Background
Methods
Design
Participants
Participant # | Sex | Age (years) | Height (m) | Weight (kg) | Body Mass Index (Weight/Height2) | Time since SCI/D (years) | Origin of SCI/D | ASIA-Motor Score (/100) | ASIA-Sensory Score (/224) | ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) | ASIA Neurological level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 26.7 | 1.61 | 61.4 | 23.7 | 2.2 | Trauma | 50 | 104 | A | T6 |
2 | M | 28.4 | 1.78 | 73.9 | 23.3 | 5.1 | Trauma | 50 | 108 | A | T6 |
3 | M | 63.1 | 1.85 | 96.0 | 28.0 | 8.3 | Trauma | 50 | 143 | A | T10 |
4 | M | 32.2 | 1.92 | 91.2 | 24.7 | 8.0 | Trauma | 50 | 118 | A | T6 |
5 | M | 42.9 | 1.8 | 66.6 | 20.6 | 14.4 | Trauma | 28 | 48 | A | C6 |
6 | M | 51.5 | 1.67 | 61.9 | 22.2 | 31.4 | Trauma | 50 | 140 | B | T6 |
7 | M | 43.8 | 1.8 | 107.2 | 33.1 | 3.4 | Trauma | 50 | 143 | A | T10 |
8 | M | 35.3 | 1.87 | 67.9 | 19.4 | 8.6 | Trauma | 50 | 108 | A | T6 |
9 | M | 38.1 | 1.6 | 64.3 | 25.1 | 6.9 | Trauma | 50 | 115 | A | T9 |
10 | M | 27.2 | 1.7 | 56.2 | 19.4 | 4.2 | Trauma | 50 | 104 | A | T4 |
11 | F | 31.1 | 1.6 | 63.7 | 24.9 | 1.0 | Trauma | 54 | 123 | A | T8 |
12 | F | 39.4 | 1.68 | 75.5 | 26.8 | 4.7 | Trauma | 50 | 80 | A | T3 |
13 | F | 51.9 | 1.62 | 58.5 | 22.3 | 5.2 | Non-Trauma | 50 | 96 | A | T4 |
14 | F | 30.9 | 1.63 | 48.7 | 18.3 | 0.8 | Trauma | 50 | 106 | A | T6 |
Mean | 38.7 | 1.7 | 70.9 | 23.7 | 7.4 | 48.7 | 109.7 | ||||
Standard deviation | 10.9 | 0.1 | 16.5 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 25.4 |
Robotic exoskeleton
Locomotor training program
Main outcome measures
Attendance | Learnability and Performance | Mobility Aid and Physical Assistance | Safety | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject ID | # of training sessions completed (/18) | Length of time spent standing upright (min/session) | Length of time spent walking (min/session) | Number of steps taken (steps/session) | Walking Speed (m/s) | First training session | Last training session | Use of controller (session achieved) | Shoulder pain or stiffness | Thumb Tendinitis (Adductor) | Knee instability | Pressure Drop (Request to sit) | Fracture (Ankle - Bilat) | ||||||||
Level of assistance | Walking Aid | Number of PT needed | Level of assistance | Walking Aid | Number of PT needed | ||||||||||||||||
mean (SD) | [min;max] | mean (SD) | [min;max] | mean (SD) | [min;max] | Start | End | ||||||||||||||
1 | 18 | 52(12) | [19; 70] | 30(9) | [8;45] | 1240(492) | [297;2087] | 0.16 | 0.29 | 3 | F.C. | 2 | 5 | F.C. | 1 | 15 | ☑ | – | – | ☑ | – |
2 | 18 | 49(6) | [41; 62] | 31(9) | [13;49] | 1169(412) | [420;2050] | 0.19 | 0.30 | 3 | F.C. | 2 | 6 | F.C. | 1 | 15 | – | – | – | ☑ | – |
3 | 18 | 56(13) | [33;87] | 30(7) | [19;41] | 828(260) | [407;1262] | 0.12 | 0.24 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 4 | F.C. | 1 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | – | – |
4 | 17 | 54(11) | [29;75] | 33(10) | [20;54] | 1096(453) | [371;2148] | 0.16 | 0.23 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 5 | F.C. | 1 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | – | – |
5 | 14 | 37(11) | [18;51] | 19(8) | [5;33] | 588(293) | [114;1056] | – | 0.20 | 2 | R.W. | 2 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | ☑ | – |
6 | 18 | 53(9) | [29;63] | 40(11) | [19;52] | 1575(535) | [738;2272] | 0.16 | 0.27 | 4 | R.W. | 1 | 6 | F.C. | 1 | 12 | ☑ | – | – | – | – |
7 | 18 | 56(9) | [34;71] | 38(9) | [22;54] | 1226(407) | [768;2101] | 0.13 | 0.30 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 4 | R.W. | 1 | Not Achieved | ☑ | – | ☑ | – | – |
8 | 1 | 51- | [51;51] | 19- | [19;19] | 455 - | [455;455] | – | – | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | – | ☑ |
9 | 18 | 45(14) | [18;60] | 34(16) | [7;55] | 1347(757) | [221;2397] | 0.13 | 0.24 | 3 | R.W. | 1 | 6 | F.C. | 1 | 13 | – | – | – | – | – |
10 | 18 | 32(10) | [12;50] | 21(9) | [6;40] | 765(386) | [254;1555] | 0.17 | 0.17 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 4 | R.W. | 1 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | ☑ | – |
11 | 18 | 55(7) | [37;64] | 41(11) | [19;53] | 1504(491) | [601;2097] | 0.16 | 0.29 | 3 | F.C. | 2 | 5 | F.C. | 1 | 12 | – | – | – | – | – |
12 | 18 | 57(6) | [38;65] | 44(9) | [24;59] | 1266(454) | [445;2093] | 0.12 | 0.22 | 3 | F.C. | 2 | 5 | F.C. | 1 | 12 | ☑ | ☑ | – | ☑ | – |
13 | 18 | 43(13) | [17;62] | 29(11) | [11;45] | 1057(485) | [317;1702] | 0.13 | 0.14 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 4 | F.C. | 1 | Not Achieved | – | – | – | ☑ | – |
14 | 18 | 55(10) | [39;71] | 42(12) | [22;58] | 1711(614) | [567;2527] | 0.15 | 0.28 | 3 | R.W. | 2 | 6 | F.C. | 1 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – |
Mean | 17.6a | 49.7 | 33.4b | 1190b | 0.15 | 0.25 | |||||||||||||||
Standard deviation | 1.1 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 561.4 | 0.02 | 0.05 |