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21.11.2018 | Original Article

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

verfasst von: Chengjun Yu, Yi Wei, Xiangliang Tang, Bin Liu, Lianju Shen, Chunlan Long, Tao Lin, Dawei He, Shengde Wu, Guanghui Wei

Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Abstract

The risk factors for undescended testes in male infants and the underlying pathogenesis still remain unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism. A systematic review was conducted using appropriate search terms to identify articles pertaining to maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism. Entries up to December 23, 2017 were taken into consideration, without any language or regional restriction. The crude ORs and their 95% CIs were computed by using the fixed-effect model. Twenty studies involving 111,712 infants were included in our meta-analysis. The risk of having a male infant with cryptorchidism was significantly different between mothers who smoked during pregnancy and those who did not (pooled crude OR 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.24, p < 0.00001).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of cryptorchidism by 1.18 times. Further investigations that are well-designed, multicentric studies measuring variables, such as the number of cigarettes smoked in a day and the stage of pregnancy during which the mothers smoked, are necessary to precisely determine the relationship between maternal smoking and risk of cryptorchidism.

What is Known: • Preterm and low birth weight have been definitively shown to be risk factors for cryptorchidism. • The relationship between with maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism remains controversial all the time.
What is New: • Mothers who smoked during pregnancy had a 1.18 times higher risk of having a child with cryptorchidism as compared to those who did not smoke. • Evidence has been found that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a definitive risk factor for cryptorchidism.

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Titel: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
verfasst von: Chengjun Yu
Yi Wei
Xiangliang Tang
Bin Liu
Lianju Shen
Chunlan Long
Tao Lin
Dawei He
Shengde Wu
Guanghui Wei
Publikationsdatum: 21.11.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3293-9

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