Background
Methods
Study design
Patients, assessments and diagnosis
Statistical analysis
Results
Subject characteristics and propensity scores
DLB | AD | AD + DLB |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 74.4 ± 8.4 | 77.3 ± 8.1 | 79.1 ± 7.46 | <0.001 |
Sex, male | 52.2 | 34.9 | 43.6 | <0.001 |
Education levela
| 3.1 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
MMSE outcome
Mean | SEM | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
AD | 19.44 | 0.1522 | 19.15 | 19.79 |
DLB | 21.67 | 0.1526 | 21.87 | 23.38 |
AD + DLB | 20.41 | 0.1963 | 19.32 | 22.68 |
Differences between centres for the rate of diagnosis
Alzheimer’s disease | Dementia with Lewy bodies | Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P = 0.122c
| ||||||
P = 0.777d
| ||||||
P = 0.038a
,
b
| ||||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | |
Neurologist in liberal | 30 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Memory centre | 300 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 4 | 14 |
Memory Resource and Research Centre | 670 | 67 | 102 | 78 | 24 | 86 |
Total | 1000 | 100 | 131 | 100 | 28 | 100 |
Patients | Initial MMSE score | Memory storage deficit | Language deficit | Executive deficit | Visuospatial and/or visuoperceptive and/or visuoconstructive deficit | Visual hallucinations | Fluctuations | Parkinsonism | RBD | Hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI | CSF | FDG-PET or perfusion SPECT | AD or DLB diagnosed first | Years between diagnoses | DAT, flutemetamol, EEG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 18 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yes (left) | 3 | Hypometabolism frontal, parietal, insular | AD | 4 | |
2 | 22 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yes | Yes | ND | Hypometabolism temporal, occipital | AD | 3 | |
3 | 24 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 3 | hypometabolism frontal, temporal, parietal | DLB | 1 | Slow wave EEG |
4 | 26 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | 1 (P-Tau) | Hypometabolism frontal, temporal, parietal | AD | 6 | |
5 | 25 | Yes | Yes | Yes | ND | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 1 (Aβ) | hypometabolism frontal, parietal, occipital | AD | 5 | |
6 | 24 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yesa
| No | No | Yes (left) | 2 (tau, p-tau) | hypometabolism temporal, parietal, occipital | AD | 5 | |
7 | 16 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yes | No | No | Yes (right) | 3 | Hypometabolism temporal, parietal | AD | 2 | |
8 | 24 | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | 2 (tau, p-tau) | ND | AD | 4 | |
9 | 21 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2 (p-tau, Aβ) | Hypoperfusion frontal, temporal, occipital | DLB | 3 | Pathological DAT slow wave EEG |
10 | 25 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ND | ND | AD | 1 | Pathological DAT slow wave EEG |
11 | 25 | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yes | ND | ND | AD | 6 | |
12 | 26 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | No | 3 | ND | AD | 4 | Pathological PET with flutemetamol |
13 | 28 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yes | ND | ND | AD | 3 | Pathological DAT scan |
14 | 24 | Yes | No | No | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| No | No | Yes | ND | Hypoperfusion temporal, occipital | AD | 5 | |
15 | 20 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yesa
| Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ND | Hypoperfusion temporal, parietal, insular | DLB | 2 | Pathological DAT scan |
16 | 22 | Yes | No | No | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yes | 3 | Hypoperfusion temporal | AD | 7 | |
17 | 26 | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| Yes | No | ND | ND | AD | 1 | Pathological PET with flutemetamol |
18 | 24 | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yesa
| Yesa
| No | Yesa
| Yes (right) | 0 | ND | AD | 3 | |
19 | 24 | No | No | Yes | No | Yesa
| Yes | Yesa
| No | Yes | 0 | Hypoperfusion temporal, parietal, insular | DLB | 4 | Pathological PET with flutemetamol |