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CC BY-NC 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2016; 43(04): 365-370
DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.4.365
Original Article

Development and Validation of the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale

Mohsen Naraghi
1Division of Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Rhinology Research Society, Tehran, Iran
,
Mohammad Atari 
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Background There is a growing concern in the field of aesthetic surgery about the need to measure patients' expectations preoperatively. The present study was designed to develop and validate the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale (EARS), and to compare expectations between rhinoplasty patients with and without body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).

Methods In total, 162 college students and 20 rhinoplasty candidates were recruited. The measures included the newly developed EARS, a measure of psychopathology, and demographics. The DSM-IV structured clinical interview for BDD was used to confirm the diagnosis in rhinoplasty patients.

Results The EARS was constructed of six items based on their significant content validity. In the scale development phase, Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.98) over a four-week period. Scores on the EARS were significantly positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms (r=0.16; P<0.05). Moreover, comparison of EARS scores between BDD (M=25.90, standard deviation [SD=6.91) and non-BDD rhinoplastic patients (M=15.70, SD=5.27) suggested that BDD patients held significantly higher expectations (P<0.01).

Conclusions The expectations of aesthetic rhinoplasty patients toward surgery may play a crucial role in their postoperative satisfaction. While the value of patients' expectations is clinically recognized, no empirical study has measured these expectations in a psychometrically sound manner. The current study developed and validated the EARS. It may be easily used as a valid and reliable instrument in clinical and research settings.

Keywords

Rhinoplasty - Psychology - Psychometrics - Body dysmorphic disorders

This article was presented at the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) in September of 2015; Dallas, Texas, US.




Publication History

Received: 07 January 2016

Accepted: 21 June 2016

Article published online:
20 April 2022

© 2016. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, permitting unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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