This study investigated risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) induced by orthognathic surgery for malocclusion, by analysis of preoperative and postoperative examination findings. In this first report, we discuss the relationship between the findings from the polysomnographic record and the direction of jaw movement during orthognathic surgery. The postoperative Apnea Hypopnea Index was significantly decreased in the group that underwent maxillaryadvancement with or without mandibular movement; however, there was no significant difference between the groups that underwent mandibular movement with and without maxillary movement. Mandibular morphology is frequently considered when evaluating the relationship between the maxillofacial structure and sleep-disordered breathing; our findings also indicated that maxillary morphology is an important factor. Hence, we advocate orthognathic surgery to treat malocclusion when necessary and to take sleep-disordered breathing into consideration. Additionally, we considered that the findings of this study provide important evaluation criteria for determining the indications for orthognathic surgery to treat OSAHS.