Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2020

06.02.2020 | Review

Management of brain metastases in breast cancer: a review of current practices and emerging treatments

verfasst von: Matthew N. Mills, Nicholas B. Figura, John A. Arrington, Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu, Arnold B. Etame, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Hatem Soliman, Brian J. Czerniecki, Peter A. Forsyth, Hyo S. Han, Kamran A. Ahmed

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are becoming an increasingly common diagnosis due to improved systemic control and more routine surveillance imaging. Treatment continues to require a multidisciplinary approach managing systemic and intracranial disease burden. Although, improvements have been made in the diagnosis and management of BCBM, brain metastasis patients continue to pose a challenge for practitioners.

Methods

In this review, a group of medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, breast surgeons, and neurosurgeons specializing in the treatment of breast cancer reviewed the available published literature and compiled a comprehensive review on the current state of BCBM.

Results

We discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment options (including systemic, surgical, and radiotherapy treatment modalities), and treatment response evaluation for BCBM. Furthermore, we discuss the ongoing prospective trials enrolling BCBM patients and their biologic rationale.

Conclusions

BCBM management is an increasing clinical concern. Multidisciplinary management combining the strengths of surgical, systemic, and radiation treatment modalities with prospective trials incorporating knowledge from the basic and translational sciences will ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes for BCBM patients.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams S, Schmid P, Rugo HS, Winer EP, Loirat D, Awada A, Cescon DW, Iwata H, Campone M, Nanda R, Hui R, Curigliano G, Toppmeyer D, O’Shaughnessy J, Loi S, Paluch-Shimon S, Tan AR, Card D, Zhao J, Karantza V, Cortes J (2019) Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort A of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol 30:397–404. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy517 CrossRefPubMed Adams S, Schmid P, Rugo HS, Winer EP, Loirat D, Awada A, Cescon DW, Iwata H, Campone M, Nanda R, Hui R, Curigliano G, Toppmeyer D, O’Shaughnessy J, Loi S, Paluch-Shimon S, Tan AR, Card D, Zhao J, Karantza V, Cortes J (2019) Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: cohort A of the phase II KEYNOTE-086 study. Ann Oncol 30:397–404. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdy517 CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed KA, Abuodeh YA, Echevarria MI, Arrington JA, Stallworth DG, Hogue C, Naghavi AO, Kim S, Kim Y, Patel BG, Sarangkasiri S, Johnstone PA, Sahebjam S, Khushalani NI, Forsyth PA, Harrison LB, Yu M, Etame AB, Caudell JJ (2016) Clinical outcomes of melanoma brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and anti-PD-1 therapy, anti-CTLA-4 therapy, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, BRAF inhibitor, or conventional chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 27:2288–2294. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw417 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ahmed KA, Abuodeh YA, Echevarria MI, Arrington JA, Stallworth DG, Hogue C, Naghavi AO, Kim S, Kim Y, Patel BG, Sarangkasiri S, Johnstone PA, Sahebjam S, Khushalani NI, Forsyth PA, Harrison LB, Yu M, Etame AB, Caudell JJ (2016) Clinical outcomes of melanoma brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and anti-PD-1 therapy, anti-CTLA-4 therapy, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, BRAF inhibitor, or conventional chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 27:2288–2294. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdw417 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed KA, Kim S, Arrington J, Naghavi AO, Dilling TJ, Creelan BC, Antonia SJ, Caudell JJ, Harrison LB, Sahebjam S, Gray JE, Etame AB, Johnstone PA, Yu M, Perez BA (2017) Outcomes targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in conjunction with stereotactic radiation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. J Neurooncol 133:331–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2437-5 CrossRefPubMed Ahmed KA, Kim S, Arrington J, Naghavi AO, Dilling TJ, Creelan BC, Antonia SJ, Caudell JJ, Harrison LB, Sahebjam S, Gray JE, Etame AB, Johnstone PA, Yu M, Perez BA (2017) Outcomes targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in conjunction with stereotactic radiation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. J Neurooncol 133:331–338. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11060-017-2437-5 CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M, Demas W, Ryu J, Bahary JP, Souhami L, Rotman M, Mehta MP, Curran WJ Jr (2004) Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16250-8 CrossRefPubMed Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M, Demas W, Ryu J, Bahary JP, Souhami L, Rotman M, Mehta MP, Curran WJ Jr (2004) Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665–1672. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S0140-6736(04)16250-8 CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Aoyama H, Shirato H, Tago M, Nakagawa K, Toyoda T, Hatano K, Kenjyo M, Oya N, Hirota S, Shioura H, Kunieda E, Inomata T, Hayakawa K, Katoh N, Kobashi G (2006) Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:2483–2491. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.21.2483 CrossRefPubMed Aoyama H, Shirato H, Tago M, Nakagawa K, Toyoda T, Hatano K, Kenjyo M, Oya N, Hirota S, Shioura H, Kunieda E, Inomata T, Hayakawa K, Katoh N, Kobashi G (2006) Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:2483–2491. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jama.​295.​21.​2483 CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Awada A, Colomer R, Inoue K, Bondarenko I, Badwe RA, Demetriou G, Lee SC, Mehta AO, Kim SB, Bachelot T, Goswami C, Deo S, Bose R, Wong A, Xu F, Yao B, Bryce R, Carey LA (2016) Neratinib plus paclitaxel vs trastuzumab plus paclitaxel in previously untreated metastatic ERBB2-positive breast cancer: the NEfERT-T randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2:1557–1564. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0237 CrossRefPubMed Awada A, Colomer R, Inoue K, Bondarenko I, Badwe RA, Demetriou G, Lee SC, Mehta AO, Kim SB, Bachelot T, Goswami C, Deo S, Bose R, Wong A, Xu F, Yao B, Bryce R, Carey LA (2016) Neratinib plus paclitaxel vs trastuzumab plus paclitaxel in previously untreated metastatic ERBB2-positive breast cancer: the NEfERT-T randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2:1557–1564. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jamaoncol.​2016.​0237 CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachelot T, Romieu G, Campone M, Dieras V, Cropet C, Dalenc F, Jimenez M, Le Rhun E, Pierga JY, Goncalves A, Leheurteur M, Domont J, Gutierrez M, Cure H, Ferrero JM, Labbe-Devilliers C (2013) Lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with previously untreated brain metastases from HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (LANDSCAPE): a single-group phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 14:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70432-1 CrossRefPubMed Bachelot T, Romieu G, Campone M, Dieras V, Cropet C, Dalenc F, Jimenez M, Le Rhun E, Pierga JY, Goncalves A, Leheurteur M, Domont J, Gutierrez M, Cure H, Ferrero JM, Labbe-Devilliers C (2013) Lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with previously untreated brain metastases from HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (LANDSCAPE): a single-group phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 14:64–71. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(12)70432-1 CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, Burris HA 3rd, Rugo HS, Sahmoud T, Noguchi S, Gnant M, Pritchard KI, Lebrun F, Beck JT, Ito Y, Yardley D, Deleu I, Perez A, Bachelot T, Vittori L, Xu Z, Mukhopadhyay P, Lebwohl D, Hortobagyi GN (2012) Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 366:520–529. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109653 CrossRefPubMed Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, Burris HA 3rd, Rugo HS, Sahmoud T, Noguchi S, Gnant M, Pritchard KI, Lebrun F, Beck JT, Ito Y, Yardley D, Deleu I, Perez A, Bachelot T, Vittori L, Xu Z, Mukhopadhyay P, Lebwohl D, Hortobagyi GN (2012) Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 366:520–529. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1109653 CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Blackwell KL, Burstein HJ, Storniolo AM, Rugo HS, Sledge G, Aktan G, Ellis C, Florance A, Vukelja S, Bischoff J, Baselga J, O’Shaughnessy J (2012) Overall survival benefit with lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: final results from the EGF104900 Study. J Clin Oncol 30:2585–2592. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.35.6725 CrossRefPubMed Blackwell KL, Burstein HJ, Storniolo AM, Rugo HS, Sledge G, Aktan G, Ellis C, Florance A, Vukelja S, Bischoff J, Baselga J, O’Shaughnessy J (2012) Overall survival benefit with lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: final results from the EGF104900 Study. J Clin Oncol 30:2585–2592. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2011.​35.​6725 CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonneau C, Paintaud G, Tredan O, Dubot C, Desvignes C, Dieras V, Taillibert S, Tresca P, Turbiez I, Li J, Passot C, Mefti F, Mouret-Fourme E, Le Rhun E, Gutierrez M (2018) Phase I feasibility study for intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive breast carcinomatous meningitis. Eur J Cancer 95:75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2018.02.032 CrossRefPubMed Bonneau C, Paintaud G, Tredan O, Dubot C, Desvignes C, Dieras V, Taillibert S, Tresca P, Turbiez I, Li J, Passot C, Mefti F, Mouret-Fourme E, Le Rhun E, Gutierrez M (2018) Phase I feasibility study for intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive breast carcinomatous meningitis. Eur J Cancer 95:75–84. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ejca.​2018.​02.​032 CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhaufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crino L, Blumenschein GR Jr, Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR (2015) Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 373:1627–1639. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1507643 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhaufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crino L, Blumenschein GR Jr, Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR (2015) Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 373:1627–1639. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1507643 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Brastianos PK, Carter SL, Santagata S, Cahill DP, Taylor-Weiner A, Jones RT, Van Allen EM, Lawrence MS, Horowitz PM, Cibulskis K, Ligon KL, Tabernero J, Seoane J, Martinez-Saez E, Curry WT, Dunn IF, Paek SH, Park SH, McKenna A, Chevalier A, Rosenberg M, Barker FG 2nd, Gill CM, Van Hummelen P, Thorner AR, Johnson BE, Hoang MP, Choueiri TK, Signoretti S, Sougnez C, Rabin MS, Lin NU, Winer EP, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Meyerson M, Garraway L, Gabriel S, Lander ES, Beroukhim R, Batchelor TT, Baselga J, Louis DN, Getz G, Hahn WC (2015) Genomic characterization of brain metastases reveals branched evolution and potential therapeutic targets. Cancer Discov 5:1164–1177. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0369 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brastianos PK, Carter SL, Santagata S, Cahill DP, Taylor-Weiner A, Jones RT, Van Allen EM, Lawrence MS, Horowitz PM, Cibulskis K, Ligon KL, Tabernero J, Seoane J, Martinez-Saez E, Curry WT, Dunn IF, Paek SH, Park SH, McKenna A, Chevalier A, Rosenberg M, Barker FG 2nd, Gill CM, Van Hummelen P, Thorner AR, Johnson BE, Hoang MP, Choueiri TK, Signoretti S, Sougnez C, Rabin MS, Lin NU, Winer EP, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Meyerson M, Garraway L, Gabriel S, Lander ES, Beroukhim R, Batchelor TT, Baselga J, Louis DN, Getz G, Hahn WC (2015) Genomic characterization of brain metastases reveals branched evolution and potential therapeutic targets. Cancer Discov 5:1164–1177. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1158/​2159-8290.​CD-15-0369 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown PD, Ballman KV, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Whitton AC, Greenspoon J, Parney IF, Laack NNI, Ashman JB, Bahary JP, Hadjipanayis CG, Urbanic JJ, Barker FG 2nd, Farace E, Khuntia D, Giannini C, Buckner JC, Galanis E, Roberge D (2017) Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery compared with whole brain radiotherapy for resected metastatic brain disease (NCCTG N107C/CEC.3): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1049–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30441-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brown PD, Ballman KV, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Whitton AC, Greenspoon J, Parney IF, Laack NNI, Ashman JB, Bahary JP, Hadjipanayis CG, Urbanic JJ, Barker FG 2nd, Farace E, Khuntia D, Giannini C, Buckner JC, Galanis E, Roberge D (2017) Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery compared with whole brain radiotherapy for resected metastatic brain disease (NCCTG N107C/CEC.3): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1049–1060. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(17)30441-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown PD, Jaeckle K, Ballman KV, Farace E, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Barker FG 2nd, Deming R, Burri SH, Menard C, Chung C, Stieber VW, Pollock BE, Galanis E, Buckner JC, Asher AL (2016) Effect of radiosurgery alone vs radiosurgery with whole brain radiation therapy on cognitive function in patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 316:401–409. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.9839 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brown PD, Jaeckle K, Ballman KV, Farace E, Cerhan JH, Anderson SK, Carrero XW, Barker FG 2nd, Deming R, Burri SH, Menard C, Chung C, Stieber VW, Pollock BE, Galanis E, Buckner JC, Asher AL (2016) Effect of radiosurgery alone vs radiosurgery with whole brain radiation therapy on cognitive function in patients with 1 to 3 brain metastases: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 316:401–409. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jama.​2016.​9839 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown PD, Pugh S, Laack NN, Wefel JS, Khuntia D, Meyers C, Choucair A, Fox S, Suh JH, Roberge D, Kavadi V, Bentzen SM, Mehta MP, Watkins-Bruner D, Radiation Therapy Oncology G (2013) Memantine for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neuro Oncol 15:1429–1437. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/not114 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brown PD, Pugh S, Laack NN, Wefel JS, Khuntia D, Meyers C, Choucair A, Fox S, Suh JH, Roberge D, Kavadi V, Bentzen SM, Mehta MP, Watkins-Bruner D, Radiation Therapy Oncology G (2013) Memantine for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neuro Oncol 15:1429–1437. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​not114 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Brufsky AM, Mayer M, Rugo HS, Kaufman PA, Tan-Chiu E, Tripathy D, Tudor IC, Wang LI, Brammer MG, Shing M, Yood MU, Yardley DA (2011) Central nervous system metastases in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: incidence, treatment, and survival in patients from registHER. Clin Cancer Res 17:4834–4843. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2962 CrossRefPubMed Brufsky AM, Mayer M, Rugo HS, Kaufman PA, Tan-Chiu E, Tripathy D, Tudor IC, Wang LI, Brammer MG, Shing M, Yood MU, Yardley DA (2011) Central nervous system metastases in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: incidence, treatment, and survival in patients from registHER. Clin Cancer Res 17:4834–4843. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-10-2962 CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Saura EdA C, Hlauschek D, Oliveira M, Zardavas D, Jallitsch-Halper A, de la Pena L, Nuciforo P, Ballestrero A, Fornier MN, Boer K, Ciruelos E, Valero V, Wilson TR, Stout TJ, Hsu JY, Shi Y, Piccart M, Gnant M, Baselga J (2017) Preliminary results of LORELEI a phase II randomized double blind study of neoadjuvant letrozole (LET) plus taselisib versus LET plus placebo (PLA) in postmenopausal patients (pts) with ER-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer (EBC). Ann Oncol 28:v605–v649 Saura EdA C, Hlauschek D, Oliveira M, Zardavas D, Jallitsch-Halper A, de la Pena L, Nuciforo P, Ballestrero A, Fornier MN, Boer K, Ciruelos E, Valero V, Wilson TR, Stout TJ, Hsu JY, Shi Y, Piccart M, Gnant M, Baselga J (2017) Preliminary results of LORELEI a phase II randomized double blind study of neoadjuvant letrozole (LET) plus taselisib versus LET plus placebo (PLA) in postmenopausal patients (pts) with ER-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer (EBC). Ann Oncol 28:v605–v649
