Background
Methods
Setting
Study population
Data collection
Questionnaire survey
Other data
Outcome measures
Analysis
Results
Eligible GPs | Respondents | Response rate | Risk difference, adjusteda | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | % (95% CI) | PPb (95% CI) | ||
Total | 3350 (100) | 1697 (100) | 50.7 (48.9–52.4) | ||
Gender | Female | 1670 (49.9) | 941 (55.5) | 56.3 (53.9–58.7) | ref. |
Male | 1680 (50.1) | 756 (44.5) | 45.0 (42.6–47.4) |
-8.2 (-11.7; -4.7)
| |
Age (years) | ≤ 45 | 934 (27.9) | 501 (29.5) | 53.6 (50.4–56.9) | ref. |
46–59 | 1404 (41.9) | 771 (45.4) | 54.9 (52.2–57.5) | 1.7 (-2.4–5.9) | |
≥ 60 | 1012 (30.2) | 425 (25.0) | 42.0 (38.9–45.1) |
-8.0 (-12.7; -3.3)
| |
GPs per practice | 1 | 965 (28.8) | 439 (25.9) | 45.5 (42.3–48.7) | ref. |
2–3 | 1515 (45.2) | 786 (46.3) | 51.9 (49.4–54.5) | 1.3 (-3.0–5.6) | |
> 3 | 871 (26.0) | 472 (27.8) | 54.2 (50.8–57.5) | 2.4 (-2.6–7.3) | |
Listed patients per GP (number): | |||||
All patients | < 1400 | 841 (25.1) | 442 (26.1) | 52.6 (49.1–56.0) | ref. |
1400–1589 | 836 (25.0) | 456 (26.9) | 54.5 (51.1–58.0) | 2.1 (-2.7–6.8) | |
1590–1779 | 836 (25.0) | 416 (24.5) | 49.8 (46.3–53.2) | − 2.4 (-7.2–2.4) | |
> 1779 | 837 (25.0) | 383 (22.6) | 45.8 (42.3–49.2) |
-5.4 (-10.3; -0.5)
| |
Patients with CCI score of ≥1 | < 224 | 846 (25.3) | 471 (27.8) | 55.7 (52.3–59.1) | ref. |
224–263 | 837 (25.0) | 446 (26.3) | 53.3 (49.8–56.7) | -2.9 (-7.9–2.0) | |
264–311 | 836 (25.0) | 416 (24.5) | 49.8 (46.3–53.2) |
-5.0 (-10.3; -0.5)
| |
> 311 | 831 (24.8) | 364 (21.5) | 43.8 (40.4–47.3) |
-7.6 (-13.5; -1.6)
| |
Patients aged ≥70 years | < 152 | 839 (25.0) | 468 (27.6) | 55.8 (52.3–59.2) | ref. |
152–200 | 840 (25.1) | 433 (25.5) | 51.5 (48.1–55.0) |
-4.8 (-9.6–0.0)
| |
201–250 | 839 (25.0) | 426 (25.1) | 50.8 (47.3–54.2) |
-5.2 (-10.2; -0.3)
| |
> 250 | 832 (24.8) | 370 (21.8) | 44.4 (41.1–47.9) |
-7.0 (-12.2; -1.8)
| |
DADIc score | ≤ 22.75 | 842 (25.2) | 469 (27.7) | 55.7 (52.3–59.1) | ref. |
(missing information: n = 6) | 23–27.25 | 837 (25.0) | 439 (25.9) | 52.5 (49.0–55.9) | -2.6 (-7.4–2.1) |
27.5–31.75 | 834 (24.9) | 404 (23.8) | 48.9 (45.0–51.9) |
-5.5 (-10.3; -0.8)
| |
≥ 32 | 831 (24.9) | 381 (22.5) | 45.8 (42.4–49.3) |
-6.4 (-11.3; -1.5)
|
n
| % (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Burnout/engagement (MBI) | ||
Emotional exhaustion (EE) | ||
High (indicative of burnout) | 519 | 30.6 (28.4–32.8) |
Medium | 501 | 29.5 (27.4–31.8) |
Low | 677 | 39.9 (37.6–42.3) |
Depersonalisation (DP) | ||
High (indicative of burnout) | 357 | 21.0 (19.1–23.1) |
Medium | 505 | 29.8 (27.6–32.0) |
Low | 835 | 49.2 (46.8–51.6) |
Personal accomplishment (PA) | ||
Low (indicative of burnout) | 621 | 36.6 (34.3–38.9) |
Medium | 810 | 47.7 (45.3–50.1) |
High | 266 | 15.7 (13.9–17.5) |
Overall job satisfaction (WCW-JSS, single item) | ||
Low (score ≤ 3) | 375 | 22.1 (20.1–24.1) |
Moderate (score 4–5) | 564 | 33.2 (31.0–35.5) |
High (score ≥ 6) | 758 | 44.7 (42.3–47.1) |
Perceived stress (PSS-10) | ||
Score ≥ 18 (indicative of high stress) | 345 | 20.6 (18.7–22.6) |
General well-being (WHO-5) | ||
Poor (score ≤ 50) | 312 | 18.6 (16.8–20.6) |
Moderate | 506 | 30.3 (28.1–32.5) |
