, Biswas A, Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Mahapatra PK, et al. Anti-hepatitis B core antigen testing with detection and characterization of occult hepatitis B virus by an in-house nucleic acid testing among blood donors in Behrampur, Ganjam, Orissa in Southeastern India: Implications for transfusion. Virol J 2010;7:204.
  • 28 Guruprasad B, Kavitha S, Aruna Kumari BS, Vijaykumar BR, Sumati BG, Mahua S, et al. Risk of hepatitis B infection in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a tertiary care center from South India. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1616-9.