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Carey K, Anders ELR, Bachelot Thomas Denis, Yardley Denise A, Awada Ahmad, Conte Pier Franco, Kabos Peter, Bear Melissa, Yang Zhengyu, Chen Yanyun, Tolaney Sara M (2019) A phase II study of abemaciclib in patients (pts) with brain metastases (BM) secondary to HR + , HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 37:1017. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.1017 CrossRef Carey K, Anders ELR, Bachelot Thomas Denis, Yardley Denise A, Awada Ahmad, Conte Pier Franco, Kabos Peter, Bear Melissa, Yang Zhengyu, Chen Yanyun, Tolaney Sara M (2019) A phase II study of abemaciclib in patients (pts) with brain metastases (BM) secondary to HR + , HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 37:1017. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2019.​37.​15_​suppl.​1017 CrossRef
23.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortes J, Dieras V, Ro J, Barriere J, Bachelot T, Hurvitz S, Le Rhun E, Espie M, Kim SB, Schneeweiss A, Sohn JH, Nabholtz JM, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Taguchi J, Piacentini F, Ciruelos E, Bono P, Ould-Kaci M, Roux F, Joensuu H (2015) Afatinib alone or afatinib plus vinorelbine versus investigator’s choice of treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer with progressive brain metastases after trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both (LUX-Breast 3): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 16:1700–1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00373-3 CrossRefPubMed Cortes J, Dieras V, Ro J, Barriere J, Bachelot T, Hurvitz S, Le Rhun E, Espie M, Kim SB, Schneeweiss A, Sohn JH, Nabholtz JM, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Taguchi J, Piacentini F, Ciruelos E, Bono P, Ould-Kaci M, Roux F, Joensuu H (2015) Afatinib alone or afatinib plus vinorelbine versus investigator’s choice of treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer with progressive brain metastases after trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both (LUX-Breast 3): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 16:1700–1710. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(15)00373-3 CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortes J, Rugo HS, Awada A, Twelves C, Perez EA, Im SA, Gomez-Pardo P, Schwartzberg LS, Dieras V, Yardley DA, Potter DA, Mailliez A, Moreno-Aspitia A, Ahn JS, Zhao C, Hoch U, Tagliaferri M, Hannah AL, O’Shaughnessy J (2017) Prolonged survival in patients with breast cancer and a history of brain metastases: results of a preplanned subgroup analysis from the randomized phase III BEACON trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 165:329–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4304-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cortes J, Rugo HS, Awada A, Twelves C, Perez EA, Im SA, Gomez-Pardo P, Schwartzberg LS, Dieras V, Yardley DA, Potter DA, Mailliez A, Moreno-Aspitia A, Ahn JS, Zhao C, Hoch U, Tagliaferri M, Hannah AL, O’Shaughnessy J (2017) Prolonged survival in patients with breast cancer and a history of brain metastases: results of a preplanned subgroup analysis from the randomized phase III BEACON trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 165:329–341. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10549-017-4304-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Cristina Saura MO, Feng Yin-Hsun, Dai Ming-Shen, Hurvitz Sara A, Kim Sung-Bae, Moy Beverly, Delaloge Suzette, Gradishar William John, Masuda Norikazu, Palacova Marketa, Trudeau Maureen E, Mattson Johanna, Yap Yoon Sim, Bryce Richard, Yao Bin, Bebchuk Judith D, Keyvanjah Kiana, Brufsky Adam (2019) Neratinib + capecitabine versus lapatinib + capecitabine in patients with HER2 + metastatic breast cancer previously treated with ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens: findings from the multinational, randomized, phase III NALA trial. JCO 37:1002. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.1002 CrossRef Cristina Saura MO, Feng Yin-Hsun, Dai Ming-Shen, Hurvitz Sara A, Kim Sung-Bae, Moy Beverly, Delaloge Suzette, Gradishar William John, Masuda Norikazu, Palacova Marketa, Trudeau Maureen E, Mattson Johanna, Yap Yoon Sim, Bryce Richard, Yao Bin, Bebchuk Judith D, Keyvanjah Kiana, Brufsky Adam (2019) Neratinib + capecitabine versus lapatinib + capecitabine in patients with HER2 + metastatic breast cancer previously treated with ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens: findings from the multinational, randomized, phase III NALA trial. JCO 37:1002. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2019.​37.​15_​suppl.​1002 CrossRef
34.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dijkers EC, Oude Munnink TH, Kosterink JG, Brouwers AH, Jager PL, de Jong JR, van Dongen GA, Schroder CP, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EG (2010) Biodistribution of 89Zr-trastuzumab and PET imaging of HER2-positive lesions in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 87:586–592. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2010.12 CrossRefPubMed Dijkers EC, Oude Munnink TH, Kosterink JG, Brouwers AH, Jager PL, de Jong JR, van Dongen GA, Schroder CP, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EG (2010) Biodistribution of 89Zr-trastuzumab and PET imaging of HER2-positive lesions in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 87:586–592. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​clpt.​2010.​12 CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Figura NB, Potluri TK, Mohammadi H, Oliver DE, Arrington JA, Robinson TJ, Etame AB, Tran ND, Liu JK, Soliman H, Forsyth PA, Sahebjam S, Yu HM, Han HS, Ahmed KA (2019) CDK 4/6 inhibitors and stereotactic radiation in the management of hormone receptor positive breast cancer brain metastases. J Neurooncol 144:583–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-019-03260-6 CrossRefPubMed Figura NB, Potluri TK, Mohammadi H, Oliver DE, Arrington JA, Robinson TJ, Etame AB, Tran ND, Liu JK, Soliman H, Forsyth PA, Sahebjam S, Yu HM, Han HS, Ahmed KA (2019) CDK 4/6 inhibitors and stereotactic radiation in the management of hormone receptor positive breast cancer brain metastases. J Neurooncol 144:583–589. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11060-019-03260-6 CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Figura NB, Rizk VT, Mohammadi H, Evernden B, Mokhtari S, Yu HM, Robinson TJ, Etame AB, Tran ND, Liu J, Washington I, Diaz R, Czerniecki BJ, Soliman H, Han HS, Sahebjam S, Forsyth PA, Ahmed KA (2019) Clinical outcomes of breast leptomeningeal disease treated with intrathecal trastuzumab, intrathecal chemotherapy, or whole brain radiation therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 175:781–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05170-7 CrossRefPubMed Figura NB, Rizk VT, Mohammadi H, Evernden B, Mokhtari S, Yu HM, Robinson TJ, Etame AB, Tran ND, Liu J, Washington I, Diaz R, Czerniecki BJ, Soliman H, Han HS, Sahebjam S, Forsyth PA, Ahmed KA (2019) Clinical outcomes of breast leptomeningeal disease treated with intrathecal trastuzumab, intrathecal chemotherapy, or whole brain radiation therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 175:781–788. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10549-019-05170-7 CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Freedman RA, Gelman RS, Anders CK, Melisko ME, Parsons HA, Cropp AM, Silvestri K, Cotter CM, Componeschi KP, Marte JM, Connolly RM, Moy B, Van Poznak CH, Blackwell KL, Puhalla SL, Jankowitz RC, Smith KL, Ibrahim N, Moynihan TJ, O’Sullivan CC, Nangia J, Niravath P, Tung N, Pohlmann PR, Burns R, Rimawi MF, Krop IE, Wolff AC, Winer EP, Lin NU, Translational Breast Cancer Research C (2019) TBCRC 022: a Phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 37:1081–1089. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.18.01511 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Freedman RA, Gelman RS, Anders CK, Melisko ME, Parsons HA, Cropp AM, Silvestri K, Cotter CM, Componeschi KP, Marte JM, Connolly RM, Moy B, Van Poznak CH, Blackwell KL, Puhalla SL, Jankowitz RC, Smith KL, Ibrahim N, Moynihan TJ, O’Sullivan CC, Nangia J, Niravath P, Tung N, Pohlmann PR, Burns R, Rimawi MF, Krop IE, Wolff AC, Winer EP, Lin NU, Translational Breast Cancer Research C (2019) TBCRC 022: a Phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 37:1081–1089. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​18.​01511 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, Chan S, Romieu CG, Pienkowski T, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Crown J, Chan A, Kaufman B, Skarlos D, Campone M, Davidson N, Berger M, Oliva C, Rubin SD, Stein S, Cameron D (2006) Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355:2733–2743. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa064320 CrossRefPubMed Geyer CE, Forster J, Lindquist D, Chan S, Romieu CG, Pienkowski T, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Crown J, Chan A, Kaufman B, Skarlos D, Campone M, Davidson N, Berger M, Oliva C, Rubin SD, Stein S, Cameron D (2006) Lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355:2733–2743. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa064320 CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Goetz MP, Toi M, Campone M, Sohn J, Paluch-Shimon S, Huober J, Park IH, Tredan O, Chen SC, Manso L, Freedman OC, Garnica Jaliffe G, Forrester T, Frenzel M, Barriga S, Smith IC, Bourayou N, Di Leo A (2017) MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib as initial therapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 35:3638–3646. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.6155 CrossRefPubMed Goetz MP, Toi M, Campone M, Sohn J, Paluch-Shimon S, Huober J, Park IH, Tredan O, Chen SC, Manso L, Freedman OC, Garnica Jaliffe G, Forrester T, Frenzel M, Barriga S, Smith IC, Bourayou N, Di Leo A (2017) MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib as initial therapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 35:3638–3646. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2017.​75.​6155 CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg SB, Gettinger SN, Mahajan A, Chiang AC, Herbst RS, Sznol M, Tsiouris AJ, Cohen J, Vortmeyer A, Jilaveanu L, Yu J, Hegde U, Speaker S, Madura M, Ralabate A, Rivera A, Rowen E, Gerrish H, Yao X, Chiang V, Kluger HM (2016) Pembrolizumab for patients with melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer and untreated brain metastases: early analysis of a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 17:976–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30053-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Goldberg SB, Gettinger SN, Mahajan A, Chiang AC, Herbst RS, Sznol M, Tsiouris AJ, Cohen J, Vortmeyer A, Jilaveanu L, Yu J, Hegde U, Speaker S, Madura M, Ralabate A, Rivera A, Rowen E, Gerrish H, Yao X, Chiang V, Kluger HM (2016) Pembrolizumab for patients with melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer and untreated brain metastases: early analysis of a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 17:976–983. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(16)30053-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Gondi VDS, Brown PD, Wefel JS, Tome WA, Bruner DW, Bovi JA, Robinson CG, Khuntia D, Grosshans DR, Konski AA (2018) Preservation of neurocognitive function (NCF) with conformal avoidance of the hippocampus during whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) for brain metastases: preliminary results of phase III trial NRG Oncology CC001. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 102:1607CrossRef Gondi VDS, Brown PD, Wefel JS, Tome WA, Bruner DW, Bovi JA, Robinson CG, Khuntia D, Grosshans DR, Konski AA (2018) Preservation of neurocognitive function (NCF) with conformal avoidance of the hippocampus during whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) for brain metastases: preliminary results of phase III trial NRG Oncology CC001. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 102:1607CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Gondi V, Pugh SL, Tome WA, Caine C, Corn B, Kanner A, Rowley H, Kundapur V, DeNittis A, Greenspoon JN, Konski AA, Bauman GS, Shah S, Shi W, Wendland M, Kachnic L, Mehta MP (2014) Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases (RTOG 0933): a phase II multi-institutional trial. J Clin Oncol 32:3810–3816. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.2909 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gondi V, Pugh SL, Tome WA, Caine C, Corn B, Kanner A, Rowley H, Kundapur V, DeNittis A, Greenspoon JN, Konski AA, Bauman GS, Shah S, Shi W, Wendland M, Kachnic L, Mehta MP (2014) Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases (RTOG 0933): a phase II multi-institutional trial. J Clin Oncol 32:3810–3816. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2014.​57.​2909 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton E, Murthy R, Ferrario C, Conlin A, Krop I, Falkson C, Khan Q, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Borges V (2018) Abstract P5-20-01: prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced HER2 + metastatic breast cancer with or without brain metastases: a pooled analysis of tucatinib phase 1b studies Hamilton E, Murthy R, Ferrario C, Conlin A, Krop I, Falkson C, Khan Q, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Borges V (2018) Abstract P5-20-01: prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced HER2 + metastatic breast cancer with or without brain metastases: a pooled analysis of tucatinib phase 1b studies
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hashizume R, Zhang A, Mueller S, Prados MD, Lulla RR, Goldman S, Saratsis AM, Mazar AP, Stegh AH, Cheng SY, Horbinski C, Haas-Kogan DA, Sarkaria JN, Waldman T, James CD (2016) Inhibition of DNA damage repair by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib delays irradiated intracranial atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and glioblastoma xenograft regrowth. Neuro Oncol 18:1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now106 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hashizume R, Zhang A, Mueller S, Prados MD, Lulla RR, Goldman S, Saratsis AM, Mazar AP, Stegh AH, Cheng SY, Horbinski C, Haas-Kogan DA, Sarkaria JN, Waldman T, James CD (2016) Inhibition of DNA damage repair by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib delays irradiated intracranial atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and glioblastoma xenograft regrowth. Neuro Oncol 18:1519–1528. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​now106 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoefnagel LD, van de Vijver MJ, van Slooten HJ, Wesseling P, Wesseling J, Westenend PJ, Bart J, Seldenrijk CA, Nagtegaal ID, Oudejans J, van der Valk P, van der Groep P, de Vries EG, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ (2010) Receptor conversion in distant breast cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res 12:R75. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2645 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hoefnagel LD, van de Vijver MJ, van Slooten HJ, Wesseling P, Wesseling J, Westenend PJ, Bart J, Seldenrijk CA, Nagtegaal ID, Oudejans J, van der Valk P, van der Groep P, de Vries EG, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ (2010) Receptor conversion in distant breast cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res 12:R75. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​bcr2645 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Im SA, Lu YS, Bardia A, Harbeck N, Colleoni M, Franke F, Chow L, Sohn J, Lee KS, Campos-Gomez S, Villanueva-Vazquez R, Jung KH, Chakravartty A, Hughes G, Gounaris I, Rodriguez-Lorenc K, Taran T, Hurvitz S, Tripathy D (2019) Overall survival with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 381:307–316. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1903765 CrossRefPubMed Im SA, Lu YS, Bardia A, Harbeck N, Colleoni M, Franke F, Chow L, Sohn J, Lee KS, Campos-Gomez S, Villanueva-Vazquez R, Jung KH, Chakravartty A, Hughes G, Gounaris I, Rodriguez-Lorenc K, Taran T, Hurvitz S, Tripathy D (2019) Overall survival with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 381:307–316. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1903765 CrossRefPubMed
55.
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalkanis SN, Kondziolka D, Gaspar LE, Burri SH, Asher AL, Cobbs CS, Ammirati M, Robinson PD, Andrews DW, Loeffler JS, McDermott M, Mehta MP, Mikkelsen T, Olson JJ, Paleologos NA, Patchell RA, Ryken TC, Linskey ME (2010) The role of surgical resection in the management of newly diagnosed brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol 96:33–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-009-0061-8 CrossRefPubMed Kalkanis SN, Kondziolka D, Gaspar LE, Burri SH, Asher AL, Cobbs CS, Ammirati M, Robinson PD, Andrews DW, Loeffler JS, McDermott M, Mehta MP, Mikkelsen T, Olson JJ, Paleologos NA, Patchell RA, Ryken TC, Linskey ME (2010) The role of surgical resection in the management of newly diagnosed brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol 96:33–43. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11060-009-0061-8 CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Karginova O, Siegel MB, Van Swearingen AE, Deal AM, Adamo B, Sambade MJ, Bazyar S, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Bash R, O’Neal S, Sandison K, Parker JS, Santos C, Darr D, Zamboni W, Lee YZ, Miller CR, Anders CK (2015) Efficacy of carboplatin alone and in combination with ABT888 in intracranial murine models of BRCA-mutated and BRCA-wild-type triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 14:920–930. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0474 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Karginova O, Siegel MB, Van Swearingen AE, Deal AM, Adamo B, Sambade MJ, Bazyar S, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Bash R, O’Neal S, Sandison K, Parker JS, Santos C, Darr D, Zamboni W, Lee YZ, Miller CR, Anders CK (2015) Efficacy of carboplatin alone and in combination with ABT888 in intracranial murine models of BRCA-mutated and BRCA-wild-type triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 14:920–930. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1158/​1535-7163.​MCT-14-0474 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kayama T, Sato S, Sakurada K, Mizusawa J, Nishikawa R, Narita Y, Sumi M, Miyakita Y, Kumabe T, Sonoda Y, Arakawa Y, Miyamoto S, Beppu T, Sugiyama K, Nakamura H, Nagane M, Nakasu Y, Hashimoto N, Terasaki M, Matsumura A, Ishikawa E, Wakabayashi T, Iwadate Y, Ohue S, Kobayashi H, Kinoshita M, Asano K, Mukasa A, Tanaka K, Asai A, Nakamura H, Abe T, Muragaki Y, Iwasaki K, Aoki T, Watanabe T, Sasaki H, Izumoto S, Mizoguchi M, Matsuo T, Takeshima H, Hayashi M, Jokura H, Mizowaki T, Shimizu E, Shirato H, Tago M, Katayama H, Fukuda H, Shibui S, Japan Clinical Oncology G (2018) Effects of surgery with salvage stereotactic radiosurgery versus surgery with whole-brain radiation therapy in patients with one to four brain metastases (JCOG0504): a phase III, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.6186 CrossRefPubMed Kayama T, Sato S, Sakurada K, Mizusawa J, Nishikawa R, Narita Y, Sumi M, Miyakita Y, Kumabe T, Sonoda Y, Arakawa Y, Miyamoto S, Beppu T, Sugiyama K, Nakamura H, Nagane M, Nakasu Y, Hashimoto N, Terasaki M, Matsumura A, Ishikawa E, Wakabayashi T, Iwadate Y, Ohue S, Kobayashi H, Kinoshita M, Asano K, Mukasa A, Tanaka K, Asai A, Nakamura H, Abe T, Muragaki Y, Iwasaki K, Aoki T, Watanabe T, Sasaki H, Izumoto S, Mizoguchi M, Matsuo T, Takeshima H, Hayashi M, Jokura H, Mizowaki T, Shimizu E, Shirato H, Tago M, Katayama H, Fukuda H, Shibui S, Japan Clinical Oncology G (2018) Effects of surgery with salvage stereotactic radiosurgery versus surgery with whole-brain radiation therapy in patients with one to four brain metastases (JCOG0504): a phase III, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2018.​78.​6186 CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kocher M, Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, Villa S, Fauchon F, Baumert BG, Fariselli L, Tzuk-Shina T, Kortmann RD, Carrie C, Ben Hassel M, Kouri M, Valeinis E, van den Berge D, Collette S, Collette L, Mueller RP (2011) Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study. J Clin Oncol 29:134–141. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1655 CrossRefPubMed Kocher M, Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, Villa S, Fauchon F, Baumert BG, Fariselli L, Tzuk-Shina T, Kortmann RD, Carrie C, Ben Hassel M, Kouri M, Valeinis E, van den Berge D, Collette S, Collette L, Mueller RP (2011) Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study. J Clin Oncol 29:134–141. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2010.​30.​1655 CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Krop IE, Lin NU, Blackwell K, Guardino E, Huober J, Lu M, Miles D, Samant M, Welslau M, Dieras V (2015) Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) versus lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and central nervous system metastases: a retrospective, exploratory analysis in EMILIA. Ann Oncol 26:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu486 CrossRefPubMed Krop IE, Lin NU, Blackwell K, Guardino E, Huober J, Lu M, Miles D, Samant M, Welslau M, Dieras V (2015) Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) versus lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and central nervous system metastases: a retrospective, exploratory analysis in EMILIA. Ann Oncol 26:113–119. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​annonc/​mdu486 CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumthekar PGW, Lin N, Pentsova E, Groves M, Jeyapalan S, Melisko M, Grimm S, Lassman AB, Raizer J (2018) Intrathecal (IT) traztuzumab (T) for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastaSES (LM) in patients (PTS) with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2 +) cancer: a multicenter phase 1/2 study. Neuro Oncol 20:58. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noy148.234 CrossRef Kumthekar PGW, Lin N, Pentsova E, Groves M, Jeyapalan S, Melisko M, Grimm S, Lassman AB, Raizer J (2018) Intrathecal (IT) traztuzumab (T) for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastaSES (LM) in patients (PTS) with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2 +) cancer: a multicenter phase 1/2 study. Neuro Oncol 20:58. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​noy148.​234 CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin NU, Freedman RA, Ramakrishna N, Younger J, Storniolo AM, Bellon JR, Come SE, Gelman RS, Harris GJ, Henderson MA, Macdonald SM, Mahadevan A, Eisenberg E, Ligibel JA, Mayer EL, Moy B, Eichler AF, Winer EP (2013) A phase I study of lapatinib with whole brain radiotherapy in patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 142:405–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2754-0 CrossRefPubMed Lin NU, Freedman RA, Ramakrishna N, Younger J, Storniolo AM, Bellon JR, Come SE, Gelman RS, Harris GJ, Henderson MA, Macdonald SM, Mahadevan A, Eisenberg E, Ligibel JA, Mayer EL, Moy B, Eichler AF, Winer EP (2013) A phase I study of lapatinib with whole brain radiotherapy in patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 142:405–414. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10549-013-2754-0 CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY, Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (2015) Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group. Lancet Oncol 16:e270–e278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4 CrossRefPubMed Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY, Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (2015) Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group. Lancet Oncol 16:e270–e278. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(15)70057-4 CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Lohmann P, Stoffels G, Ceccon G, Rapp M, Sabel M, Filss CP, Kamp MA, Stegmayr C, Neumaier B, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Galldiks N (2017) Radiation injury vs. recurrent brain metastasis: combining textural feature radiomics analysis and standard parameters may increase (18)F-FET PET accuracy without dynamic scans. Eur Radiol 27:2916–2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4638-2 CrossRefPubMed Lohmann P, Stoffels G, Ceccon G, Rapp M, Sabel M, Filss CP, Kamp MA, Stegmayr C, Neumaier B, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Galldiks N (2017) Radiation injury vs. recurrent brain metastasis: combining textural feature radiomics analysis and standard parameters may increase (18)F-FET PET accuracy without dynamic scans. Eur Radiol 27:2916–2927. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00330-016-4638-2 CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Loi S, Giobbie-Hurder A, Gombos A, Bachelot T, Hui R, Curigliano G, Campone M, Biganzoli L, Bonnefoi H, Jerusalem G, Bartsch R, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Kammler R, Maibach R, Smyth MJ, Di Leo A, Colleoni M, Viale G, Regan MM, Andre F, International Breast Cancer Study G, the Breast International G (2019) Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab in trastuzumab-resistant, advanced, HER2-positive breast cancer (PANACEA): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1b-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30812-X CrossRefPubMed Loi S, Giobbie-Hurder A, Gombos A, Bachelot T, Hui R, Curigliano G, Campone M, Biganzoli L, Bonnefoi H, Jerusalem G, Bartsch R, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Kammler R, Maibach R, Smyth MJ, Di Leo A, Colleoni M, Viale G, Regan MM, Andre F, International Breast Cancer Study G, the Breast International G (2019) Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab in trastuzumab-resistant, advanced, HER2-positive breast cancer (PANACEA): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1b-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:371–382. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(18)30812-X CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YS, Chen TW, Lin CH, Yeh DC, Tseng LM, Wu PF, Rau KM, Chen BB, Chao TC, Huang SM, Huang CS, Shih TT, Cheng AL, Taiwan Breast Cancer C (2015) Bevacizumab preconditioning followed by Etoposide and Cisplatin is highly effective in treating brain metastases of breast cancer progressing from whole-brain radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 21:1851–1858. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2075 CrossRefPubMed Lu YS, Chen TW, Lin CH, Yeh DC, Tseng LM, Wu PF, Rau KM, Chen BB, Chao TC, Huang SM, Huang CS, Shih TT, Cheng AL, Taiwan Breast Cancer C (2015) Bevacizumab preconditioning followed by Etoposide and Cisplatin is highly effective in treating brain metastases of breast cancer progressing from whole-brain radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 21:1851–1858. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-14-2075 CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahajan A, Ahmed S, McAleer MF, Weinberg JS, Li J, Brown P, Settle S, Prabhu SS, Lang FF, Levine N, McGovern S, Sulman E, McCutcheon IE, Azeem S, Cahill D, Tatsui C, Heimberger AB, Ferguson S, Ghia A, Demonte F, Raza S, Guha-Thakurta N, Yang J, Sawaya R, Hess KR, Rao G (2017) Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: a single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30414-X CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mahajan A, Ahmed S, McAleer MF, Weinberg JS, Li J, Brown P, Settle S, Prabhu SS, Lang FF, Levine N, McGovern S, Sulman E, McCutcheon IE, Azeem S, Cahill D, Tatsui C, Heimberger AB, Ferguson S, Ghia A, Demonte F, Raza S, Guha-Thakurta N, Yang J, Sawaya R, Hess KR, Rao G (2017) Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: a single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1040–1048. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(17)30414-X CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin M, Holmes FA, Ejlertsen B, Delaloge S, Moy B, Iwata H, von Minckwitz G, Chia SKL, Mansi J, Barrios CH, Gnant M, Tomasevic Z, Denduluri N, Separovic R, Gokmen E, Bashford A, Ruiz Borrego M, Kim SB, Jakobsen EH, Ciceniene A, Inoue K, Overkamp F, Heijns JB, Armstrong AC, Link JS, Joy AA, Bryce R, Wong A, Moran S, Yao B, Xu F, Auerbach A, Buyse M, Chan A, Exte NETSG (2017) Neratinib after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer (ExteNET): 5-year analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1688–1700. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30717-9 CrossRefPubMed Martin M, Holmes FA, Ejlertsen B, Delaloge S, Moy B, Iwata H, von Minckwitz G, Chia SKL, Mansi J, Barrios CH, Gnant M, Tomasevic Z, Denduluri N, Separovic R, Gokmen E, Bashford A, Ruiz Borrego M, Kim SB, Jakobsen EH, Ciceniene A, Inoue K, Overkamp F, Heijns JB, Armstrong AC, Link JS, Joy AA, Bryce R, Wong A, Moran S, Yao B, Xu F, Auerbach A, Buyse M, Chan A, Exte NETSG (2017) Neratinib after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer (ExteNET): 5-year analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1688–1700. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(17)30717-9 CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuire WL, Horwitz KB, Pearson OH, Segaloff A (1977) Current status of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Cancer 39:2934–2947CrossRefPubMed McGuire WL, Horwitz KB, Pearson OH, Segaloff A (1977) Current status of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Cancer 39:2934–2947CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Mintz AH, Kestle J, Rathbone MP, Gaspar L, Hugenholtz H, Fisher B, Duncan G, Skingley P, Foster G, Levine M (1996) A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis. Cancer 78:1470–1476CrossRefPubMed Mintz AH, Kestle J, Rathbone MP, Gaspar L, Hugenholtz H, Fisher B, Duncan G, Skingley P, Foster G, Levine M (1996) A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis. Cancer 78:1470–1476CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Morikawa A, Peereboom DM, Thorsheim HR, Samala R, Balyan R, Murphy CG, Lockman PR, Simmons A, Weil RJ, Tabar V, Steeg PS, Smith QR, Seidman AD (2015) Capecitabine and lapatinib uptake in surgically resected brain metastases from metastatic breast cancer patients: a prospective study. Neuro Oncol 17:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nou141 CrossRefPubMed Morikawa A, Peereboom DM, Thorsheim HR, Samala R, Balyan R, Murphy CG, Lockman PR, Simmons A, Weil RJ, Tabar V, Steeg PS, Smith QR, Seidman AD (2015) Capecitabine and lapatinib uptake in surgically resected brain metastases from metastatic breast cancer patients: a prospective study. Neuro Oncol 17:289–295. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​nou141 CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, Castellano D, Choueiri TK, Gurney H, Donskov F, Bono P, Wagstaff J, Gauler TC, Ueda T, Tomita Y, Schutz FA, Kollmannsberger C, Larkin J, Ravaud A, Simon JS, Xu LA, Waxman IM, Sharma P, CheckMate I (2015) Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 373:1803–1813. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1510665 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, Castellano D, Choueiri TK, Gurney H, Donskov F, Bono P, Wagstaff J, Gauler TC, Ueda T, Tomita Y, Schutz FA, Kollmannsberger C, Larkin J, Ravaud A, Simon JS, Xu LA, Waxman IM, Sharma P, CheckMate I (2015) Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 373:1803–1813. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1510665 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Murthy RK, Hamilton EP, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson CI, Chamberlain MC, Gray T, Borges VF (2018) Clinical benefit of tucatinib after isolated brain progression: A retrospective pooled analysis of tucatinib phase 1b studies in HER2 + breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 36:1015CrossRef Murthy RK, Hamilton EP, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson CI, Chamberlain MC, Gray T, Borges VF (2018) Clinical benefit of tucatinib after isolated brain progression: A retrospective pooled analysis of tucatinib phase 1b studies in HER2 + breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 36:1015CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer N Breast Cancer Version 3.2019 National Comprehensive Cancer N Breast Cancer Version 3.2019
88.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer N Cutaneous Melanoma Version 2.2019 National Comprehensive Cancer N Cutaneous Melanoma Version 2.2019
89.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer N Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Version 7.2019 National Comprehensive Cancer N Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Version 7.2019
90.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer N Small Cell Lung Cancer Version 1.2020 National Comprehensive Cancer N Small Cell Lung Cancer Version 1.2020
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Niikura N, Hayashi N, Masuda N, Takashima S, Nakamura R, Watanabe K, Kanbayashi C, Ishida M, Hozumi Y, Tsuneizumi M, Kondo N, Naito Y, Honda Y, Matsui A, Fujisawa T, Oshitanai R, Yasojima H, Tokuda Y, Saji S, Iwata H (2014) Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with brain metastases from breast cancer of each subtype: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 147:103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3090-8 CrossRefPubMed Niikura N, Hayashi N, Masuda N, Takashima S, Nakamura R, Watanabe K, Kanbayashi C, Ishida M, Hozumi Y, Tsuneizumi M, Kondo N, Naito Y, Honda Y, Matsui A, Fujisawa T, Oshitanai R, Yasojima H, Tokuda Y, Saji S, Iwata H (2014) Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with brain metastases from breast cancer of each subtype: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 147:103–112. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10549-014-3090-8 CrossRefPubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Patel KR, Burri SH, Asher AL, Crocker IR, Fraser RW, Zhang C, Chen Z, Kandula S, Zhong J, Press RH, Olson JJ, Oyesiku NM, Wait SD, Curran WJ, Shu HK, Prabhu RS (2016) Comparing preoperative with postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for resectable brain metastases: a multi-institutional analysis. Neurosurgery 79:279–285. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000001096 CrossRefPubMed Patel KR, Burri SH, Asher AL, Crocker IR, Fraser RW, Zhang C, Chen Z, Kandula S, Zhong J, Press RH, Olson JJ, Oyesiku NM, Wait SD, Curran WJ, Shu HK, Prabhu RS (2016) Comparing preoperative with postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for resectable brain metastases: a multi-institutional analysis. Neurosurgery 79:279–285. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1227/​NEU.​0000000000001096​ CrossRefPubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez EA, Awada A, O’Shaughnessy J, Rugo HS, Twelves C, Im SA, Gomez-Pardo P, Schwartzberg LS, Dieras V, Yardley DA, Potter DA, Mailliez A, Moreno-Aspitia A, Ahn JS, Zhao C, Hoch U, Tagliaferri M, Hannah AL, Cortes J (2015) Etirinotecan pegol (NKTR-102) versus treatment of physician’s choice in women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine (BEACON): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 16:1556–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00332-0 CrossRefPubMed Perez EA, Awada A, O’Shaughnessy J, Rugo HS, Twelves C, Im SA, Gomez-Pardo P, Schwartzberg LS, Dieras V, Yardley DA, Potter DA, Mailliez A, Moreno-Aspitia A, Ahn JS, Zhao C, Hoch U, Tagliaferri M, Hannah AL, Cortes J (2015) Etirinotecan pegol (NKTR-102) versus treatment of physician’s choice in women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine (BEACON): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 16:1556–1568. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(15)00332-0 CrossRefPubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Prabhu RS, Turner BE, Asher AL, Marcrom SR, Fiveash JB, Foreman PM, Press RH, Patel KR, Curran WJ, Breen WG, Brown PD, Jethwa KR, Grills IS, Arden JD, Foster LM, Manning MA, Stern JD, Soltys SG, Burri SH (2019) A multi-institutional analysis of presentation and outcomes for leptomeningeal disease recurrence after surgical resection and radiosurgery for brain metastases. Neuro Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz049 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Prabhu RS, Turner BE, Asher AL, Marcrom SR, Fiveash JB, Foreman PM, Press RH, Patel KR, Curran WJ, Breen WG, Brown PD, Jethwa KR, Grills IS, Arden JD, Foster LM, Manning MA, Stern JD, Soltys SG, Burri SH (2019) A multi-institutional analysis of presentation and outcomes for leptomeningeal disease recurrence after surgical resection and radiosurgery for brain metastases. Neuro Oncol. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​noz049 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Pukrop T, Dehghani F, Chuang HN, Lohaus R, Bayanga K, Heermann S, Regen T, Van Rossum D, Klemm F, Schulz M, Siam L, Hoffmann A, Trumper L, Stadelmann C, Bechmann I, Hanisch UK, Binder C (2010) Microglia promote colonization of brain tissue by breast cancer cells in a Wnt-dependent way. Glia 58:1477–1489. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.21022 CrossRefPubMed Pukrop T, Dehghani F, Chuang HN, Lohaus R, Bayanga K, Heermann S, Regen T, Van Rossum D, Klemm F, Schulz M, Siam L, Hoffmann A, Trumper L, Stadelmann C, Bechmann I, Hanisch UK, Binder C (2010) Microglia promote colonization of brain tissue by breast cancer cells in a Wnt-dependent way. Glia 58:1477–1489. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​glia.​21022 CrossRefPubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Raub TJ, Wishart GN, Kulanthaivel P, Staton BA, Ajamie RT, Sawada GA, Gelbert LM, Shannon HE, Sanchez-Martinez C, De Dios A (2015) Brain exposure of two selective dual CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors and the antitumor activity of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibition in combination with temozolomide in an intracranial glioblastoma xenograft. Drug Metab Dispos 43:1360–1371. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.114.062745 CrossRefPubMed Raub TJ, Wishart GN, Kulanthaivel P, Staton BA, Ajamie RT, Sawada GA, Gelbert LM, Shannon HE, Sanchez-Martinez C, De Dios A (2015) Brain exposure of two selective dual CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors and the antitumor activity of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibition in combination with temozolomide in an intracranial glioblastoma xenograft. Drug Metab Dispos 43:1360–1371. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1124/​dmd.​114.​062745 CrossRefPubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Rimawi MF, Aleixo SB, Rozas AA, de Matos Nunes, Neto J, Caleffi M, Figueira AC, Souza SC, Reiriz AB, Gutierrez C, Arantes H, Uttenreuther-Fischer MM, Solca F, Osborne CK (2015) A neoadjuvant, randomized, open-label phase II trial of afatinib versus trastuzumab versus lapatinib in patients with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 15:101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2014.11.004 CrossRefPubMed Rimawi MF, Aleixo SB, Rozas AA, de Matos Nunes, Neto J, Caleffi M, Figueira AC, Souza SC, Reiriz AB, Gutierrez C, Arantes H, Uttenreuther-Fischer MM, Solca F, Osborne CK (2015) A neoadjuvant, randomized, open-label phase II trial of afatinib versus trastuzumab versus lapatinib in patients with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 15:101–109. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​clbc.​2014.​11.​004 CrossRefPubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, McNeil C, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Savage KJ, Hernberg MM, Lebbe C, Charles J, Mihalcioiu C, Chiarion-Sileni V, Mauch C, Cognetti F, Arance A, Schmidt H, Schadendorf D, Gogas H, Lundgren-Eriksson L, Horak C, Sharkey B, Waxman IM, Atkinson V, Ascierto PA (2015) Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med 372:320–330. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1412082 CrossRefPubMed Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, McNeil C, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Savage KJ, Hernberg MM, Lebbe C, Charles J, Mihalcioiu C, Chiarion-Sileni V, Mauch C, Cognetti F, Arance A, Schmidt H, Schadendorf D, Gogas H, Lundgren-Eriksson L, Horak C, Sharkey B, Waxman IM, Atkinson V, Ascierto PA (2015) Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med 372:320–330. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1412082 CrossRefPubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, Dieras V, Hegg R, Im SA, Shaw Wright G, Henschel V, Molinero L, Chui SY, Funke R, Husain A, Winer EP, Loi S, Emens LA, Investigators IMT (2018) Atezolizumab and Nab-Paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 379:2108–2121. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1809615 CrossRefPubMed Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, Dieras V, Hegg R, Im SA, Shaw Wright G, Henschel V, Molinero L, Chui SY, Funke R, Husain A, Winer EP, Loi S, Emens LA, Investigators IMT (2018) Atezolizumab and Nab-Paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 379:2108–2121. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1809615 CrossRefPubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirkisoon SR, Carpenter RL, Rimkus T, Doheny D, Zhu D, Aguayo NR, Xing F, Chan M, Ruiz J, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Strowd R, Lin J, Regua AT, Arrigo A, Anguelov M, Pasche B, Debinski W, Watabe K, Lo HW (2019) TGLI1 transcription factor mediates breast cancer brain metastasis via activating metastasis-initiating cancer stem cells and astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-019-0959-3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sirkisoon SR, Carpenter RL, Rimkus T, Doheny D, Zhu D, Aguayo NR, Xing F, Chan M, Ruiz J, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Strowd R, Lin J, Regua AT, Arrigo A, Anguelov M, Pasche B, Debinski W, Watabe K, Lo HW (2019) TGLI1 transcription factor mediates breast cancer brain metastasis via activating metastasis-initiating cancer stem cells and astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​s41388-019-0959-3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Sledge GW Jr, Toi M, Neven P, Sohn J, Inoue K, Pivot X, Burdaeva O, Okera M, Masuda N, Kaufman PA, Koh H, Grischke EM, Frenzel M, Lin Y, Barriga S, Smith IC, Bourayou N, Llombart-Cussac A (2017) MONARCH 2: abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR +/HER2- advanced breast cancer who had progressed while receiving endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol 35:2875–2884. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.7585 CrossRefPubMed Sledge GW Jr, Toi M, Neven P, Sohn J, Inoue K, Pivot X, Burdaeva O, Okera M, Masuda N, Kaufman PA, Koh H, Grischke EM, Frenzel M, Lin Y, Barriga S, Smith IC, Bourayou N, Llombart-Cussac A (2017) MONARCH 2: abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR +/HER2- advanced breast cancer who had progressed while receiving endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol 35:2875–2884. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2017.​73.​7585 CrossRefPubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, Baumert B, Combs SE, Kinhult S, Kros JM, Marosi C, Metellus P, Radbruch A, Villa Freixa SS, Brada M, Carapella CM, Preusser M, Le Rhun E, Ruda R, Tonn JC, Weber DC, Weller M (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases from solid tumors: guidelines from the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO). Neuro Oncol 19:162–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now241 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, Baumert B, Combs SE, Kinhult S, Kros JM, Marosi C, Metellus P, Radbruch A, Villa Freixa SS, Brada M, Carapella CM, Preusser M, Le Rhun E, Ruda R, Tonn JC, Weber DC, Weller M (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases from solid tumors: guidelines from the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO). Neuro Oncol 19:162–174. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​neuonc/​now241 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Sperduto PW, Shanley R, Luo X, Andrews D, Werner-Wasik M, Valicenti R, Bahary JP, Souhami L, Won M, Mehta M (2014) Secondary analysis of RTOG 9508, a phase 3 randomized trial of whole-brain radiation therapy versus WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with 1-3 brain metastases; poststratified by the graded prognostic assessment (GPA). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:526–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.07.002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sperduto PW, Shanley R, Luo X, Andrews D, Werner-Wasik M, Valicenti R, Bahary JP, Souhami L, Won M, Mehta M (2014) Secondary analysis of RTOG 9508, a phase 3 randomized trial of whole-brain radiation therapy versus WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with 1-3 brain metastases; poststratified by the graded prognostic assessment (GPA). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:526–531. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ijrobp.​2014.​07.​002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Stumpf PK, Cittelly DM, Robin TP, Carlson JA, Stuhr KA, Contreras-Zarate MJ, Lai S, Ormond DR, Rusthoven CG, Gaspar LE, Rabinovitch R, Kavanagh BD, Liu A, Diamond JR, Kabos P, Fisher CM (2019) Combination of Trastuzumab emtansine and stereotactic radiosurgery results in high rates of clinically significant radionecrosis and dysregulation of aquaporin-4. Clin Cancer Res 25:3946–3953. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-2851 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stumpf PK, Cittelly DM, Robin TP, Carlson JA, Stuhr KA, Contreras-Zarate MJ, Lai S, Ormond DR, Rusthoven CG, Gaspar LE, Rabinovitch R, Kavanagh BD, Liu A, Diamond JR, Kabos P, Fisher CM (2019) Combination of Trastuzumab emtansine and stereotactic radiosurgery results in high rates of clinically significant radionecrosis and dysregulation of aquaporin-4. Clin Cancer Res 25:3946–3953. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-18-2851 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
127.
