Background
Methods
Study design and patients
ROI in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space
Macroscopic assessment of synovitis with arthroscopy
Microscopic assessment of synovitis
Statistical analyses
Results
Patient demographics
Characteristicsa | Value |
---|---|
Ageb (yr) | 62.5 ± 7.0 |
Sex, M:F | 16:38 |
Dominance, Y:N | 47:7 |
Durationb (mo) | 15.0 ± 21.0 |
Cofield type, small:medium:large:massive | 4:31:11:8 |
Boileau stage, I:II:III:IV | 18;21:10:5 |
Tendon grade, A:B:Cc | 21:29:4 |
Kellgren-Lawrence grade, 0:1:2:3:4d | 10:37:7:0:0 |
GFDIb | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
Associated lesions | |
SLAP lesion | 34 (63.0 %) |
Subscapularis tear | 14 (25.9 %) |
Biceps tear | 6 (11.1 %) |
Inter- and intra-observer reliability of the macroscopic and microscopic assessments
Inter-observer | Intra-observer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICC | 95 % CIa | p value | ICC | 95 % CI | p value | |
Macroscopic parameters | ||||||
Hypertrophy | 0.936 | (0.915, 0.951) | < .001 | 0.960 | (0.948, 0.969) | < .001 |
Hyperemia | 0.935 | (0.916, 0.950) | < .001 | 0.885 | (0.851, 0.911) | < .001 |
Density | 0.955 | (0.941, 0.966) | < .001 | 0.962 | (0.950, 0.971) | < .001 |
Macroscopic grade | 0.949 | (0.933, 0.961) | < .001 | 0.959 | (0.947, 0.969) | < .001 |
Microscopic assessment | ||||||
Østergaard | 0.924 | (0.900, 0.942) | < .001 | 0.947 | (0.931, 0.959 | < .001 |
Loeuille | 0.910 | (0.882, 0.932) | < .001 | 0.931 | (0.911, 0.947) | < .001 |
Modified Krenn | 0.948 | (0.932, 0.961) | < .001 | 0.969 | (0.960, 0.977) | < .001 |
Scanzello | 0.884 | (0.848, 0.912) | < .001 | 0.973 | (0.964, 0.979) | < .001 |
Macroscopic assessment of synovitis in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space
Glenohumeral jointa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior | Posterior | Inferior | p value | Averageb | p value* | |
Macroscopic parameter | ||||||
Hypertrophy | 1.22 ± 0.60 | 1.30 ± 0.66 | 1.06 ± 0.68 | .148 | 1.19 ± 0.50 | < .001 |
Hyperemia | 0.50 ± 0.50 | 0.57 ± 0.50 | 0.22 ± 0.42 | < .001 | 0.43 ± 0.34 | < .001 |
Density | 0.67 ± 0.48 | 0.83 ± 0.38 | 0.59 ± 0.50 | .020 | 0.70 ± 0.33 | < .001 |
Macroscopic grade | 1.56 ± 0.79 | 1.81 ± 0.78 | 1.26 ± 0.65 | .001 | 1.54 ± 0.61 | < .001 |
Microscopic assessment | ||||||
Østergaard | 1.18 ± 0.52 | 1.20 ± 0.49 | 1.16 ± 0.35 | .878 | 1.18 ± 0.46 | .002 |
Loeuille | 1.44 ± 0.58 | 1.49 ± 0.54 | 1.46 ± 0.41 | .890 | 1.46 ± 0.51 | .002 |
m. Krenn | 1.43 ± 1.06 | 1.52 ± 0.84 | 1.25 ± 0.72 | .269 | 1.40 ± 0.88 | .019 |
Scanzello | 1.17 ± 1.09 | 1.50 ± 1.04 | 1.31 ± 1.04 | .265 | 1.33 ± 1.06 | .390 |
Subacromial spacea | ||||||
Anterior | Posterior | Medial | Lateral | p value | Averagec | |
Macroscopic parameter | ||||||
Hypertrophy | 0.78 ± 0.77 | 0.41 ± 0.63 | 0.80 ± 0.74 | 1.02 ± 0.74 | < .001 | 0.75 ± 0.47 |
Hyperemia | 0.19 ± 0.39 | 0.09 ± 0.29 | 0.19 ± 0.39 | 0.20 ± 0.41 | .406 | 0.17 ± 0.27 |
Density | 0.46 ± 0.50 | 0.20 ± 0.41 | 0.59 ± 0.50 | 0.56 ± 0.50 | < .001 | 0.45 ± 0.32 |
Macroscopic grade | 1.00 ± 0.77 | 0.59 ± 0.84 | 0.94 ± 0.66 | 1.24 ± 0.78 | < .001 | 0.94 ± 0.56 |
Microscopic assessment | ||||||
Østergaard | 1.03 ± 0.29 | 1.03 ± 0.27 | 1.07 ± 0.37 | 0.94 ± 0.35 | .101 | 1.04 ± 0.31 |
Loeuille | 1.27 ± 0.37 | 1.31 ± 0.30 | 1.33 ± 0.45 | 1.20 ± 0.42 | .166 | 1.30 ± 0.38 |
m. Krenn | 1.17 ± 0.60 | 1.07 ± 0.64 | 1.33 ± 0.79 | 1.21 ± 0.70 | .269 | 1.19 ± 0.68 |
Scanzello | 1.26 ± 1.05 | 1.07 ± 0.95 | 1.37 ± 0.81 | 1.15 ± 0.79 | .136 | 1.23 ± 0.94 |
Microscopic assessments of synovitis in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space
Association between the macroscopic and microscopic assessments
Glenohumeral joint | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior | Posterior | Inferior | Average | |||||
r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | |
Microscopic assessment | ||||||||
Østergaard | 0.502 | <.001 | 0.661 | <.001 | 0.440 | .002 | 0.683 | <.001 |
Loeuille | 0.489 | <.001 | 0.650 | <.001 | 0.384 | .012 | 0.647 | <.001 |
m. Krenn | 0.541 | <.001 | 0.693 | <.001 | 0.369 | .008 | 0.675 | <.001 |
Scanzello | 0.478 | <.001 | 0.605 | <.001 | 0.295 | .009 | 0.564 | <.001 |
Subacromial space | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior | Posterior | Medial | Lateral | Average | ||||||
r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | r | p value | |
Microscopic assessment | ||||||||||
Østergaard | 0.165 | .233 | 0.219 | .112 | 0.304 | .025 | 0.215 | .118 | 0.515 | <.001 |
Loeuille | 0.044 | .753 | 0.233 | .090 | 0.279 | .041 | 0.178 | .197 | 0.500 | <.001 |
m. Krenn | 0.243 | .077 | 0.045 | .744 | 0.182 | .188 | 0.217 | .115 | 0.370 | .006 |
Scanzello | 0.370 | .006 | 0.134 | .334 | 0.111 | .426 | 0.342 | .011 | 0.380 | .005 |