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Medikamenteninduzierte Myopathien

verfasst von: Dr. J. Finsterer

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 6/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Muskuläre Nebenwirkungen einiger Anästhetika, Analgetika, Antibiotika, Antihistaminika, antiviraler Substanzen, Kardiotropika, Immunsuppressiva, Lipidsenker, Psychotropika, Zytostatika und verschiedener anderer Substanzen sind häufiger als angenommen und werden immer wieder übersehen. Klinisch manifestieren diese muskulären Nebenwirkungen in Form von Müdigkeit, Myalgien, Paresen, Steifigkeit, Dunkelfärbung des Harns, Belastungsintoleranz, Verlangsamung, Muskelkrämpfen, Muskelkater, Atrophien, Atemnot, Dysphagie, Faszikulationen, abgeschwächten Reflexen, Bewusstseinsstörung bzw. Hyperthermie. Die Diagnose medikamenteninduzierter Myopathien basiert auf der Anamnese, Neurostatus, Blut- und Harnchemie, bildgebenden Verfahren, Elektroneuro- und Myographie, und Muskelbiopsie. Ein Medikament, das bei einem Patienten einmal eine Myopathie induziert hat, sollte ihm nicht noch einmal verabreicht werden. Vor allem bei Patienten mit bekannter Myopathie sollten myotoxische Substanzen extrem vorsichtig eingesetzt werden. Substanzen die am häufigsten medikamenteninduzierte Myopathien auslösen sind Kortison, Statine, Fibrate, antiretrovirale Substanzen, Immunsuppressiva, Kolchizin, Amiodaron, halogenierte Inhalationsnarkotika, Lokalanästhetika sowie Zytostatika. Viele Medikamente sind nur in Kombination mit anderen myotoxisch und viele sind erst dann myotoxisch, wenn der Muskel bereits vorgeschädigt ist.

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Titel: Medikamenteninduzierte Myopathien
verfasst von: Dr. J. Finsterer
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2006
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 6/2006
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2080-4

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