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2014, vol. 5, br. 1, str. 120-161
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Pravo na porođaj kod kuće - izbor, a ne slučajnost - i neke pravne posledice
The right to home birth: A choice, not a coincidence: And some legal consequences
Sažetak
Dok su se nekada žene isključivo porađale kod kuće, danas se najveći broj žena porađa u porodilištima. Mesto gde će se žena poroditi, odnosno beba roditi, privatna je stvar, intimna odluka žene o kojoj ona odlučuje na osnovu svojih potreba, informisanosti ili želje, a ponekad i usled spleta okolnosti koje ona čak i ne bira. Za porođaj žene često je potrebna pomoć stručnog medicinskog radnika ali nisu nužno neophodni bolnički uslovi smeštaja. Autorke postavljaju pitanje kada je to odnos prema porođaju doživeo metamorfozu te od normalnog procesa prerastao u kontrolisanu bolničku proceduru, a mesto porođaja promenjeno, pa je umesto kuće to postala bolnica? Ima li žena pravo izbora mesta porođaja, postoji li diskriminacija prilikom registracije rođenja i jesu li bebe rođene kod kuće i njihovi roditelji u Srbiji diskriminisani, samo su neka od pitanja na koja će ovaj rad pokušati da odgovori. Rad ima dve celine. U prvom delu bavi se stavovima Evropskog suda za ljudska prava kada je u pitanju pravo žene na izbor mesta porođaja, kao i pravnim okvirom koji uređuje položaj babice kao zdravstvene radnice koja asistira pri porođaju žene u kućnim uslovima. U drugom delu, analizira se pravni okvir i ostvarivanje prava na registraciju rođenja van zdravstvene ustanove, sa posebnim osvrtom na postupanje matičnih službi u ovim slučajevima.
Abstract
In this article, the authors deal with certain legal aspects of home birth, in particular as recognised by the European Court of Human Rights and from the perspective of present Serbian legislation. The number of women giving birth at their homes is still significantly lower than those wishing to give birth at a hospital, both in Serbia and in Europe. Even with that in mind, the authors assert that the state does not have the right to deny a woman her right to choose the circumstances and the environment in which she will give birth. By doing that the state breaches the woman's right to privacy, right to personal autonomy and right to self-determination in respect of her own body, which are all founded in the constitutionally guaranteed inviolability of the human personality. That is why the authors believe the state is obliged to provide the legitimacy to the woman's choice of the place of her child's birth. Moreover, the state should take a step further and enable the woman with accessible and professional medical assistance (of a midwife) in case she wishes to give birth at her home. Further on, the research into Serbian legislation and practice conducted by the authors and presented in this article, demonstrates that even though current Serbian legislation on birth registration expressly provides for registration of birth outside of medical institutions, that its implementation is not uniform across the state, leading to discrimination of these parents and their children, at least in some areas of Serbia. Unequal treatment in relation to registration of births which occurred outside of hospitals can be attributed to several factors, among which, the registrars' desire to prevent undesirable situations such as obduction of children or false registration of birth certainly cannot be underestimated. However, as the authors point out, this must not be at the expence of parents who, by practicing their right to choose the place of childbirth, choose that their children be born at their homes. Because of that, the authors particularly stress the need for thorough analysis of legislation - both in the area of health protection and birth registration - so that clearer regulation would ensure realisation of the right to choose the place of childbirth which the European Court of Human Rights declared to be an element of the right to privacy guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
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