Background
Methods
Results
Demographic and socioeconomic factors | Number (%) |
---|---|
Age in years, mean (SD)
| 37.2 ± 15.9 |
Gender
| |
Male | 147 (31%) |
Female | 322 (69%) |
Marital status
| |
Single | 240 (51%) |
Married | 187 (40%) |
Separated, Divorced, Widowed | 28 (6%) |
Domestic union (living together) | 14 (3%) |
Education
| |
High School | 34 (7%) |
College | 249 (53%) |
Graduate or Professional | 180 (38%) |
Grade school or no formal education | 6 (1%) |
Annual household income (n = 441, missing data n = 18) | |
< $25,000 | 67 (15%) |
$25,000 - $50,000 | 77 (17%) |
$50,001 - $75,000 | 73 (17%) |
$75,001 - $100,000 | 62 (14%) |
> $100,000 | 162 (37%) |
Has health insurance
| 419 (89%) |
Acculturation, n = 410
| |
Generation in the United States
| |
First generation (born outside US) | 160 (39%) |
Second Generation | 175 (43%) |
Third Generation | 41 (10%) |
Fourth Generation | 26 (6%) |
Fifth Generation | 8 (2%) |
Self-rated acculturation, n = 410 (missing response n = 59) | |
Very Asian | 46 (11%) |
Mostly Asian | 72 (18%) |
Bicultural | 159 (39%) |
Mostly Westernized | 88 (21%) |
Very Westernized | 45 (11%) |
Additional parameters
| |
Personal history of skin cancer
| 8 (1.7%) |
Family history of skin cancer
| 19 (4.1%) |
Co-worker or friend with history of skin cancer
| 116 (25%) |
Has heard of ABCDEs of melanoma
| 79 (16.8%) |
Belief in skin self-examination (n = 466, missing response n = 3) | |
Disagree | 82 (18%) |
Neutral | 97 (21%) |
Agree | 287 (61%) |
Ever performed skin self-examination (SSE)
| |
Never | 159 (34%) |
1-3 times | 144 (31%) |
4-6 times | 39 (8%) |
7-9 times | 5 (1%) |
10 or more times | 94 (20%) |
Not sure | 28 (6%) |
Ever had skin checked by dermatologist
| |
Never | 237 (51%) |
1-3 times | 155 (34%) |
4-6 times | 38 (8%) |
7-9 times | 5 (1%) |
10 or more times | 23 (5%) |
Not sure | 11 (2%) |
Self-assessed risk for getting skin cancer during lifetime, n = 465 | |
Mildly agree | 185 (40%) |
Mildly disagree | 41 (9%) |
Neither agree nor disagree | 72 (15%) |
Strongly agree | 144 (31%) |
Strongly disagree | 23 (5%) |
Skin burns when exposed to strong sunshine without protection, n = 460 | |
Not at all | 32 (7%) |
Somewhat | 203 (44%) |
Very little | 118 (26%) |
Yes (red, painful burn) | 107 (23%) |
Skin tans when exposed to strong sunshine without protection, n = 452 | |
Not tan at all - I just burn | 15 (3%) |
Tan Slightly | 86 (19%) |
Tan deeply | 140 (31%) |
Tan moderately | 211 (47%) |
Number of blistering sunburns in lifetime, n = 468 | |
0 | 206 (44%) |
1 - 2 | 168 (36%) |
3 - 4 | 65 (14%) |
5 or more | 29 (6) |
Demographic and socioeconomic factors | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (1 year)
| 1.02 (1.01 - 1.04) |
<0.0001
| 1.00 (0.97 - 1.03) | 0.89 |
Gender (Female (ref = Male))
| 1.63 (1.09 - 2.43) |
0.02
| 1.17 (0.62 - 2.21) | 0.64 |
Marital status
| ||||
Single
| Ref |
<0.001
| Ref | 0.09 |
Married
| 2.02 (1.37 - 2.97) | 2.52 (1.06 - 5.99) | ||
Separated, Divorced, Widowed
| 3.90 (1.65 - 9.22) | 3.05 (0.65 - 14.3) | ||
Education
| ||||
High School
| Ref | 0.83 | Ref | 0.60 |
College
| 1.12 (0.55 - 2.31) | 1.84 (0.55 - 6.11) | ||
Graduate/Professional School
| 1.00 (0.48 - 2.10) | 1.62 (0.46 - 5.72) | ||
Annual household income
| ||||
< $25,000
| Ref |
0.004
| Ref | 0.21 |
$25,001-50,000
| 1.61 (0.79 - 3.28) | 1.83 (0.65 - 5.14) | ||
$50,001-75,000
| 3.24 (1.59 - 6.61) | 3.01 (1.03 - 8.79) | ||
$75,001-100,000
| 2.98 (1.43 - 6.23) | 3.33 (1.10 - 10.07) | ||
> $100,000
| 2.68 (1.44 - 4.99) | 2.19 (0.86 - 5.62) | ||
