Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Quality of Life Research 5/2013

01.06.2013

Measurement invariance of the SF-12 across European-American, Latina, and African-American postpartum women

verfasst von: Tamer F. Desouky, Pablo A. Mora, Elizabeth A. Howell

Erschienen in: Quality of Life Research | Ausgabe 5/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a postpartum-specific version of the SF-12 was invariant across three ethnic groups. Specifically, we examined the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) among European-American, Latina, and African-American mothers. DIF refers to differential endorsement of item responses that are not due to the construct being measured. DIF can result in biased group comparisons.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional data of postpartum women (n = 655) who delivered at an urban hospital in the northeast region of the USA. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model was used to examine differential item functioning.

Results

The analyses revealed the presence of DIF for three items: Item 1 “self-assessed general health,” item 8 “bodily pain,” and item 9 “calm and peaceful.” Only two DIF effects were meaningful based on odds ratios and on the percentage of the total effect accounted for by the DIF effect. Specifically, African-American women differentially endorsed item 8 “bodily pain” when compared to European-American women (OR = 2.11, CI95 = 1.20, 3.71) and Latinas were more likely to endorse item 9 “calm and peaceful” when compared to European-American women (OR = 2.62, CI95 = 1.64, 4.17).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the SF-12 is to a great degree an invariant measure for the assessment of HRQoL among postpartum ethnically diverse women. More research is needed to examine other aspects of invariance (e.g., configural and metric) and longitudinal invariance in ethnically diverse samples. To better understand ethnic differences in health, future studies need to examine the factors that may underlie DIF effects in quality of life.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, J. A. (1981). The idea of health: A philosophical inquiry. ANS Advances in Nursing Science, 3, 43–50.PubMed Smith, J. A. (1981). The idea of health: A philosophical inquiry. ANS Advances in Nursing Science, 3, 43–50.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.CrossRef Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Leventhal, H., & Colman, S. (1997). Quality of life: A process view. Psychology & Health, 12, 753–767.CrossRef Leventhal, H., & Colman, S. (1997). Quality of life: A process view. Psychology & Health, 12, 753–767.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Teresi, J. A. (2006). Overview of quantitative measurement methods: Equivalence, invariance, and differential item functioning in health applications. Medical Care, 44, 39–49.CrossRef Teresi, J. A. (2006). Overview of quantitative measurement methods: Equivalence, invariance, and differential item functioning in health applications. Medical Care, 44, 39–49.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Webster, J., Nicholas, C., Velacott, C., Cridland, N., & Fawcett, L. (2011). Quality of life and depression following childbirth: Impact of social support. Midwifery, 27, 745–749.PubMedCrossRef Webster, J., Nicholas, C., Velacott, C., Cridland, N., & Fawcett, L. (2011). Quality of life and depression following childbirth: Impact of social support. Midwifery, 27, 745–749.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 27, 237–242.PubMedCrossRef Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 27, 237–242.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, J. F., Roberts, C. L., Currie, M., & Ellwood, D. A. (2002). Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: Associations with parity and method of birth. Birth, 29, 83–94.PubMedCrossRef Thompson, J. F., Roberts, C. L., Currie, M., & Ellwood, D. A. (2002). Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: Associations with parity and method of birth. Birth, 29, 83–94.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Hopkins, J., & Campbell, S. B. (2008). Development and validation of a scale to assess social support in the postpartum period. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 11, 57–65.PubMedCrossRef Hopkins, J., & Campbell, S. B. (2008). Development and validation of a scale to assess social support in the postpartum period. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 11, 57–65.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Declercq, E., Cunningham, D. K., Johnson, C., & Sakala, C. (2008). Mothers’ reports of postpartum pain associated with vaginal and cesarean deliveries: Results of a national survey. Birth, 1, 16–24.CrossRef Declercq, E., Cunningham, D. K., Johnson, C., & Sakala, C. (2008). Mothers’ reports of postpartum pain associated with vaginal and cesarean deliveries: Results of a national survey. Birth, 1, 16–24.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Webb, D. A., Bloch, J. R., Coyne, J. C., Chung, E. K., Bennett, I. M., & Culhane, J. F. (2008). Postpartum physical symptoms in new mothers: Their relationship to functional limitations and emotional well-being. Birth, 35, 179–187.PubMedCrossRef Webb, D. A., Bloch, J. R., Coyne, J. C., Chung, E. K., Bennett, I. M., & Culhane, J. F. (2008). Postpartum physical symptoms in new mothers: Their relationship to functional limitations and emotional well-being. Birth, 35, 179–187.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Boulvain, M., Perneger, T. V., Othenin-Girard, V., Petrou, S., Berner, M., & Irion, O. (2004). Home-based versus hospital-based postnatal care: A randomised trial. An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(8), 807–813.CrossRef Boulvain, M., Perneger, T. V., Othenin-Girard, V., Petrou, S., Berner, M., & Irion, O. (2004). Home-based versus hospital-based postnatal care: A randomised trial. An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(8), 807–813.