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Swain SM, Kim SB, Cortes J, Ro J, Semiglazov V, Campone M, Ciruelos E, Ferrero JM, Schneeweiss A, Knott A, Clark E, Ross G, Benyunes MC, Baselga J (2013) Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA study): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 14:461–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70130-X CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Swain SM, Kim SB, Cortes J, Ro J, Semiglazov V, Campone M, Ciruelos E, Ferrero JM, Schneeweiss A, Knott A, Clark E, Ross G, Benyunes MC, Baselga J (2013) Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA study): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 14:461–471. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(13)70130-X CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Tabouret E, Chinot O, Metellus P, Tallet A, Viens P, Goncalves A (2012) Recent trends in epidemiology of brain metastases: an overview. Anticancer Res 32:4655–4662PubMed Tabouret E, Chinot O, Metellus P, Tallet A, Viens P, Goncalves A (2012) Recent trends in epidemiology of brain metastases: an overview. Anticancer Res 32:4655–4662PubMed
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamura K, Kurihara H, Yonemori K, Tsuda H, Suzuki J, Kono Y, Honda N, Kodaira M, Yamamoto H, Yunokawa M, Shimizu C, Hasegawa K, Kanayama Y, Nozaki S, Kinoshita T, Wada Y, Tazawa S, Takahashi K, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y (2013) 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET imaging in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. J Nucl Med 54:1869–1875. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.118612 CrossRefPubMed Tamura K, Kurihara H, Yonemori K, Tsuda H, Suzuki J, Kono Y, Honda N, Kodaira M, Yamamoto H, Yunokawa M, Shimizu C, Hasegawa K, Kanayama Y, Nozaki S, Kinoshita T, Wada Y, Tazawa S, Takahashi K, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y (2013) 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET imaging in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. J Nucl Med 54:1869–1875. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2967/​jnumed.​112.​118612 CrossRefPubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Taskar KS, Rudraraju V, Mittapalli RK, Samala R, Thorsheim HR, Lockman J, Gril B, Hua E, Palmieri D, Polli JW, Castellino S, Rubin SD, Lockman PR, Steeg PS, Smith QR (2012) Lapatinib distribution in HER2 overexpressing experimental brain metastases of breast cancer. Pharm Res 29:770–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-011-0601-8 CrossRefPubMed Taskar KS, Rudraraju V, Mittapalli RK, Samala R, Thorsheim HR, Lockman J, Gril B, Hua E, Palmieri D, Polli JW, Castellino S, Rubin SD, Lockman PR, Steeg PS, Smith QR (2012) Lapatinib distribution in HER2 overexpressing experimental brain metastases of breast cancer. Pharm Res 29:770–781. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11095-011-0601-8 CrossRefPubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Tawbi HA FP, Hodi FS, Lao CD, Moschos SJ, Hamid O, Atkins MB, Lewis KD, Thomas RP, Glaspy JA, Jang S (2019) Efficacy and safety of the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (CheckMate 204). J Clin Oncol Tawbi HA FP, Hodi FS, Lao CD, Moschos SJ, Hamid O, Atkins MB, Lewis KD, Thomas RP, Glaspy JA, Jang S (2019) Efficacy and safety of the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) in patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (CheckMate 204). J Clin Oncol
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Theelen W, Peulen HMU, Lalezari F, van der Noort V, de Vries JF, Aerts J, Dumoulin DW, Bahce I, Niemeijer AN, de Langen AJ, Monkhorst K, Baas P (2019) Effect of pembrolizumab after stereotactic body radiotherapy vs pembrolizumab alone on tumor response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results of the PEMBRO-RT phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1478 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Theelen W, Peulen HMU, Lalezari F, van der Noort V, de Vries JF, Aerts J, Dumoulin DW, Bahce I, Niemeijer AN, de Langen AJ, Monkhorst K, Baas P (2019) Effect of pembrolizumab after stereotactic body radiotherapy vs pembrolizumab alone on tumor response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results of the PEMBRO-RT phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1001/​jamaoncol.​2019.​1478 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner NC, Slamon DJ, Ro J, Bondarenko I, Im SA, Masuda N, Colleoni M, DeMichele A, Loi S, Verma S, Iwata H, Harbeck N, Loibl S, Andre F, Puyana Theall K, Huang X, Giorgetti C, Huang Bartlett C, Cristofanilli M (2018) Overall survival with palbociclib and fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 379:1926–1936. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1810527 CrossRefPubMed Turner NC, Slamon DJ, Ro J, Bondarenko I, Im SA, Masuda N, Colleoni M, DeMichele A, Loi S, Verma S, Iwata H, Harbeck N, Loibl S, Andre F, Puyana Theall K, Huang X, Giorgetti C, Huang Bartlett C, Cristofanilli M (2018) Overall survival with palbociclib and fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 379:1926–1936. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1810527 CrossRefPubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto M, Serizawa T, Shuto T, Akabane A, Higuchi Y, Kawagishi J, Yamanaka K, Sato Y, Jokura H, Yomo S, Nagano O, Kenai H, Moriki A, Suzuki S, Kida Y, Iwai Y, Hayashi M, Onishi H, Gondo M, Sato M, Akimitsu T, Kubo K, Kikuchi Y, Shibasaki T, Goto T, Takanashi M, Mori Y, Takakura K, Saeki N, Kunieda E, Aoyama H, Momoshima S, Tsuchiya K (2014) Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases (JLGK0901): a multi-institutional prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol 15:387–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70061-0 CrossRefPubMed Yamamoto M, Serizawa T, Shuto T, Akabane A, Higuchi Y, Kawagishi J, Yamanaka K, Sato Y, Jokura H, Yomo S, Nagano O, Kenai H, Moriki A, Suzuki S, Kida Y, Iwai Y, Hayashi M, Onishi H, Gondo M, Sato M, Akimitsu T, Kubo K, Kikuchi Y, Shibasaki T, Goto T, Takanashi M, Mori Y, Takakura K, Saeki N, Kunieda E, Aoyama H, Momoshima S, Tsuchiya K (2014) Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with multiple brain metastases (JLGK0901): a multi-institutional prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol 15:387–395. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(14)70061-0 CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Management of brain metastases in breast cancer: a review of current practices and emerging treatments
verfasst von
Matthew N. Mills
Nicholas B. Figura
John A. Arrington
Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu
Arnold B. Etame
Michael A. Vogelbaum
Hatem Soliman
Brian J. Czerniecki
Peter A. Forsyth
Hyo S. Han
Kamran A. Ahmed
Publikationsdatum
06.02.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05552-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2020

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.