Has health insurance
| 0.77 (0.38 - 1.57) | 0.47 | 0.62 (0.21 - 1.84) | 0.39 |
Acculturation
| ||||
Generation in the United States
| ||||
First Generation (born outside US)
| Ref |
<0.0001
| Ref | |
Second Generation
| 1.92 (1.23 - 2.99) | 1.83 (0.92 - 3.61) | 0.40 | |
Third Generation
| 3.68 (1.77 - 7.65) | 1.52 (0.45 - 5.15) | ||
Fourth or more Generation
| 2.99 (1.37 - 6.52) | 1.63 (0.52 - 5.04) | ||
Self-rated acculturation
| ||||
Very Asian
| Ref |
0.001
| Ref | 0.44 |
Mostly Asian
| 2.52 (1.12 - 5.67) | 0.94 (0.34 - 2.56) | ||
Bicultural
| 2.15 (1.03 - 4.47) | 1.09 (0.37 - 3.22) | ||
Mostly Westernized
| 4.82 (2.17 - 10.67) | 1.81 (0.59 - 5.58) | ||
Very Westernized
| 3.76 (1.52 - 9.34) | 1.83 (0.48 - 6.92) | ||
Additional parameters
| ||||
Personal history of skin cancer
| 7.71 (0.94 - 63.11) | 0.06 | NR* | |
Family history of skin cancer
| 3.92 (1.27 - 12.05) |
0.02
| 5.67 (0.94 - 34.08) | 0.06 |
Co-worker or friend with history of skin cancer
| 2.37 (1.52 - 3.69) |
0.001
| 1.05 (0.54 - 2.05) | 0.89 |
Has heard of ABCDEs of melanoma
| 1.78 (1.08 - 2.94) |
0.03
| 1.20 (0.57 - 2.53) | 0.64 |
Belief in SSE
| ||||
Disagree
| Ref |
<0.0001
| Ref | 0.23 |
Agree
| 2.44 (1.45 - 4.12) | 1.29 (0.50 - 3.32) | ||
Neutral
| 1.05 (0.56 - 1.97) | 1.98 (0.84 - 4.67) | ||
Ever performed SSE
| 4.28 (2.79 - 6.59) |
<0.0001
| 2.99 (1.54 - 5.80) |
0.0012
|
Self-assessed risk for getting skin cancer during lifetime, n = 465 | ||||
Strongly disagree | Ref | 0.0099 | Ref | 0.13 |
Mildly agree | 1.34 (0.54 - 3.35) | 1.18 (0.28 - 5.00) | ||
Mildly disagree | 1.58 (0.54 - 4.61) | 1.72 (0.33 - 8.98) | ||
Neither agree nor disagree | 1.17 (0.43 - 3.15) | 0.60 (0.13 - 2.76) | ||
Strongly agree | 2.69 (1.06 - 6.82) | 1.99 (0.45 - 8.73) | ||
Skin burns when exposed to strong sunshine without protection
| ||||
Not at all | Ref | 0.54 | Ref | 0.05 |
Somewhat | 1.46 (0.67 - 3.17) | 1.37 (0.43 - 4.40) | ||
Very little | 1.70 (0.76 - 3.81) | 2.53 (0.76 - 8.46) | ||
Yes (red, painful burn) | 1.52 (0.67 - 3.45) | 0.77 (0.22 - 2.74) | ||
Skin tans when exposed to strong sunshine without protection
| ||||
Not tan at all - I just burn | Ref | 0.20 | Ref | 0.13 |
Tan Slightly | 1.61 (0.51 - 5.12) | 0.37 (0.06 - 2.25) | ||
Tan deeply | 2.45 (0.80 - 7.55) | 0.85 (0.15 - 4.84) | ||
Tan moderately | 1.76 (0.58 - 5.34) | 0.57 (0.10 - 3.15) | ||
Number of blistering sunburns in lifetime
| ||||
0 | Ref | 0.78 | Ref | 0.73 |
1 - 2 | 1.13 (0.75 - 1.71) | 1.28 (0.67 - 2.43) | ||
3 - 4 | 1.30 (0.74 - 2.28) | 1.32 (0.58 - 3.01) | ||
5 or more | 1.28 (0.57 - 2.85) | 1.92 (0.49 - 7.49) |
Characteristic | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|
Education
| 0.24 | |
High School
| Ref | |
College
| 2.19 (0.80 - 6.00) | |
Graduate/Professional School
| 1.64 (0.57 - 4.74) | |
Annual household income
| 0.07 | |
< $25,000
| Ref | |
$25,001-50,000
| 1.93 (0.79 - 4.72) | |
$50,001-75,000
|
3.19 (1.24 - 8.23)
| |
$75,001-100,000
|
3.70 (1.41 - 9.71)
| |
> $100,000
|
2.60 (1.13 - 6.02)
| |
Has health insurance
| 0.55 (0.22 - 1.41) | 0.22 |
Ever performed SSE
|
3.32 (1.95 - 5.65)
|
<0.0001
|
Marital status
|
0.02
| |
Single
| Ref | |
Married
|
2.04 (1.13 - 3.70)
| |
Separated, Divorced, Widowed
|
3.56 (1.01 - 12.61)
| |
Family history of skin cancer
|
6.50 (1.15 - 36.69)
|
0.03
|
Generation in the United States
|
0.02
| |
First Generation (born outside US)
| Ref | |
Second Generation
|
2.11 (1.20 - 3.72)
| |
Third Generation
| 2.21 (0.85 - 5.80) | |
Fourth or more Generation
|
3.14 (1.17 - 8.42)
|