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Handa, V. L., Zyczynski, H. M., Burgio, K. L., Fitzgerald, M. P., Borello-France, D., Janz, N. K., et al. (2007). The impact of fecal and urinary incontinence on quality of life 6 months after childbirth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 197(6), 636.e1–636.e6.CrossRef Handa, V. L., Zyczynski, H. M., Burgio, K. L., Fitzgerald, M. P., Borello-France, D., Janz, N. K., et al. (2007). The impact of fecal and urinary incontinence on quality of life 6 months after childbirth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 197(6), 636.e1–636.e6.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat McGovern, P., Dowd, B., Gjerdingen, D., Gross, C. R., Kenney, S., Ukestad, L., et al. (2006). Postpartum health of employed mothers 5 weeks after childbirth. Annals of Family Medicine, 4(2), 159–167.PubMedCrossRef McGovern, P., Dowd, B., Gjerdingen, D., Gross, C. R., Kenney, S., Ukestad, L., et al. (2006). Postpartum health of employed mothers 5 weeks after childbirth. Annals of Family Medicine, 4(2), 159–167.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat McGovern, P., Dowd, B., Gjerdingen, D., Dagher, R., Ukestad, L., McCaffrey, D., et al. (2007). Mothers’ health and work-related factors at 11 weeks postpartum. Annals of Family Medicine, 5(6), 519–527.PubMedCrossRef McGovern, P., Dowd, B., Gjerdingen, D., Dagher, R., Ukestad, L., McCaffrey, D., et al. (2007). Mothers’ health and work-related factors at 11 weeks postpartum. Annals of Family Medicine, 5(6), 519–527.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Sword, W., Watt, S., Krueger, P., Thabane, L., Landy, C. K., Farine, D., et al. (2009). The ontario mother and infant study (TOMIS) III: A multi-site cohort study of the impact of delivery method on health, service use, and costs of care in the first postpartum year. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 9, 16.PubMedCrossRef Sword, W., Watt, S., Krueger, P., Thabane, L., Landy, C. K., Farine, D., et al. (2009). The ontario mother and infant study (TOMIS) III: A multi-site cohort study of the impact of delivery method on health, service use, and costs of care in the first postpartum year. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 9, 16.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinberg, L., & Thissen, D. (2006). Using effect sizes for research reporting: Examples using item response theory to analyze differential item functioning. Psychological Methods, 11, 402–415.PubMedCrossRef Steinberg, L., & Thissen, D. (2006). Using effect sizes for research reporting: Examples using item response theory to analyze differential item functioning. Psychological Methods, 11, 402–415.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis, T. T., Yang, F. M., Jacobs, E. A., & Fitchett, G. (2012). Racial/Ethnic differences in responses to the everyday discrimination scale: A differential item functioning analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175, 391–401.PubMedCrossRef Lewis, T. T., Yang, F. M., Jacobs, E. A., & Fitchett, G. (2012). Racial/Ethnic differences in responses to the everyday discrimination scale: A differential item functioning analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175, 391–401.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallo, J. J., Anthony, J. C., & Muthén, B. O. (1994). Age differences in the symptoms of depression: A latent trait analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 49, 251–264. Gallo, J. J., Anthony, J. C., & Muthén, B. O. (1994). Age differences in the symptoms of depression: A latent trait analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 49, 251–264.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagell, P., & Westergren, A. (2011). Measurement properties of the SF-12 health survey in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 1(2), 185–196. Hagell, P., & Westergren, A. (2011). Measurement properties of the SF-12 health survey in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 1(2), 185–196.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleishman, J. A., & Lawrence, W. F. (2003). Demographic variation in SF-12 scores: True differences or differential item functioning? Medical Care, 41, 75–86. Fleishman, J. A., & Lawrence, W. F. (2003). Demographic variation in SF-12 scores: True differences or differential item functioning? Medical Care, 41, 75–86.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Teresi, J. A., Ocepek-Welikson, K., Kleinman, M., Cook, K. F., Crane, P. K., Gibbons, L. E., et al. (2007). Evaluating measurement equivalence using the item response theory log-likelihood ratio (IRTLR) method to assess differential item functioning (DIF): Applications (with illustrations) to measures of physical functioning ability and general distress. Quality of Life Research, 16(Supplement 1), 43–68.PubMedCrossRef Teresi, J. A., Ocepek-Welikson, K., Kleinman, M., Cook, K. F., Crane, P. K., Gibbons, L. E., et al. (2007). Evaluating measurement equivalence using the item response theory log-likelihood ratio (IRTLR) method to assess differential item functioning (DIF): Applications (with illustrations) to measures of physical functioning ability and general distress. Quality of Life Research, 16(Supplement 1), 43–68.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins, A. J., Stump, T. E., Monahan, P. O., & McHorney, C. A. (2006). Assessment of differential item functioning for demographic comparisons in the MOS SF-36 health survey. Quality of Life Research, 15(3), 331–348. doi:10.1007/s11136-005-1551-6.PubMedCrossRef Perkins, A. J., Stump, T. E., Monahan, P. O., & McHorney, C. A. (2006). Assessment of differential item functioning for demographic comparisons in the MOS SF-36 health survey. Quality of Life Research, 15(3), 331–348. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-005-1551-6.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Howell, E., Mora, P. A., Horowitz, C. R., & Leventhal, H. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in factors associated with early postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstetrics Gynecology, 105, 1442–1450.PubMedCrossRef Howell, E., Mora, P. A., Horowitz, C. R., & Leventhal, H. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in factors associated with early postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstetrics Gynecology, 105, 1442–1450.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Howell, E., Mora, P. A., & Leventhal, H. (2006). Correlates of early postpartum depression. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10, 149–157.PubMedCrossRef Howell, E., Mora, P. A., & Leventhal, H. (2006). Correlates of early postpartum depression. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 10, 149–157.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Howell, E., Mora, P. A., DiBonaventura, M. D., & Leventhal, H. (2009). Modifiable factors associated with changes in postpartum depressive symptoms. Archives of Women’s Health, 12, 113–120.CrossRef Howell, E., Mora, P. A., DiBonaventura, M. D., & Leventhal, H. (2009). Modifiable factors associated with changes in postpartum depressive symptoms. Archives of Women’s Health, 12, 113–120.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ware, J., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34, 220–233.PubMedCrossRef Ware, J., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34, 220–233.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Teresi, J. A. (2006). Different approaches to differential item functioning in health applications. Advantages, disadvantages and some neglected topics. Medical Care, 44, 152–170.CrossRef Teresi, J. A. (2006). Different approaches to differential item functioning in health applications. Advantages, disadvantages and some neglected topics. Medical Care, 44, 152–170.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press. Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleishman, J. A., Spector, W. D., & Altman, B. M. (2002). Impact of differential item functioning on age and gender differences in functional disability. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 57B, 275–284.CrossRef Fleishman, J. A., Spector, W. D., & Altman, B. M. (2002). Impact of differential item functioning on age and gender differences in functional disability. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 57B, 275–284.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Muthen, B. O., Kao, C., & Burstein, L. (1991). Instructionally sensitive psychometrics: An application of a new IRT-based detection technique to mathematics achievement test items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 28, 1–22.CrossRef Muthen, B. O., Kao, C., & Burstein, L. (1991). Instructionally sensitive psychometrics: An application of a new IRT-based detection technique to mathematics achievement test items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 28, 1–22.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Finch, H. (2005). The MIMIC model as a method for detecting DIF: Comparison with mantel-haenszel, SIBTEST, and the IRT likelihood ratio. Applied Psychological Measurement, 29(4), 278–295. doi:10.1177/0146621605275728.CrossRef Finch, H. (2005). The MIMIC model as a method for detecting DIF: Comparison with mantel-haenszel, SIBTEST, and the IRT likelihood ratio. Applied Psychological Measurement, 29(4), 278–295. doi:10.​1177/​0146621605275728​.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Willse, J. T., & Goodman, J. T. (2008). Comparison of multiple-indicators, multiple-causes- and item response theory-based analyses of subgroup differences. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 587–602.CrossRef Willse, J. T., & Goodman, J. T. (2008). Comparison of multiple-indicators, multiple-causes- and item response theory-based analyses of subgroup differences. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 587–602.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazor, K. M., Hambleton, R. K., & Clauser, B. E. (1998). Multidimensional DIF analyses: The effects of matching on unidimensional subtest scores. Applied Psychological Measurement, 22, 357–367.CrossRef Mazor, K. M., Hambleton, R. K., & Clauser, B. E. (1998). Multidimensional DIF analyses: The effects of matching on unidimensional subtest scores. Applied Psychological Measurement, 22, 357–367.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Finch, W. H., & French, B. F. (2008). Anomalous type I error rates for identifying one type of differential item functioning in the presence of the other. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 742–759.CrossRef Finch, W. H., & French, B. F. (2008). Anomalous type I error rates for identifying one type of differential item functioning in the presence of the other. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 742–759.CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Teresi, J. A., Kleinman, M., & Ocepek-Welikson, K. (2000). Modern psychometric methods for detection of differential item functioning: Application to cognitive assessment measures. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 1651–1683.PubMedCrossRef Teresi, J. A., Kleinman, M., & Ocepek-Welikson, K. (2000). Modern psychometric methods for detection of differential item functioning: Application to cognitive assessment measures. Statistics in Medicine, 19, 1651–1683.PubMedCrossRef
36.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Cole, S. R., Kawachi, I., Maller, S. J., & Berkman, L. F. (2000). Test of item-response bias in the CES-D scale: Experience from the new haven EPESE study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 53, 285–289.PubMedCrossRef Cole, S. R., Kawachi, I., Maller, S. J., & Berkman, L. F. (2000). Test of item-response bias in the CES-D scale: Experience from the new haven EPESE study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 53, 285–289.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-, & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing hu and bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, 320–341.CrossRef Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-, & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing hu and bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, 320–341.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Feinian, C., Curran, P. J., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods Research, 36, 462–494.CrossRef Feinian, C., Curran, P. J., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods Research, 36, 462–494.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Muthén, B. O. (1998–2004). Mplus technical appendices. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, B. O. (1998–2004). Mplus technical appendices. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu, C. Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yu, C. Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang, F. M., Tommet, D., & Jones, R. N. (2009). Disparities in self-reported geriatric depressive symptoms due to sociodemographic differences: An extension of the bi-factor item response theory model for use in differential item functioning. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 1025–1035.PubMedCrossRef Yang, F. M., Tommet, D., & Jones, R. N. (2009). Disparities in self-reported geriatric depressive symptoms due to sociodemographic differences: An extension of the bi-factor item response theory model for use in differential item functioning. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 1025–1035.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, F. F., West, S. G., & Sousa, K. H. (2006). A comparison of bifactor and second-order models of quality of life. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41, 189–225.CrossRef Chen, F. F., West, S. G., & Sousa, K. H. (2006). A comparison of bifactor and second-order models of quality of life. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41, 189–225.CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Reise, S. P., Morizot, J., & Hays, R. D. (2007). The role of the bifactor model in resolving dimensionality issues in health outcomes measures. Quality of Life Research, 16, 19–31.PubMedCrossRef Reise, S. P., Morizot, J., & Hays, R. D. (2007). The role of the bifactor model in resolving dimensionality issues in health outcomes measures. Quality of Life Research, 16, 19–31.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, J. E. (1973). Effects of accurate expectations about sensations on the sensory and distress components of pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 261–267.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, J. E. (1973). Effects of accurate expectations about sensations on the sensory and distress components of pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 261–267.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Leventhal, H., Halm, E., Horowitz, C., Leventhal, E., & Ozakinci, G. (2004). Living with chronic illness: A contextualized, self-regulation approach. In S. Sutton, A. Baum, & M. Johnston (Eds.), The sage handbook of health psychology (pp. 197–240). London: Sage. Leventhal, H., Halm, E., Horowitz, C., Leventhal, E., & Ozakinci, G. (2004). Living with chronic illness: A contextualized, self-regulation approach. In S. Sutton, A. Baum, & M. Johnston (Eds.), The sage handbook of health psychology (pp. 197–240). London: Sage.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, J. E., Leventhal, H., & Dabbs, J. (1971). J. M. contribution of emotional and instrumental response processes in adaptation to surgery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 55–64.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, J. E., Leventhal, H., & Dabbs, J. (1971). J. M. contribution of emotional and instrumental response processes in adaptation to surgery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 55–64.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, J. E., Morrissey, J. F., & Leventhal, H. (1973). Psychology preparation for an endoscopic examination. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 19, 180–182.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, J. E., Morrissey, J. F., & Leventhal, H. (1973). Psychology preparation for an endoscopic examination. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 19, 180–182.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, J. E., & Leventhal, H. (1974). The effects of accurate expectations and behavioral instructions on reactions during a noxious medical examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 710–718.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, J. E., & Leventhal, H. (1974). The effects of accurate expectations and behavioral instructions on reactions during a noxious medical examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 710–718.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat McBride, M. (2001). Relative-income effects on subjective well-being in the cross-section. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45, 251–278.CrossRef McBride, M. (2001). Relative-income effects on subjective well-being in the cross-section. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45, 251–278.CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Gregorich, S. E. (2006). Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework. Medical Care, 44, S78–S94.PubMedCrossRef Gregorich, S. E. (2006). Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework. Medical Care, 44, S78–S94.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Measurement invariance of the SF-12 across European-American, Latina, and African-American postpartum women
verfasst von
Tamer F. Desouky
Pablo A. Mora
Elizabeth A. Howell
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Quality of Life Research / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0232-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2013

Quality of Life Research 5/2013 Zur Ausgabe