Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology 2/2017

05.12.2016 | Review

Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment

verfasst von: Lucía Minarrieta, Peyman Ghorbani, Tim Sparwasser, Luciana Berod

Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of the immune response based on signals they receive from the environment. Presentation of antigen under various contexts can lead to activation and differentiation of T cells for immunity or dampening of immune responses by establishing tolerance, primarily through the priming of regulatory T cells. Infections, inflammation and normal cellular interactions shape DC responses through direct contact or via cytokine signaling. Although it is widely accepted that DCs sense microbial components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), increasing evidence advocates for the existence of a set of signals that can profoundly shape DC function via PRR-independent pathways. This diverse group of host- or commensal-derived metabolites represents a newly appreciated code from which DCs can interpret environmental cues. In this review, we discuss the existing information on the effect of some of the most studied metabolites on DC function, together with the implications this may have in immune-mediated diseases.
Literatur
2.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins CB, Aherne CM, McNamee EN, Lebsack MD, Eltzschig H, Jedlicka P, Rivera-Nieves J (2012) Flt3 ligand expands CD103(+) dendritic cells and FoxP3 (+) T regulatory cells, and attenuates Crohn's-like murine ileitis. Gut 61(8):1154–1162. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300820 PubMedCrossRef Collins CB, Aherne CM, McNamee EN, Lebsack MD, Eltzschig H, Jedlicka P, Rivera-Nieves J (2012) Flt3 ligand expands CD103(+) dendritic cells and FoxP3 (+) T regulatory cells, and attenuates Crohn's-like murine ileitis. Gut 61(8):1154–1162. doi:10.​1136/​gutjnl-2011-300820 PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Coombes JL, Siddiqui KR, Arancibia-Carcamo CV, Hall J, Sun CM, Belkaid Y, Powrie F (2007) A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism. J Exp Med 204(8):1757–1764. doi:10.1084/jem.20070590 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coombes JL, Siddiqui KR, Arancibia-Carcamo CV, Hall J, Sun CM, Belkaid Y, Powrie F (2007) A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism. J Exp Med 204(8):1757–1764. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20070590 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamazaki S, Dudziak D, Heidkamp GF, Fiorese C, Bonito AJ, Inaba K, Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM (2008) CD8+ CD205+ splenic dendritic cells are specialized to induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 181(10):6923–6933PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yamazaki S, Dudziak D, Heidkamp GF, Fiorese C, Bonito AJ, Inaba K, Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM (2008) CD8+ CD205+ splenic dendritic cells are specialized to induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 181(10):6923–6933PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Darrasse-Jeze G, Deroubaix S, Mouquet H, Victora GD, Eisenreich T, Yao KH, Masilamani RF, Dustin ML, Rudensky A, Liu K, Nussenzweig MC (2009) Feedback control of regulatory T cell homeostasis by dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med 206(9):1853–1862. doi:10.1084/jem.20090746 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Darrasse-Jeze G, Deroubaix S, Mouquet H, Victora GD, Eisenreich T, Yao KH, Masilamani RF, Dustin ML, Rudensky A, Liu K, Nussenzweig MC (2009) Feedback control of regulatory T cell homeostasis by dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med 206(9):1853–1862. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20090746 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bigley V, Haniffa M, Doulatov S, Wang XN, Dickinson R, McGovern N, Jardine L, Pagan S, Dimmick I, Chua I, Wallis J, Lordan J, Morgan C, Kumararatne DS, Doffinger R, van der Burg M, van Dongen J, Cant A, Dick JE, Hambleton S, Collin M (2011) The human syndrome of dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency. J Exp Med 208(2):227–234. doi:10.1084/jem.20101459 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bigley V, Haniffa M, Doulatov S, Wang XN, Dickinson R, McGovern N, Jardine L, Pagan S, Dimmick I, Chua I, Wallis J, Lordan J, Morgan C, Kumararatne DS, Doffinger R, van der Burg M, van Dongen J, Cant A, Dick JE, Hambleton S, Collin M (2011) The human syndrome of dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency. J Exp Med 208(2):227–234. