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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 11/2016

19.01.2016 | Morbus Alzheimer | Übersichten

Mechanismen der Alzheimer-Krankheit

Neuronale Hyper- und Hypoaktivität als neue Therapieziele

verfasst von: Dr. M. A. Busche, M. Staufenbiel, M. Willem, C. Haass, H. Förstl

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Die Alzheimer-Krankheit ist gekennzeichnet durch die pathologische Ablagerung von Amyloid-β (Aβ) und Tau im Gehirn. Zusätzlich könnte das neu entdeckte Aeta (Aη) eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese spielen. Die Aufklärung der neurophysiologischen Mechanismen der Alzheimer-Krankheit hat einige überraschende Erkenntnisse erbracht, die für die Frühestidentifikation von Personen mit Alzheimer-Krankheit und die Entwicklung neuer Therapien von großer Bedeutung sein können. Funktionsanalysen auf verschiedenen Ebenen, von einzelnen Neuronen bis hin zu großen Netzwerken im intakten Gehirn in vivo zeigen nämlich, dass Aβ, Tau und Aη Gehirnaktivität abnorm modulieren und dabei offensichtlich gegensätzliche Wirkungen entfalten: Während Aβ Hyperaktivität und sogar zerebrale Anfälle verursacht, führen Tau und Aη zu einer neuronalen Hypoaktivität. Erste klinische Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Therapie von Hyperaktivität kognitive Funktionen verbessern und den Verlauf der Alzheimer-Krankheit günstig beeinflussen könnte.
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Metadaten
Titel
Mechanismen der Alzheimer-Krankheit
Neuronale Hyper- und Hypoaktivität als neue Therapieziele
verfasst von
Dr. M. A. Busche
M. Staufenbiel
M. Willem
C. Haass
H. Förstl
Publikationsdatum
19.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2016
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-015-0041-5

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