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Erschienen in: Urolithiasis 1/2015

01.01.2015 | Review

Mechanisms of human kidney stone formation

verfasst von: Andrew P. Evan, Elaine M. Worcester, Fredric L. Coe, James Williams Jr, James E. Lingeman

Erschienen in: Urolithiasis | Sonderheft 1/2015

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Abstract

The precise mechanisms of kidney stone formation and growth are not completely known, even though human stone disease appears to be one of the oldest diseases known to medicine. With the advent of the new digital endoscope and detailed renal physiological studies performed on well phenotyped stone formers, substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the most common type of stone former, the idiopathic calcium oxalate stone former as well as nine other stone forming groups. The observations from our group on human stone formers and those of others on model systems have suggested four entirely different pathways for kidney stone formation. Calcium oxalate stone growth over sites of Randall’s plaque appear to be the primary mode of stone formation for those patients with hypercalciuria. Overgrowths off the ends of Bellini duct plugs have been noted in most stone phenotypes, do they result in a clinical stone? Micro-lith formation does occur within the lumens of dilated inner medullary collecting ducts of cystinuric stone formers and appear to be confined to this space. Lastly, cystinuric stone formers also have numerous small, oval, smooth yellow appearing calyceal stones suggestive of formation in free solution. The scientific basis for each of these four modes of stone formation are reviewed and used to explore novel research opportunities.
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Metadaten
Titel
Mechanisms of human kidney stone formation
verfasst von
Andrew P. Evan
Elaine M. Worcester
Fredric L. Coe
James Williams Jr
James E. Lingeman
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Urolithiasis / Ausgabe Sonderheft 1/2015
Print ISSN: 2194-7228
Elektronische ISSN: 2194-7236
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-014-0701-0

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