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20101459 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Esterhazy D, Loschko J, London M, Jove V, Oliveira TY, Mucida D (2016) Classical dendritic cells are required for dietary antigen-mediated induction of peripheral Treg cells and tolerance. Nat Immunol 17(5):545–555. doi:10.1038/ni.3408 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Esterhazy D, Loschko J, London M, Jove V, Oliveira TY, Mucida D (2016) Classical dendritic cells are required for dietary antigen-mediated induction of peripheral Treg cells and tolerance. Nat Immunol 17(5):545–555. doi:10.​1038/​ni.​3408 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Luckey TD (1972) Introduction to intestinal microecology. Am J Clin Nutr 25(12):1292–1294PubMed Luckey TD (1972) Introduction to intestinal microecology. Am J Clin Nutr 25(12):1292–1294PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES, Yadava K, Sichelstiel AK, Sprenger N, Ngom-Bru C, Blanchard C, Junt T, Nicod LP, Harris NL, Marsland BJ (2014) Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat Med 20(2):159–166. doi:10.1038/nm.3444 PubMedCrossRef Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES, Yadava K, Sichelstiel AK, Sprenger N, Ngom-Bru C, Blanchard C, Junt T, Nicod LP, Harris NL, Marsland BJ (2014) Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat Med 20(2):159–166. doi:10.​1038/​nm.​3444 PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Graf D, Di Cagno R, Fak F, Flint HJ, Nyman M, Saarela M, Watzl B (2015) Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26164. doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.26164 PubMed Graf D, Di Cagno R, Fak F, Flint HJ, Nyman M, Saarela M, Watzl B (2015) Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26164. doi:10.​3402/​mehd.​v26.​26164 PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Leslie RD, Hawa M (1994) Twin studies in auto-immune disease. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 43(1–2):71–81PubMedCrossRef Leslie RD, Hawa M (1994) Twin studies in auto-immune disease. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 43(1–2):71–81PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds LA, Smith KA, Filbey KJ, Harcus Y, Hewitson JP, Redpath SA, Valdez Y, Yebra MJ, Finlay BB, Maizels RM (2014) Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract: lactobacilli promote infection with, and are promoted by, helminth parasites. Gut Microbes 5(4):522–532. doi:10.4161/gmic.32155 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Reynolds LA, Smith KA, Filbey KJ, Harcus Y, Hewitson JP, Redpath SA, Valdez Y, Yebra MJ, Finlay BB, Maizels RM (2014) Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract: lactobacilli promote infection with, and are promoted by, helminth parasites. Gut Microbes 5(4):522–532. doi:10.​4161/​gmic.​32155 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Holm JB, Sorobetea D, Kiilerich P, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Estelle J, Ma T, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Svensson-Frej M (2015) Chronic Trichuris muris infection decreases diversity of the intestinal microbiota and concomitantly increases the abundance of lactobacilli. PLoS One 10(5):e0125495. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125495 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Holm JB, Sorobetea D, Kiilerich P, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Estelle J, Ma T, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Svensson-Frej M (2015) Chronic Trichuris muris infection decreases diversity of the intestinal microbiota and concomitantly increases the abundance of lactobacilli. PLoS One 10(5):e0125495. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0125495 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Metlay JP, Witmer-Pack MD, Agger R, Crowley MT, Lawless D, Steinman RM (1990) The distinct leukocyte integrins of mouse spleen dendritic cells as identified with new hamster monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med 171(5):1753–1771PubMedCrossRef Metlay JP, Witmer-Pack MD, Agger R, Crowley MT, Lawless D, Steinman RM (1990) The distinct leukocyte integrins of mouse spleen dendritic cells as identified with new hamster monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med 171(5):1753–1771PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Homann D, Jahreis A, Wolfe T, Hughes A, Coon B, van Stipdonk MJ, Prilliman KR, Schoenberger SP, von Herrath MG (2002) CD40L blockade prevents autoimmune diabetes by induction of bitypic NK/DC regulatory cells. Immunity 16(3):403–415PubMedCrossRef Homann D, Jahreis A, Wolfe T, Hughes A, Coon B, van Stipdonk MJ, Prilliman KR, Schoenberger SP, von Herrath MG (2002) CD40L blockade prevents autoimmune diabetes by induction of bitypic NK/DC regulatory cells. Immunity 16(3):403–415PubMedCrossRef
31.
