open access

Vol 76, No 4 (2017)
Original article
Submitted: 2017-01-17
Accepted: 2017-02-21
Published online: 2017-03-08
Get Citation

Morphometric study of the extraocular muscles in Thai population

N. Surawatsatien, Y. Papassornsiri, V. Chentanez
·
Pubmed: 28281723
·
Folia Morphol 2017;76(4):635-641.

open access

Vol 76, No 4 (2017)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Submitted: 2017-01-17
Accepted: 2017-02-21
Published online: 2017-03-08

Abstract

Morphology of the extraocular muscles plays an important role in many ophthalmological surgeries and diagnostic imaging studies. Detailed understanding of length, width, point of insertion and the relationships between these muscles could be of significance for successful surgical outcomes. Forty-six orbital contents were extracted from formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers. Dissection was performed to reveal the extraocular muscles from their origins to insertions on the sclera. Muscle length, muscle width, distance from point of insertion to the sclerocorneal limbus, relationship between the superior oblique and superior rectus and between the inferior oblique and lateral rectus were measured. The lateral rectus and superior rectus were the longest muscles. The insertion of the medial rectus muscle was closest to the sclerocorneal limbus while the inferior rectus, lateral rectus and superior rectus insertions were progressively further apart. Only the length of the inferior rectus and medial rectus were significantly different between males and females. The distances between the superior oblique and superior rectus and between the inferior oblique and lateral rectus were slightly greater than in previous study. A direct comparison of these parameters between ethnic groups is still needed for an improvement of the procedural outcomes.

Abstract

Morphology of the extraocular muscles plays an important role in many ophthalmological surgeries and diagnostic imaging studies. Detailed understanding of length, width, point of insertion and the relationships between these muscles could be of significance for successful surgical outcomes. Forty-six orbital contents were extracted from formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers. Dissection was performed to reveal the extraocular muscles from their origins to insertions on the sclera. Muscle length, muscle width, distance from point of insertion to the sclerocorneal limbus, relationship between the superior oblique and superior rectus and between the inferior oblique and lateral rectus were measured. The lateral rectus and superior rectus were the longest muscles. The insertion of the medial rectus muscle was closest to the sclerocorneal limbus while the inferior rectus, lateral rectus and superior rectus insertions were progressively further apart. Only the length of the inferior rectus and medial rectus were significantly different between males and females. The distances between the superior oblique and superior rectus and between the inferior oblique and lateral rectus were slightly greater than in previous study. A direct comparison of these parameters between ethnic groups is still needed for an improvement of the procedural outcomes.

Get Citation

Keywords

extraocular muscles, morphology, Thai, superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

About this article
Title

Morphometric study of the extraocular muscles in Thai population

Journal

Folia Morphologica

Issue

Vol 76, No 4 (2017)

Article type

Original article

Pages

635-641

Published online

2017-03-08

Page views

1561

Article views/downloads

1470

DOI

10.5603/FM.a2017.0024

Pubmed

28281723

Bibliographic record

Folia Morphol 2017;76(4):635-641.

Keywords

extraocular muscles
morphology
Thai
superior rectus
inferior rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique

Authors

N. Surawatsatien
Y. Papassornsiri
V. Chentanez

References (21)
  1. Athavale S, Kotgirwar S, Lalwani R. Rectus and oblique muscles of eyeball: a morphometric study of Indian population. Anat Cell Biol. 2015; 48(3): 201–204.
  2. Blake CR, Lai WW, Edward DP. Racial and ethnic differences in ocular anatomy. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2003; 43(4): 9–25.
  3. Bowling B. Strabismus. In: Kanski’s clinical ophthalmology: a systemic approach, 8th Ed. Elsevier, Atlanta 2016: 728–771.
  4. Dahlmann-Noor A. P. J. Tillaux: Of the Way the Muscles Insert onto the Sclera. Strabismus. 2008; 16(4): 174–175.
  5. Feng X, Pilon K, Yaacobi Y, et al. Extraocular muscle insertions relative to the fovea and optic nerve: humans and rhesus macaque. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005; 46(10): 3493–3496.
  6. Fuchs E. Beiträge zur normalen Anatomie des Augapfels. Graefes Arch Ophthalmol. 1894; 30: 1–65.
  7. Hong S, Chang YH, Han SH, et al. Effect of full tendon transposition augmented with posterior intermuscular suture for paralytic strabismus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005; 140(3): 477–483.
  8. Lai YH, Wu WC, Wang HZ, et al. Extraocular muscle insertion positions and outcomes of strabismus surgery: correlation analysis and anatomical comparison of Western and Chinese populations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012; 96(5): 679–682.
  9. Lee JS, Lim DW, Lee SH, et al. Normative measurements of Korean orbital structures revealed by computerized tomography. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001; 79(2): 197–200.
  10. Lerdlum S, Boonsirikamchai P, Setsakol E. Normal measurements of extraocular muscle using computed tomography. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007; 90(2): 307–312.
  11. Ogbole GI, Ogun OA, Olusumade D. Computed tomography measurement of extra-ocular muscle diameters in a population of normal patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2014; 43(3): 245–250.
  12. Ozgen A, Ariyurek M. Normative measurements of orbital structures using CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998; 170(4): 1093–1096.
  13. Ozgen A, Aydingöz U. Normative measurements of orbital structures using MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000; 24(3): 493–496.
  14. Paik DJ, Shin SY. An anatomical study of the inferior oblique muscle: The embalmed cadaver vs the fresh cadaver. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009; 147(3): 544–549.e1.
  15. Ridyard E. Extraocular muscles: variation in their anatomy, length and cross-sectional diameter. Int J Anat Res. 2015; 3(3): 1198–1206.
  16. Shen S, Fong KS, Wong HB, et al. Normative measurements of the Chinese extraocular musculature by high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51(2): 631–636.
  17. Snell RS. LempMA Movement of the eyeball and extraocular muscles. In: Clinical anatomy of the eye. 2nd Ed. Blackwell Science, New Jersey 1998: 231–271.
  18. Tamburrelli C, Salgarello T, Vaiano AS, et al. Ultrasound of the horizontal rectus muscle insertion sites: implications in preoperative assessment of strabismus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003; 44(2): 618–622.
  19. Villarreal-Silva E, Hinojosa AJM, Bazaldua CJJ, et al. A morphometric study of the extraocular muscles. Int J Morphol. 2013; 31(1): 312–320.
  20. von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Summary of the gross anatomy of the extraocular muscles. In: Binocular vision and ocular motility. Theory and management of strabismus. 6th Ed. Mosby, St. Louis 2002: 41–52.
  21. Yalçin B, Ozan H. Insertional pattern of the inferior oblique muscle. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005; 139(3): 504–508.

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

By VM Media Group sp. z o.o., Grupa Via Medica, Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk, Poland

tel.: +48 58 320 94 94, faks: +48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl