Background
Methods
Patients
Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention
Follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Lower-TG group | Higher-TG group | P | |
---|---|---|---|
N
| 163 | 84 | |
Age,
yrs
| 67.1 ± 13.2 | 56.1 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
Female
(%)
| 22 (13.6) | 19 (22.6) | 0.100 |
Hypertension
(%)
| 97 (59.5) | 61 (72.6) | 0.058 |
DM
(%)
| 46 (28.2) | 34 (40.5) | 0.071 |
Smoking
(%)
| 99 (60.7) | 56 (66.7) | 0.439 |
BMI,
kg/m
2
| 24.1 ± 3.5 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
Previous CAD
(%)
| 22 (13.5) | 5 (6.0) | 0.113 |
Previous stroke
(%)
| 15 (9.2) | 5 (6.0) | 0.522 |
Carotid stenosis
(%)
| 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.303 |
PAD
(%)
| 3 (1.8) | 2 (2.4) | 1.000 |
eGFR,
ml/min
| 46.7 ± 18.5 | 57.6 ± 20.5 | <0.001 |
Previous hypolipid drugs
| |||
Statin
| 21 (12.9) | 12 (14.3) | 0.913 |
Fibrate
| 1 (0.6) | 3 (3.6) | 0.115 |
Admission lipid profile
| |||
HDL,
mg/dl
| 45.4 ± 10.8 | 37.4 ± 8 | <0.001 |
LDL,
mg/dl
| 100.9 ± 31.6 | 106.6 ± 41.4 | 0.231 |
TC/HDL
| 3.65 ± 0.87 | 5.02 ± 1.36 | <0.001 |
LDL/HDL
| 2.32 ± 0.81 | 2.93 ± 1.28 | <0.001 |
TG,
mg/dl
(range)
| 83.6 ± 34.3 (13–149) | 258.6 ± 136.8 (152–805) | <0.001 |
Cardiogenic shock
(%)
| 29 (17.8) | 7 (8.3) | 0.071 |
ECG, coronary angiographic findings, pPCI results and in-hospital outcomes
Lower-TG group | High-TG group | P | |
---|---|---|---|
N
|
163
|
84
| |
ECG infarct area
| |||
Anterior (%)
|
87
(53.4)
|
51
(
60.7
)
|
0.334
|
Inferior (%)
|
72
(
44.2
)
|
33
(
39.3
)
|
0.548
|
True posterior (%)
|
2
(
1.2
)
|
2
(
2.4
)
|
0.607
|
High lateral (%)
|
8
(
4.9
)
|
4
(
4.8
)
|
1.000
|
Severity of CAD
| |||
Number of diseased vessels
|
1.8 ± 0.8
|
1.8 ± 0.8
|
0.906
|
SVD (%)
|
76
(
46.6
)
|
37
(
44.0
)
|
0.802
|
DVD (%)
|
50
(
30.7
)
|
30
(
35.7
)
|
0.501
|
TVD (%)
|
37
(
22.7
)
|
17
(
20.2
)
|
0.779
|
LM involvement (%)
|
7
(
4.3
)
|
1
(
1.2
)
|
0.271
|
Treated ( culprit ) vessel
| |||
LM (%)
|
2
(
1.2
)
|
1
(
1.2
)
|
1.000
|
LAD (%)
|
86
(
52.8
)
|
51
(
60.7
)
|
0.291
|
LCx (%)
|
18
(
11
)
|
6
(
7.1
)
|
0.451
|
RCA (%)
|
57
(
35
)
|
28
(
33.3
)
|
0.908
|
Ramus medianus (%)
|
1
(
0.6
)
|
0
(
0
)
|
1.000
|
Door to balloon time,
min
|
90.5 ± 42.1
|
87.7 ± 29
|
0.587
|
Interventions
| |||
Balloon angioplasty (%)
|
161
(
98.8
)
|
81
(
96.4
)
|
0.341
|
Thrombectomy
| |||
Aspiration (%)
|
103
(
63.2
)
|
55
(
65.5
)
|
0.83
|
Rheolytic (%)
|
3
(
1.8
)
|
2
(
2.4
)
|
1.000
|
Stenting
| |||
Nil (%)
|
15
(
9.2
)
|
10
(
11.9
)
|
0.657
|
DES (%)
|
37
(
22.7
)
|
21
(
25.0
)
|
0.806
|
BMS (%)
|
108
(
66.3
)
|
52
(
61.9
)
|
0.591
|
DES + BMS (%)
|
3
(
1.8
)
|
1
(
1.2
)
|
1.000
|
Final TIMI flow
| |||
Grade 3 (%)
|
153
(
93.9
)
|
82
(
97.6
)
|
0.231
|
Grade 2 (%)
|
10
(
6.1
)
|
2
(
2.4
)
|
0.231
|
Grade 1/0 (%)
|
0
(
0
)
|
0
(
0
)
|
0
|
In-hospital outcome
| |||
LVEF, %
|
43.8 ± 10.9
|
46.9 ± 9.5
|
0.031
|
Cardiac markers
| |||
Peak CK, mg/dl
|
2683.3 ± 2451.8
|
2735.1 ± 2676.8
|
0.897
|
Complications
| |||
New cardiogenic shock (%)
|
21
(
12.9
)
|
6
(
7.1
)
|
0.248
|
Respiratory failure (%)
|
30
(
18.4
)
|
8
(
9.5
)
|
0.100
|
Ventricular arrhythmia (%)
|
25
(
15.3
)
|
8
(
9.5
)
|
0.282
|
New atrial fibrillation (%)
|
16
(
9.8
)
|
3
(
3.6
)
|
0.142
|
Emergency CABG (%)
|
0
(
0
)
|
2
(
2.4
)
|
0.115
|
In hospital Death* (%)
|
6
(
3.7
)
|
0
(
0
)
|
0.098
|
Variable | Hazard ratio | 95% C.I. | P* | P†
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables in the model
| ||||
CAD number | 4.620 | 1.006-21.223 | 0.038 | 0.049 |
1 (reference) | 1 | |||
>1 | 4.620 | 1.006-21.223 | 0.038 | 0.049 |
Peak CK | 1.001 | 1.000-1.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
TG | 0.963 | 0.931-0.995 | 0.049 | 0.023 |
Variables not in the model
| ||||
Age | 0.19 | |||
Male | 0.794 | |||
Hypertension | 0.339 | |||
DM | 0.419 | |||
Cholesterol | 0.047 | NS | ||
ECG to balloon time | 0.753 | |||
LM involvement | 0.102 | NS | ||
Cardiogenic shock | 0.004 | NS | ||
Anterior infarction | 0.770 | |||
Culprit LAD | 0.286 | |||
Culprit LCx | 0.844 | |||
Culprit RCA | 0.424 | |||
Culprit LM | 0.015 | NS | ||
TIMI grade | <0.001 | NS | ||
Thrombectomy | ||||
Aspiration | 0.339 | |||
Rheolytic | 0.040 | NS |
Long-term outcomes
Lower-TG group | Higher-TG group | P | |
---|---|---|---|
N
| 157 | 84 | |
Take-home medications
| |||
Aspirin (%)
| 153 (97.5) | 84 (100.0) | 0.301 |
Clopidogrel (%)
| 154 (98.1) | 83 (98.8) | 1.000 |
*RAAS inhibitor (%)
| 145 (92.4) | 77 (91.7) | 1.000 |
Beta Blocker (%)
| 77 (47.2) | 47 (56.0) | 0.375 |
Statin (%)
| 91 (58) | 54 (64.3) | 0.414 |
Fibrate (%)
| 2 (1.3) | 11 (13.1) | <0.001 |
Follow-up years
(mean)
| 1.23 (0.22-3.78) | 1.40 (0.44-3.73) | 0.126 |
MACE
| |||
Non-fatal MI (%)
| 17 (10.8) | 3 (3.6) | 0.0731†
|
TVR (%)
| 34 (21.7) | 8 (9.5) | 0.0111†
|
De novo lesion (%)
| 9 (5.7) | 4(4.8) | 0.404†
|
Cardiac Death (%)
| 7 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0.1688†
|
All-Cause Mortality (%)
| 13 (8.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0.1392†
|
Overall (%)
| 41 (26.1) | 10 (11.9) | 0.0137†
|
Variable | Hazard ratio | 95% C.I. | P |
---|---|---|---|
TVR
| |||
TG*
| 0.993 | 0.988-0.998 | 0.007 |
CAD number*
| |||
1 ( reference )
| 1 | ||
>1
| 2.717 | 1.655-4.458 | <0.001 |
Overall MACE
| |||
TG*
| 0.994 | 0.990-0.999 | 0.016 |
CAD number*
| |||
1 ( reference )
| 1 | ||
>1
| 2.706 | 1.730-4.234 | <0.001 |