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Huleatt JW, Lefrancois L (1995) Antigen-driven induction of CD11c on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in vivo. J Immunol 154(11):5684–5693PubMed Huleatt JW, Lefrancois L (1995) Antigen-driven induction of CD11c on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in vivo. J Immunol 154(11):5684–5693PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Heng TS, Painter MW, Immunological Genome Project C (2008) The immunological genome project: networks of gene expression in immune cells. Nat Immunol 9(10):1091–1094. doi:10.1038/ni1008-1091 CrossRef Heng TS, Painter MW, Immunological Genome Project C (2008) The immunological genome project: networks of gene expression in immune cells. Nat Immunol 9(10):1091–1094. doi:10.​1038/​ni1008-1091 CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudek M, Puttur F, Arnold-Schrauf C, Kuhl AA, Holzmann B, Henriques-Normark B, Berod L, Sparwasser T (2015) Lung epithelium and myeloid cells cooperate to clear acute pneumococcal infection. Mucosal immunology. doi:10.1038/mi.2015.128 PubMedPubMedCentral Dudek M, Puttur F, Arnold-Schrauf C, Kuhl AA, Holzmann B, Henriques-Normark B, Berod L, Sparwasser T (2015) Lung epithelium and myeloid cells cooperate to clear acute pneumococcal infection. Mucosal immunology. doi:10.​1038/​mi.​2015.​128 PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Satpathy AT, Kc W, Albring JC, Edelson BT, Kretzer NM, Bhattacharya D, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (2012) Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their committed progenitors from other immune lineages. J Exp Med 209(6):1135–1152. doi:10.1084/jem.20120030 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Satpathy AT, Kc W, Albring JC, Edelson BT, Kretzer NM, Bhattacharya D, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (2012) Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their committed progenitors from other immune lineages. J Exp Med 209(6):1135–1152. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20120030 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Meredith MM, Liu K, Darrasse-Jeze G, Kamphorst AO, Schreiber HA, Guermonprez P, Idoyaga J, Cheong C, Yao KH, Niec RE, Nussenzweig MC (2012) Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage. J Exp Med 209(6):1153–1165. doi:10.1084/jem.20112675 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meredith MM, Liu K, Darrasse-Jeze G, Kamphorst AO, Schreiber HA, Guermonprez P, Idoyaga J, Cheong C, Yao KH, Niec RE, Nussenzweig MC (2012) Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage. J Exp Med 209(6):1153–1165. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20112675 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Guilliams M, Ginhoux F, Jakubzick C, Naik SH, Onai N, Schraml BU, Segura E, Tussiwand R, Yona S (2014) Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny. Nat Rev Immunol 14(8):571–578. doi:10.1038/nri3712 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Guilliams M, Ginhoux F, Jakubzick C, Naik SH, Onai N, Schraml BU, Segura E, Tussiwand R, Yona S (2014) Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny. Nat Rev Immunol 14(8):571–578. doi:10.​1038/​nri3712 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachem A, Guttler S, Hartung E, Ebstein F, Schaefer M, Tannert A, Salama A, Movassaghi K, Opitz C, Mages HW, Henn V, Kloetzel PM, Gurka S, Kroczek RA (2010) Superior antigen cross-presentation and XCR1 expression define human CD11c + CD141+ cells as homologues of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1273–1281. doi:10.1084/jem.20100348 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bachem A, Guttler S, Hartung E, Ebstein F, Schaefer M, Tannert A, Salama A, Movassaghi K, Opitz C, Mages HW, Henn V, Kloetzel PM, Gurka S, Kroczek RA (2010) Superior antigen cross-presentation and XCR1 expression define human CD11c + CD141+ cells as homologues of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1273–1281. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20100348 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Haniffa M, Shin A, Bigley V, McGovern N, Teo P, See P, Wasan PS, Wang XN, Malinarich F, Malleret B, Larbi A, Tan P, Zhao H, Poidinger M, Pagan S, Cookson S, Dickinson R, Dimmick I, Jarrett RF, Renia L, Tam J, Song C, Connolly J, Chan JK, Gehring A, Bertoletti A, Collin M, Ginhoux F (2012) Human tissues contain CD141hi cross-presenting dendritic cells with functional homology to mouse CD103+ nonlymphoid dendritic cells. Immunity 37(1):60–73. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.012 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Haniffa M, Shin A, Bigley V, McGovern N, Teo P, See P, Wasan PS, Wang XN, Malinarich F, Malleret B, Larbi A, Tan P, Zhao H, Poidinger M, Pagan S, Cookson S, Dickinson R, Dimmick I, Jarrett RF, Renia L, Tam J, Song C, Connolly J, Chan JK, Gehring A, Bertoletti A, Collin M, Ginhoux F (2012) Human tissues contain CD141hi cross-presenting dendritic cells with functional homology to mouse CD103+ nonlymphoid dendritic cells. Immunity 37(1):60–73. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2012.​04.​012 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jongbloed SL, Kassianos AJ, McDonald KJ, Clark GJ, Ju X, Angel CE, Chen CJ, Dunbar PR, Wadley RB, Jeet V, Vulink AJ, Hart DN, Radford KJ (2010) Human CD141+ (BDCA-3) + dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique myeloid DC subset that cross-presents necrotic cell antigens. J Exp Med 207(6):1247–1260. doi:10.1084/jem.20092140 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jongbloed SL, Kassianos AJ, McDonald KJ, Clark GJ, Ju X, Angel CE, Chen CJ, Dunbar PR, Wadley RB, Jeet V, Vulink AJ, Hart DN, Radford KJ (2010) Human CD141+ (BDCA-3) + dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique myeloid DC subset that cross-presents necrotic cell antigens. J Exp Med 207(6):1247–1260. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20092140 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu CI, Becker C, Wang Y, Marches F, Helft J, Leboeuf M, Anguiano E, Pourpe S, Goller K, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Merad M, Palucka K (2013) Human CD1c + dendritic cells drive the differentiation of CD103+ CD8+ mucosal effector T cells via the cytokine TGF-beta. Immunity 38(4):818–830. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.004 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yu CI, Becker C, Wang Y, Marches F, Helft J, Leboeuf M, Anguiano E, Pourpe S, Goller K, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Merad M, Palucka K (2013) Human CD1c + dendritic cells drive the differentiation of CD103+ CD8+ mucosal effector T cells via the cytokine TGF-beta. Immunity 38(4):818–830. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2013.​03.​004 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Crozat K, Guiton R, Contreras V, Feuillet V, Dutertre CA, Ventre E, Vu Manh TP, Baranek T, Storset AK, Marvel J, Boudinot P, Hosmalin A, Schwartz-Cornil I, Dalod M (2010) The XC chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse CD8alpha + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1283–1292. doi:10.1084/jem.20100223 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Crozat K, Guiton R, Contreras V, Feuillet V, Dutertre CA, Ventre E, Vu Manh TP, Baranek T, Storset AK, Marvel J, Boudinot P, Hosmalin A, Schwartz-Cornil I, Dalod M (2010) The XC chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse CD8alpha + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1283–1292. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20100223 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Poulin LF, Salio M, Griessinger E, Anjos-Afonso F, Craciun L, Chen JL, Keller AM, Joffre O, Zelenay S, Nye E, Le Moine A, Faure F, Donckier V, Sancho D, Cerundolo V, Bonnet D, Reis-e Sousa C (2010) Characterization of human DNGR-1+ BDCA3+ leukocytes as putative equivalents of mouse CD8alpha + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1261–1271. doi:10.1084/jem.20092618 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Poulin LF, Salio M, Griessinger E, Anjos-Afonso F, Craciun L, Chen JL, Keller AM, Joffre O, Zelenay S, Nye E, Le Moine A, Faure F, Donckier V, Sancho D, Cerundolo V, Bonnet D, Reis-e Sousa C (2010) Characterization of human DNGR-1+ BDCA3+ leukocytes as putative equivalents of mouse CD8alpha + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(6):1261–1271. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20092618 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat den Haan JM, Lehar SM, Bevan MJ (2000) CD8(+) but not CD8(−) dendritic cells cross-prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo. J Exp Med 192(12):1685–1696CrossRef den Haan JM, Lehar SM, Bevan MJ (2000) CD8(+) but not CD8(−) dendritic cells cross-prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo. J Exp Med 192(12):1685–1696CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Pooley JL, Heath WR, Shortman K (2001) Cutting edge: intravenous soluble antigen is presented to CD4 T cells by CD8- dendritic cells, but cross-presented to CD8 T cells by CD8+ dendritic cells. J Immunol 166(9):5327–5330PubMedCrossRef Pooley JL, Heath WR, Shortman K (2001) Cutting edge: intravenous soluble antigen is presented to CD4 T cells by CD8- dendritic cells, but cross-presented to CD8 T cells by CD8+ dendritic cells. J Immunol 166(9):5327–5330PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Iyoda T, Shimoyama S, Liu K, Omatsu Y, Akiyama Y, Maeda Y, Takahara K, Steinman RM, Inaba K (2002) The CD8+ dendritic cell subset selectively endocytoses dying cells in culture and in vivo. J Exp Med 195(10):1289–1302PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Iyoda T, Shimoyama S, Liu K, Omatsu Y, Akiyama Y, Maeda Y, Takahara K, Steinman RM, Inaba K (2002) The CD8+ dendritic cell subset selectively endocytoses dying cells in culture and in vivo. J Exp Med 