Purpose: Our study aimed to assess whether the type of regional anesthesia influenced the incidence of chronic postthoracotomy pain syndrome (CPTPS).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized study that included 300 patients undergoing lung cancer resection using thoracotomy. They were randomized into three groups: paravertebral nerve block (PVB), thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), and intercostal nerve block (INB). General anesthesia was similar in the groups. A horizontal visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of the pain syndrome. It was assessed and recorded 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery.

Results: At 6 months after surgery, the incidence (p <0.05) of the CPTPS was higher in the INB group (40%) than in the TEA group (23%). The CPTPS frequency in the PVB group did not differ from the other groups (34%).

Conclusion: The use of the TEA in patients who underwent open lung cancer surgery contributed to a significant decline in the CPTPS frequency compared to patients who were administered INB. Using PVB did not decrease the CPTPS frequency.