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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 12/2016

21.09.2016 | Lymphome | Leitthema

Lymphome bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Dieter Körholz, Christine Mauz-Körholz, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Wolfram Klapper, Birgit Burkhardt, Wilhelm Woessmann

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 12/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Lymphome stellen mehr als 15 % der Malignome bei Kindern und Jugendlichen.

Ziel

Die Entwicklung des heutigen Diagnostik- und Therapiestandards bei malignen Lymphomen im Kindes- und Jugendalter wird referiert.

Material und Methoden

Die im Rahmen von Originalarbeiten publizierten Ergebnisse aus eigenen klinischen Studien, ergänzt durch Literaturdaten aus PubMed, werden vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Bei den Hodgkin-Lymphomen (HL) werden klassische HL (ca. 90 %) und noduläre lymphozytenprädominante HL (nLPHL) unterschieden. Die Non-Hodgkin Lymphome (NHL) des Kindes- und Jugendalters werden nach der WHO-Klassifikation anhand des Immunphänotyps und Entwicklungsstadiums der Zelle eingeteilt. Die reifzelligen B‑NHL (Burkitt-Lymphome, 46 % und diffus-großzellige B‑NHL, 8 %) stellen über die Hälfte der pädiatrischen NHL, daneben finden sich v. a. Vorläufer-B- und -T-NHL (lymphoblastische Lymphome, 21 %) sowie großzellig anaplastische Lymphome (ALCL, 13 %). Die Verteilung der NHL-Subtypen wandelt sich mit zunehmendem Alter hin zu mehr erwachsenentypischen Lymphomen. Zwischen den HL und NHL stehen die sog. Grauzonenlymphome (GZL), bei denen eine eindeutuige Zuordnung zur einen oder anderen Entität (HL oder NHL) nicht möglich ist. Der exakten Diagnosestellung kommt aufgrund der subtypenspezifischen Behandlung eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Alle Lymphomentitäten HL, NHL und GZL sind in der aktuellen WHO-Klassifikation erfasst. Derzeit werden Überlebensraten von über 80 % (NHL) bzw. 97 % (HL) erreicht.

Diskussion

Viel mehr als bei erwachsenen HL-Patienten steht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit HL die Vermeidung von Spätfolgen im Mittelpunkt. Hieraus ergeben sich erhebliche unterschiedliche Behandlungsstrategien. Daher sollten alle Patienten bis zum 18. Lebensjahr in einem akkreditierten pädiatrisch-onkologischen Zentrum behandelt werden.
Fußnoten
1
Für alle initial betroffenen Lymphknotenregionen gilt: Residuelles Volumen der betroffenen Region unter 2 ml und die Volumenresponse für jede individuelle Region beträgt mehr als 75 %.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Lymphome bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Dieter Körholz
Christine Mauz-Körholz
Stefan Gattenlöhner
Wolfram Klapper
Birgit Burkhardt
Wilhelm Woessmann
Publikationsdatum
21.09.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 12/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-016-0111-8

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