195(10):1289–1302PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Schulz O, Reis e Sousa C (2002) Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by CD8alpha + dendritic cells is attributable to their ability to internalize dead cells. Immunology 107(2):183–189PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schulz O, Reis e Sousa C (2002) Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by CD8alpha + dendritic cells is attributable to their ability to internalize dead cells. Immunology 107(2):183–189PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hildner K, Edelson BT, Purtha WE, Diamond M, Matsushita H, Kohyama M, Calderon B, Schraml BU, Unanue ER, Diamond MS, Schreiber RD, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (2008) Batf3 deficiency reveals a critical role for CD8alpha + dendritic cells in cytotoxic T cell immunity. Science 322(5904):1097–1100. doi:10.1126/science.1164206 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hildner K, Edelson BT, Purtha WE, Diamond M, Matsushita H, Kohyama M, Calderon B, Schraml BU, Unanue ER, Diamond MS, Schreiber RD, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (2008) Batf3 deficiency reveals a critical role for CD8alpha + dendritic cells in cytotoxic T cell immunity. Science 322(5904):1097–1100. doi:10.​1126/​science.​1164206 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Belz GT, Smith CM, Eichner D, Shortman K, Karupiah G, Carbone FR, Heath WR (2004) Cutting edge: conventional CD8 alpha + dendritic cells are generally involved in priming CTL immunity to viruses. J Immunol 172(4):1996–2000PubMedCrossRef Belz GT, Smith CM, Eichner D, Shortman K, Karupiah G, Carbone FR, Heath WR (2004) Cutting edge: conventional CD8 alpha + dendritic cells are generally involved in priming CTL immunity to viruses. J Immunol 172(4):1996–2000PubMedCrossRef
52.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Hochrein H, Shortman K, Vremec D, Scott B, Hertzog P, O'Keeffe M (2001) Differential production of IL-12, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma by mouse dendritic cell subsets. J Immunol 166(9):5448–5455PubMedCrossRef Hochrein H, Shortman K, Vremec D, Scott B, Hertzog P, O'Keeffe M (2001) Differential production of IL-12, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma by mouse dendritic cell subsets. J Immunol 166(9):5448–5455PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Edelson BT, Kc W, Juang R, Kohyama M, Benoit LA, Klekotka PA, Moon C, Albring JC, Ise W, Michael DG, Bhattacharya D, Stappenbeck TS, Holtzman MJ, Sung SS, Murphy TL, Hildner K, Murphy KM (2010) Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8alpha + conventional dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(4):823–836. doi:10.1084/jem.20091627 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Edelson BT, Kc W, Juang R, Kohyama M, Benoit LA, Klekotka PA, Moon C, Albring JC, Ise W, Michael DG, Bhattacharya D, Stappenbeck TS, Holtzman MJ, Sung SS, Murphy TL, Hildner K, Murphy KM (2010) Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8alpha + conventional dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207(4):823–836. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20091627 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlitzer A, McGovern N, Teo P, Zelante T, Atarashi K, Low D, Ho AW, See P, Shin A, Wasan PS, Hoeffel G, Malleret B, Heiseke A, Chew S, Jardine L, Purvis HA, Hilkens CM, Tam J, Poidinger M, Stanley ER, Krug AB, Renia L, Sivasankar B, Ng LG, Collin M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Honda K, Haniffa M, Ginhoux F (2013) IRF4 transcription factor-dependent CD11b + dendritic cells in human and mouse control mucosal IL-17 cytokine responses. Immunity 38(5):970–983. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.011 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schlitzer A, McGovern N, Teo P, Zelante T, Atarashi K, Low D, Ho AW, See P, Shin A, Wasan PS, Hoeffel G, Malleret B, Heiseke A, Chew S, Jardine L, Purvis HA, Hilkens CM, Tam J, Poidinger M, Stanley ER, Krug AB, Renia L, Sivasankar B, Ng LG, Collin M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Honda K, Haniffa M, Ginhoux F (2013) IRF4 transcription factor-dependent CD11b + dendritic cells in human and mouse control mucosal IL-17 cytokine responses. Immunity 38(5):970–983. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2013.​04.​011 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudziak D, Kamphorst AO, Heidkamp GF, Buchholz VR, Trumpfheller C, Yamazaki S, Cheong C, Liu K, Lee HW, Park CG, Steinman RM, Nussenzweig MC (2007) Differential antigen processing by dendritic cell subsets in vivo. Science 315(5808):107–111. doi:10.1126/science.1136080 PubMedCrossRef Dudziak D, Kamphorst AO, Heidkamp GF, Buchholz VR, Trumpfheller C, Yamazaki S, Cheong C, Liu K, Lee HW, Park CG, Steinman RM, Nussenzweig MC (2007) Differential antigen processing by dendritic cell subsets in vivo. Science 315(5808):107–111. doi:10.​1126/​science.​1136080 PubMedCrossRef
58.
