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Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie 8/2018

03.09.2018 | Diabetische Retinopathie | Leitthema

Medikamentöse Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie – Die diabetologische Perspektive

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Hans‑Peter Hammes

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 8/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Die Primärprävention und Sekundärintervention bei diabetischer Retinopathie stützen sich auf die wesentlichen pathogenetischen Faktoren Blutzucker und Blutdruck, während die Behandlung der Dyslipidämie zur Progressionshemmung umstritten ist. Die Effektstärke der Blutzuckerspiegelsenkung auf die Retinopathie ist moderat, es existiert bei Typ-1-Diabetes ein „point of no return“ (moderate nichtproliferative diabetische Retinopathie), ab dem eine Normalisierung des Blutzuckerspiegels (HbA1c-Zielwert [HbA1c: Glykohämoglobin Typ A1c] 7 %, 53 mmol/mol) keinen Effekt mehr hat. Bei Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) ist das Wirkfenster der normnahen Einstellung noch kleiner. Am besten profitieren Patienten während der Phase der milden nichtproliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie. Neue Daten zur Behandlung eines T2D erinnern wegen der möglichen Verschlechterung einer vorbestehenden Retinopathie durch abrupte Verbesserung der Stoffwechselkontrolle mit lang wirksamen GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten (GLP-1: „glucagon-like peptide 1“) an die Notwendigkeit, eine Funduskontrolle bei Patienten zu veranlassen, bei denen eine Retinopathie bekannt oder nicht untersucht ist und bei denen eine beträchtliche Senkung des HbA1c (>1 %) innerhalb einer relativ kurzen Zeit (<3 Monate) vorgenommen wird („euglycemic reentry“). Gleiches gilt für Menschen mit T2D vor Bariatrie. Der Effekt der Blutdrucksenkung ist unbestritten, bedarf aber einer individuellen Abwägung. Ziel ist ein Blutdruck von 140/80 mmHg. Eine diabetische Retinopathie erfordert insbesondere bei Hochrisikopatienten eine präzise interdisziplinäre Kommunikation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Medikamentöse Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie – Die diabetologische Perspektive
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Hans‑Peter Hammes
Publikationsdatum
03.09.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 8/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-018-0372-5

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