Good (score > 70) | 855 | 51.1 (48.7–53.5) |
Self-rated health (SF-12, single item) | ||
Poor | 6 | 0.4 (0.1–0.8) |
Fair | 129 | 7.7 (6.5–9.1) |
Good | 545 | 32.6 (30.3–34.9) |
Very good or excellent | 994 | 59.4 (57.0–61.7) |
Work-life balance | ||
Poor | 272 | 16.2 (14.5–18.1) |
Moderate | 743 | 44.4 (42.0–46.8) |
Good | 660 | 39.4 (37.1–41.8) |
Strains in private life | ||
No | 935 | 56.6 (54.2–59.0) |
A little | 419 | 25.4 (23.3–27.5) |
Some | 250 | 15.1 (13.4–17.0) |
A lot | 48 | 2.9 (2.1–3.8) |
Male | 46–59 years | ≥ 60 years | Group practice | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(female as ref.) | (≤ 45 years as ref.) | (solo practice as ref.) | ||
Negative aspects
| ||||
EE high | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.15 (0.90–1.46) |
0.70 (0.51–0.94)
| 0.84 (0.65–1.07) |
DP high |
1.56 (1.23–1.99)
| 0.96 (0.73–1.26) |
0.50 (0.35–0.71)
| 0.92 (0.70–1.22) |
PA low | 1.11 (0.91–1.37) | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) | 0.85 (0.68–1.07) |
Job satisfaction lowa |
1.55 (1.23–1.95)
|
1.44 (1.10–1.90)
| 1.32 (0.96–1.86) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) |
Perceived stress high | 0.83 (0.65–1.08) | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) |
0.49 (0.34–0.71)
| 0.88 (0.66–1.17) |
General well-being poor | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 1.03 (0.77–1.40) |
0.46 (0.31–0.68)
| 0.77 (0.58–1.03) |
Self-rated health poor or fair | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) |
1.55 (1.00–2.40)
| 1.06 (0.62–1.82) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) |
Work-life balance poor | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) |
0.52 (0.35–0.77)
|
0.72 (0.53–0.97)
|
Strains in private life (some/a lot) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 1.17 (0.87–1.58) | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) |
Combinations of measures | ||||
1.50 (1.08–2.07)
|
1.45 (1.01–2.08)
| 0.66 (0.40–1.09) | 0.91 (0.64–1.30) | |
Poor overall mental health (≥ 2 burnout symptoms, high perceived stress and poor general well-being) (Fig. 3a) |
1.65 (1.16–2.36)
| 1.24 (0.83–1.83) |
0.39 (0.22–0.70)
| 0.80 (0.53–1.20) |
Positive aspects
| ||||
EE low |
1.23 (1.01–1.51)
| 0.95 (0.75–1.20) |
1.56 (1.19–2.06)
| 0.89 (0.76–1.12) |
DP low |
0.73 (0.60–0.89)
| 1.02 (0.81–1.29) |
1.77 (1.35–2.34)
| 0.87 (0.69–1.09) |
PA high | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.09 (0.80–1.50) | 1.29 (0.90–1.88) | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) |
Job satisfaction highb |
0.77 (0.61–0.98)
|
0.65 (0.50–0.84)
| 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.88 (0.67–1.15) |
General well-being high | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) |
1.47 (1.16–1.85)
|
2.57 (1.93–3.40)
| 1.09 (0.87–1.37) |
Work-life balance good |
1.31 (1.07–1.62)
| 1.23 (0.97–1.57) |
2.11 (1.58–2.79)
| 1.23 (0.97–1.56) |
Combinations of measures | ||||
Engagement (EE low, DP low and PA high) | 1.01 (0.72–1.43) | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) |
1.70 (1.07–2.70)
| 0.92 (0.64–1.34) |
0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 0.93 (0.70–1.21) | 1.28 (0.94–1.74) | 0.86 (0.67–1.12) |