nach oben

Current Oncology Reports

Erschienen in:

01.03.2018 | Melanoma (RJ Sullivan, Section Editor)

Melanoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

verfasst von: Masutaka Furue, Takamichi Ito, Naoko Wada, Maiko Wada, Takafumi Kadono, Hiroshi Uchi

Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports | Ausgabe 3/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma is dismal with a median overall survival of about 8 months and 5-year overall survival from a diagnosis of metastatic disease of roughly 10%. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors have brought indispensable benefits to melanoma patients. Here we will review the recent clinical efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma patients.

Recent Findings

The immune checkpoint inhibitors increase confirmed objective response and prolong progression-free and overall survival of the afflicted patients in association with maintaining their quality of life. Although diverse immune-related adverse events occur, most of them are manageable by appropriate immunomodulating agents. Clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors continues even after discontinuation of drugs.

Summary

Compared with conventional therapeutic options, the immune checkpoint inhibitors appear to prolong the survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Further clinical trials are warranted to determine whether their combinatory use with other treatment options may augment benefits or not.

Ernst DS, Petrella T, Joshua AM, Hamou A, Thabane M, Vantyghem S, et al. Burden of illness for metastatic melanoma in Canada, 2011-2013. Curr Oncol. 2016;23(6):e563–e70. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.23.3161.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gwadry-Sridhar F, Nikan S, Hamou A, Seung SJ, Petrella T, Joshua AM, et al. Resource utilization and costs of managing patients with advanced melanoma: a Canadian population-based study. Curr Oncol. 2017;24(3):168–75. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3432.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Szczepaniak Sloane RA, Gopalakrishnan V, Reddy SM, Zhang X, Reuben A, Wargo JA. Interaction of molecular alterations with immune response in melanoma. Cancer. 2017;123(S11):2130–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30681.CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization, International Agency on Cancer Research (iarc). GLOBOCAN 2008: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in 2008 [Web resource]. Lyon, France: iarc: 2008. [Current version (2012) available online at: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx; cited 5 Mar 2016].

Garbe C, Eigentler TK, Keilholz U, Hauschild A, Kirkwood JM. Systematic review of medical treatment in melanoma: current status and future prospects. Oncologist. 2011;16(1):5–24. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0190.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Farnetani F, Scope A, Coco V, Guida S, Cesinaro AM, Piana S, et al. Paradigmatic cases of pigmented lesions: how to not miss melanoma. J Dermatol. 2016;43(12):1433–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13522.CrossRefPubMed

Yamamura K, Otsuka A, Kaku Y, Seidel JA, Nomura M, Nagai H, et al. Dermoscopic changes in malignant melanoma after successful treatment with nivolumab: a case report. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):547–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13501.CrossRefPubMed

Woltsche N, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Deinlein T, Rammel K, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Zalaudek I. Abundance of the benign melanocytic universe: dermoscopic-histopathological correlation in nevi. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):499–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13808.CrossRefPubMed

Sakai H, Ando Y, Ikinaga K, Tanaka M. Estimating melanin location in the pigmented skin lesions by hue-saturation-lightness color space values of dermoscopic images. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):490–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13725.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Russo T, Piccolo V, Ferrara G, Agozzino M, Alfano R, Longo C, et al. Dermoscopy pathology correlation in melanoma. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):507–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13629.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Floristán Muruzábal U, Gamo Villegas R, Pampín Franco A, Pinedo Moraleda F, Pérez Fernández E, López-Estebaranz JL. Combined in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and digital dermoscopy for follow up of patients at high risk of malignant melanoma: a prospective case series study. J Dermatol. 2017;44(6):681–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13743.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Asahara M, Hoashi T, Shirakawa N, Matano Y, Funasaka Y, Saeki H. Case of nodular melanoma on the upper eyelid dermoscopically mimicking pigmented basal cell carcinoma. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):543–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13615.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Wada M, Ito T, Tsuji G, Nakahara T, Hagihara A, Furue M, et al. Acral lentiginous melanoma versus other melanoma: a single-center analysis in Japan. J Dermatol. 2017;44(8):932–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13834.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Hoashi T, Funasaka Y, Shirakawa N, Matano Y, Ansai SI, Saeki H. Case of subungual malignant melanoma showing the subtle clinical features and unexpected typical histopathological findings of melanoma in situ. J Dermatol. 2016;43(11):1361–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13391.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Shoushtari AN, Munhoz RR, Kuk D, Ott PA, Johnson DB, Tsai KK, et al. The efficacy of anti-PD-1 agents in acral and mucosal melanoma. Cancer. 2016;122(21):3354–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30259.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Furue M, Kadono T. Melanoma therapy: check the checkpoints. J Dermatol. 2016;43(2):121–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13257.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Achkar T, Tarhini AA. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10(1):88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0458-3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Yamazaki N, Uhara H, Wada H, Matsuda K, Yamamoto K, Shimamoto T, et al. Phase I study of pegylated interferon-alpha-2b as an adjuvant therapy in Japanese patients with malignant melanoma. J Dermatol. 2016;43(10):1146–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13338.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Rivas-Tolosa N, Ortiz-Brugués A, Toledo-Pastrana T, Baradad M, Traves V, Soriano V, et al. Local cryosurgery and imiquimod: a successful combination for the treatment of locoregional cutaneous metastasis of melanoma: a case series. J Dermatol. 2016;43(5):553–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13197.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Shain AH, Yeh I, Kovalyshyn I, Sriharan A, Talevich E, Gagnon A, et al. The genetic evolution of melanoma from precursor lesions. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(20):1926–36. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1502583.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Tokuzumi A, Fukushima S, Miyashita A, Nakahara S, Kubo Y, Yamashita J, et al. Cell division cycle-associated protein 1 as a new melanoma-associated antigen. J Dermatol. 2016;43(12):1399–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13436.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Umemura H, Yamasaki O, Kaji T, Otsuka M, Asagoe K, Takata M, et al. Usefulness of serum 5-S-cysteinyl-dopa as a biomarker for predicting prognosis and detecting relapse in patients with advanced stage malignant melanoma. J Dermatol. 2017;44(4):449–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13651.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Mori M, Funakoshi T, Kameyama K, Kawakami Y, Sato E, Nakayama E, et al. Lack of XAGE-1b and NY-ESO-1 in metastatic lymph nodes may predict the potential survival of stage III melanoma patients. J Dermatol. 2017;44(6):671–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13730.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Fukumoto T, Sakaguchi M, Oka M, Nishimura M, Mukohara T, Nishigori C. Malignant melanoma with bone marrow involvement diagnosed from hypercalcemia: development of a neural cell adhesion molecule stain. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):e105–e6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13718.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Volpe VO, Klufas DM, Hegde U, Grant-Kels JM. The new paradigm of systemic therapies for metastatic melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(2):356–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1126.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Furudate S, Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Hidaka T, Sato Y, Tanita K, et al. Keratoacanthoma, palmoplantar keratoderma developing in an advanced melanoma patient treated with vemurafenib regressed by blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling. J Dermatol. 2017;44(9):e226–e7. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13898.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Long GV, Weber JS, Infante JR, Kim KB, Daud A, Gonzalez R, et al. Overall survival and durable responses in patients with BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma receiving dabrafenib combined with trametinib. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(8):871–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.62.9345.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Leal L, Agut-Busquet E, Romani J, Sabat M, Yebenes M, Saez A, et al. Cutaneous granulomatous panniculitis and sarcoidal granulomatous papular eruption in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with a BRAF inhibitor. J Dermatol. 2016;43(6):715–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13255.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Topalian SL, Drake CG, Pardoll DM. Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy. Cancer Cell. 2015;27(4):450–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Walker LSK. PD-1 and CTLA4: two checkpoints, one pathway? Sci Immunol. 2017;2(11):eaan3864. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aan3864.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Blank C, Brown I, Peterson AC, Spiotto M, Iwai Y, Honjo T, et al. PD-L1/B7H-1 inhibits the effector phase of tumor rejection by T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8+ T cells. Cancer Res. 2004;64(3):1140–5. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3259.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Oba J, Nakahara T, Abe T, Hagihara A, Moroi Y, Furue M. Expression of programmed death receptor ligand 1 in melanoma may indicate tumor progression and poor patient survival. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(5):954–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.880.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Daud AI, Wolchok JD, Robert C, Hwu WJ, Weber JS, Ribas A, et al. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression and response to the anti-programmed death 1 antibody pembrolizumab in melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(34):4102–9. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.2477.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Kraft S, Fernandez-Figueras MT, Richarz NA, Flaherty KT, Hoang MP. PDL1 expression in desmoplastic melanoma is associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(3):534–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.007.CrossRefPubMed

35.

• Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):23–34. This report shows that combinatory nivolumab and ipilimumab treatment prolongs the patient survival than monotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1504030.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann K, McDermott D, et al. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2006–17. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414428.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

• Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, et al. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1345–56. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1709684. This report shows that combinatory nivolumab and ipilimumab treatment prolongs the patient survival than monotherapy.CrossRefPubMed

38.

• Hodi FS, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, Robert C, Grossmann KF, McDermott DF, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma: 2-year overall survival outcomes in a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(11):1558–68. This report shows that nivolumab prolongs the patient survival more than ipilimumab. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30366-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

• Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet. 2017;390(10105):1853–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31601-X. This report shows that pembrolizumab prolongs the patient survival more than ipilimumab.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2521–32. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503093.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(8):908–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00083-2.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Weber J, Mandala M, Del Vecchio M, Gogas HJ, Arance AM, Cowey CL, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab versus ipilimumab in resected stage III or IV melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(19):1824–35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1709030.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Larkin J, Minor D, D'Angelo S, Neyns B, Smylie M, Miller WH Jr, et al. Overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma who received nivolumab versus investigator’s choice chemotherapy in CheckMate 037: a randomized, controlled, open-label phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017:JCO2016718023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.71.8023.

44.

Weber JS, D'Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):375–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70076-8.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):320–30. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1412082.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Ascierto PA, Del Vecchio M, Robert C, Mackiewicz A, Chiarion-Sileni V, Arance A, et al. Ipilimumab 10 mg/kg versus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(5):611–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30231-0.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Eggermont AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Grob JJ, Dummer R, Wolchok JD, Schmidt H, et al. Prolonged survival in stage III melanoma with ipilimumab adjuvant therapy. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1845–55. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1611299.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, O'Day S, Weber J, Garbe C, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(26):2517–26. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1104621.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):711–23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1003466.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Maio M, Grob JJ, Aamdal S, Bondarenko I, Robert C, Thomas L, et al. Five-year survival rates for treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab plus dacarbazine in a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(10):1191–6. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.6018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Long GV, Atkinson V, Ascierto PA, Robert C, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, et al. Effect of nivolumab on health-related quality of life in patients with treatment-naïve advanced melanoma: results from the phase III CheckMate 066 study. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(10):1940–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw265.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Hauschild A, Robert C, Hamid O, Daud A, et al. Health-related quality of life in the randomised KEYNOTE-002 study of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with ipilimumab-refractory melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2016;67:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.018.CrossRefPubMed

53.

De Velasco G, Je Y, Bossé D, Awad MM, Ott PA, Moreira RB, et al. Comprehensive meta-analysis of key immune-related adverse events from CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Res. 2017;5(4):312–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0237.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Heinzerling L, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Husain AN, Tajmir-Riahi A, Tawbi H, et al. Cardiotoxicity associated with CTLA4 and PD1 blocking immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4(1):50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-016-0152-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Nakamura Y, Tanaka R, Asami Y, Teramoto Y, Imamura T, Sato S, et al. Correlation between vitiligo occurrence and clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with nivolumab: a multi-institutional retrospective study. J Dermatol. 2017;44(2):117–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13520.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Arai T, Harada K, Usui Y, Irisawa R, Tsuboi R. Case of acute anterior uveitis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome-like eruptions induced by nivolumab in a melanoma patient. J Dermatol. 2017;44(8):975–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13612.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Furudate S, Kakizaki A, Hidaka T, Haga T, et al. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency possibly caused by nivolumab in a metastatic melanoma patient. J Dermatol. 2017;44(3):e13–e4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13532.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Tanaka A, Ikinaga K, Kiyohara E, Tanemura A, Wataya-Kaneda M, Fujimura R, et al. Critical renal adverse event induced by nivolumab therapy in a stage IV melanoma patient. J Dermatol. 2017;44(6):727–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13538.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Teramoto Y, Nakamura Y, Asami Y, Imamura T, Takahira S, Nemoto M, et al. Case of type 1 diabetes associated with less-dose nivolumab therapy in a melanoma patient. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):605–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13486.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Wada N, Uchi H, Furue M. Case of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) syndrome induced by nivolumab in a patient with advanced malignant melanoma. J Dermatol. 2017;44(8):e196–e7. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13840.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Weber JS, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Topalian SL, Schadendorf D, Larkin J, et al. Safety profile of nivolumab monotherapy: a pooled analysis of patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(7):785–92. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.66.1389.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Schadendorf D, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, et al. Efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma who discontinued treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab because of adverse events: a pooled analysis of randomized phase II and III trials. J Clin Oncol. 2017:JCO2017732289. doi: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.2289.

63.

Fujimura T, Furudate S, Kakizaki A, Kambayashi Y, Haga T, Hashimoto A, et al. Contact immunotherapy enhances the therapeutic effects of nivolumab in treating in-transit melanoma: two cases reports. J Dermatol. 2016;43(6):686–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13229.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Furudate S, Hidaka T, Sato Y, Tanita K, et al. Successful treatment of multiple in-transit melanomas on the leg with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors: report of two cases. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):592–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.13707.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Melanoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
verfasst von: Masutaka Furue
Takamichi Ito
Naoko Wada
Maiko Wada
Takafumi Kadono
Hiroshi Uchi
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Oncology Reports / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-018-0676-z

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

23.04.2024 | Medikamente in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit | Nachrichten

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Melanoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Müde im Alter? Auch an die Nebenniere denken

Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

Update Onkologie

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2018

Current Information and Recommendations on the Discontinuation of TKI Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Using Information Technology in the Assessment and Monitoring of Geriatric Oncology Patients

Incidence and Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Exercise Training and Cardiovascular Health in Cancer Patients

Electronic Assessment of Physical Decline in Geriatric Cancer Patients

Mucosal Melanoma: a Literature Review

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Krebspatienten impfen: Was? Wen? Und wann nicht?

Müde im Alter? Auch an die Nebenniere denken

Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

Update Onkologie