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamoutounour S, Henri S, Lelouard H, de Bovis B, de Haar C, van der Woude CJ, Woltman AM, Reyal Y, Bonnet D, Sichien D, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Reis e Sousa C, Poulin LF, Malissen B, Guilliams M (2012) CD64 distinguishes macrophages from dendritic cells in the gut and reveals the Th1-inducing role of mesenteric lymph node macrophages during colitis. Eur J Immunol 42(12):3150–3166. doi:10.1002/eji.201242847 PubMedCrossRef Tamoutounour S, Henri S, Lelouard H, de Bovis B, de Haar C, van der Woude CJ, Woltman AM, Reyal Y, Bonnet D, Sichien D, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Reis e Sousa C, Poulin LF, Malissen B, Guilliams M (2012) CD64 distinguishes macrophages from dendritic cells in the gut and reveals the Th1-inducing role of mesenteric lymph node macrophages during colitis. Eur J Immunol 42(12):3150–3166. doi:10.​1002/​eji.​201242847 PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Plantinga M, Guilliams M, Vanheerswynghels M, Deswarte K, Branco-Madeira F, Toussaint W, Vanhoutte L, Neyt K, Killeen N, Malissen B, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN (2013) Conventional and monocyte-derived CD11b (+) dendritic cells initiate and maintain T helper 2 cell-mediated immunity to house dust mite allergen. Immunity 38(2):322–335. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.016 PubMedCrossRef Plantinga M, Guilliams M, Vanheerswynghels M, Deswarte K, Branco-Madeira F, Toussaint W, Vanhoutte L, Neyt K, Killeen N, Malissen B, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN (2013) Conventional and monocyte-derived CD11b (+) dendritic cells initiate and maintain T helper 2 cell-mediated immunity to house dust mite allergen. Immunity 38(2):322–335. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2012.​10.​016 PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Idoyaga J, Fiorese C, Zbytnuik L, Lubkin A, Miller J, Malissen B, Mucida D, Merad M, Steinman RM Specialized role of migratory dendritic cells in peripheral tolerance induction. J Clin Invest 123(2):844–854. doi:10.1172/JCI65260 Idoyaga J, Fiorese C, Zbytnuik L, Lubkin A, Miller J, Malissen B, Mucida D, Merad M, Steinman RM Specialized role of migratory dendritic cells in peripheral tolerance induction. J Clin Invest 123(2):844–854. doi:10.​1172/​JCI65260
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamoutounour S, Guilliams M, Montanana Sanchis F, Liu H, Terhorst D, Malosse C, Pollet E, Ardouin L, Luche H, Sanchez C, Dalod M, Malissen B, Henri S (2013) Origins and functional specialization of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mouse skin. Immunity 39(5):925–938. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.004 PubMedCrossRef Tamoutounour S, Guilliams M, Montanana Sanchis F, Liu H, Terhorst D, Malosse C, Pollet E, Ardouin L, Luche H, Sanchez C, Dalod M, Malissen B, Henri S (2013) Origins and functional specialization of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mouse skin. Immunity 39(5):925–938. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2013.​10.​004 PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Chorro L, Sarde A, Li M, Woollard KJ, Chambon P, Malissen B, Kissenpfennig A, Barbaroux JB, Groves R, Geissmann F (2009) Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis, and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network. J Exp Med 206(13):3089–3100. doi:10.1084/jem.20091586 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chorro L, Sarde A, Li M, Woollard KJ, Chambon P, Malissen B, Kissenpfennig A, Barbaroux JB, Groves R, Geissmann F (2009) Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis, and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network. J Exp Med 206(13):3089–3100. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20091586 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeffel G, Wang Y, Greter M, See P, Teo P, Malleret B, Leboeuf M, Low D, Oller G, Almeida F, Choy SH, Grisotto M, Renia L, Conway SJ, Stanley ER, Chan JK, Ng LG, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F (2012) Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages. J Exp Med 209(6):1167–1181. doi:10.1084/jem.20120340 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hoeffel G, Wang Y, Greter M, See P, Teo P, Malleret B, Leboeuf M, Low D, Oller G, Almeida F, Choy SH, Grisotto M, Renia L, Conway SJ, Stanley ER, Chan JK, Ng LG, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F (2012) Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages. J Exp Med 209(6):1167–1181. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20120340 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Inaba K, Inaba M, Romani N, Aya H, Deguchi M, Ikehara S, Muramatsu S, Steinman RM (1992) Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 176(6):1693–1702PubMedCrossRef Inaba K, Inaba M, Romani N, Aya H, Deguchi M, Ikehara S, Muramatsu S, Steinman RM (1992) Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 176(6):1693–1702PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Lutz MB, Kukutsch N, Ogilvie AL, Rossner S, Koch F, Romani N, Schuler G (1999) An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J Immunol Methods 223(1):77–92PubMedCrossRef Lutz MB, Kukutsch N, Ogilvie AL, Rossner S, Koch F, Romani N, Schuler G (1999) An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J Immunol Methods 223(1):77–92PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Helft J, Bottcher J, Chakravarty P, Zelenay S, Huotari J, Schraml BU, Goubau D, Reis e Sousa C (2015) GM-CSF mouse bone marrow cultures comprise a heterogeneous population of CD11c (+) MHCII (+) macrophages and dendritic cells. Immunity 42(6):1197–1211. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.018 PubMedCrossRef Helft J, Bottcher J, Chakravarty P, Zelenay S, Huotari J, Schraml BU, Goubau D, Reis e Sousa C (2015) GM-CSF mouse bone marrow cultures comprise a heterogeneous population of CD11c (+) MHCII (+) macrophages and dendritic cells. Immunity 42(6):1197–1211. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2015.​05.​018 PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Naik SH, Metcalf D, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Wicks I, Wu L, O'Keeffe M, Shortman K (2006) Intrasplenic steady-state dendritic cell precursors that are distinct from monocytes. Nat Immunol 7(6):663–671. doi:10.1038/ni1340 PubMedCrossRef Naik SH, Metcalf D, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Wicks I, Wu L, O'Keeffe M, Shortman K (2006) Intrasplenic steady-state dendritic cell precursors that are distinct from monocytes. Nat Immunol 7(6):663–671. doi:10.​1038/​ni1340 PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer CT, Ghorbani P, Nandan A, Dudek M, Arnold-Schrauf C, Hesse C, Berod L, Stuve P, Puttur F, Merad M, Sparwasser T (2014) Selective and efficient generation of functional Batf3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. Blood 124(20):3081–3091. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-12-545772 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mayer CT, Ghorbani P, Nandan A, Dudek M, Arnold-Schrauf C, Hesse C, Berod L, Stuve P, Puttur F, Merad M, Sparwasser T (2014) Selective and efficient generation of functional Batf3-dependent CD103+ dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. Blood 124(20):3081–3091. doi:10.​1182/​blood-2013-12-545772 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Proietto AI, Mittag D, Roberts AW, Sprigg N, Wu L (2012) The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34 (+) stem cells in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin. Cellular & molecular immunology 9(6):446–454. doi:10.1038/cmi.2012.48 CrossRef Proietto AI, Mittag D, Roberts AW, Sprigg N, Wu L (2012) The equivalents of human blood and spleen dendritic cell subtypes can be generated in vitro from human CD34 (+) stem cells in the presence of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and thrombopoietin. Cellular & molecular immunology 9(6):446–454. doi:10.​1038/​cmi.​2012.​48 CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Everts B, Amiel E, Huang SC, Smith AM, Chang CH, Lam WY, Redmann V, Freitas TC, Blagih J, van der Windt GJ, Artyomov MN, Jones RG, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ (2014) TLR-driven early glycolytic reprogramming via the kinases TBK1-IKKvarepsilon supports the anabolic demands of dendritic cell activation. Nat Immunol 15(4):323–332. doi:10.1038/ni.2833 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Everts B, Amiel E, Huang SC, Smith AM, Chang CH, Lam WY, Redmann V, Freitas TC, Blagih J, van der Windt GJ, Artyomov MN, Jones RG, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ (2014) TLR-driven early glycolytic reprogramming via the kinases TBK1-IKKvarepsilon supports the anabolic demands of dendritic cell activation. Nat Immunol 15(4):323–332. doi:10.​1038/​ni.​2833 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Jantsch J, Chakravortty D, Turza N, Prechtel AT, Buchholz B, Gerlach RG, Volke M, Glasner J, Warnecke C, Wiesener MS, Eckardt KU, Steinkasserer A, Hensel M, Willam C (2008) Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced dendritic cell activation and function. J Immunol 180(7):4697–4705PubMedCrossRef Jantsch J, Chakravortty D, Turza N, Prechtel AT, Buchholz B, Gerlach RG, Volke M, Glasner J, Warnecke C, Wiesener MS, Eckardt KU, Steinkasserer A, Hensel M, Willam C (2008) Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced dendritic cell activation and function. J Immunol 180(7):4697–4705PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu D, Sanin DE, Everts B, Chen Q, Qiu J, Buck MD, Patterson A, Smith AM, Chang CH, Liu Z, Artyomov MN, Pearce EL, Cella M, Pearce EJ (2016) Type 1 interferons induce changes in Core metabolism that are critical for immune function. Immunity 44(6):1325–1336. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.006 PubMedCrossRef Wu D, Sanin DE, Everts B, Chen Q, Qiu J, Buck MD, Patterson A, Smith AM, Chang CH, Liu Z, Artyomov MN, Pearce EL, Cella M, Pearce EJ (2016) Type 1 interferons induce changes in Core metabolism that are critical for immune function. Immunity 44(6):1325–1336. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2016.​06.​006 PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubic T, Lametschwandtner G, Jost S, Hinteregger S, Kund J, Carballido-Perrig N, Schwarzler C, Junt T, Voshol H, Meingassner JG, Mao X, Werner G, Rot A, Carballido JM (2008) Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity. Nat Immunol 9(11):1261–1269. doi:10.1038/ni.1657 PubMedCrossRef Rubic T, Lametschwandtner G, Jost S, Hinteregger S, Kund J, Carballido-Perrig N, Schwarzler C, Junt T, Voshol H, Meingassner JG, Mao X, Werner G, Rot A, Carballido JM (2008) Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity. Nat Immunol 9(11):1261–1269. doi:10.​1038/​ni.​1657 PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF, Park D, Woodson RI, Ostankovich M, Sharma P, Lysiak JJ, Harden TK, Leitinger N, Ravichandran KS (2009) Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature 461(7261):282–286. doi:10.1038/nature08296 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF, Park D, Woodson RI, Ostankovich M, Sharma P, Lysiak JJ, Harden TK, Leitinger N, Ravichandran KS (2009) Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature 461(7261):282–286. doi:10.​1038/​nature08296 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Homolya L, Steinberg TH, Boucher RC (2000) Cell to cell communication in response to mechanical stress via bilateral release of ATP and UTP in polarized epithelia. J Cell Biol 150(6):1349–1360PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Homolya L, Steinberg TH, Boucher RC (2000) Cell to cell communication in response to mechanical stress via bilateral release of ATP and UTP in polarized epithelia. J Cell Biol 150(6):1349–1360PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Fredholm BB, Irenius E, Kull B, Schulte G (2001) Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem Pharmacol 61(4):443–448PubMedCrossRef Fredholm BB, Irenius E, Kull B, Schulte G (2001) Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem Pharmacol 61(4):443–448PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabrita MA, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE (2002) Molecular biology and regulation of nucleoside and nucleobase transporter proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 80(5):623–638PubMedCrossRef Cabrita MA, Baldwin SA, Young JD, Cass CE (2002) Molecular biology and regulation of nucleoside and nucleobase transporter proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 80(5):623–638PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Pastor-Anglada M, Casado FJ, Valdes R, Mata J, Garcia-Manteiga J, Molina M (2001) Complex regulation of nucleoside transporter expression in epithelial and immune system cells. Mol Membr Biol 18(1):81–85PubMedCrossRef Pastor-Anglada M, Casado FJ, Valdes R, Mata J, Garcia-Manteiga J, Molina M (2001) Complex regulation of nucleoside transporter expression in epithelial and immune system cells. Mol Membr Biol 18(1):81–85PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Burnstock G, Kennedy C (1985) Is there a basis for distinguishing two types of P2-purinoceptor? Gen Pharmacol 16(5):433–440PubMedCrossRef Burnstock G, Kennedy C (1985) Is there a basis for distinguishing two types of P2-purinoceptor? Gen Pharmacol 16(5):433–440PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Panther E, Idzko M, Herouy Y, Rheinen H, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Mrowietz U, Dichmann S, Norgauer J (2001) Expression and function of adenosine receptors in human dendritic cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 15(11):1963–1970. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0169com CrossRef Panther E, Idzko M, Herouy Y, Rheinen H, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Mrowietz U, Dichmann S, Norgauer J (2001) Expression and function of adenosine receptors in human dendritic cells. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 15(11):1963–1970. doi:10.​1096/​fj.​01-0169com CrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Panther E, Corinti S, Idzko M, Herouy Y, Napp M, la Sala A, Girolomoni G, Norgauer J (2003) Adenosine affects expression of membrane molecules, cytokine and chemokine release, and the T-cell stimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells. Blood 101(10):3985–3990. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2113 PubMedCrossRef Panther E, Corinti S, Idzko M, Herouy Y, Napp M, la Sala A, Girolomoni G, Norgauer J (2003) Adenosine affects expression of membrane molecules, cytokine and chemokine release, and the T-cell stimulatory capacity of human dendritic cells. Blood 101(10):3985–3990. doi:10.​1182/​blood-2002-07-2113 PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Challier J, Bruniquel D, Sewell AK, Laugel B (2013) Adenosine and cAMP signalling skew human dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic phenotype with defective CD8 (+) T-cell priming capacity. Immunology 138(4):402–410. doi:10.1111/imm.12053 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Challier J, Bruniquel D, Sewell AK, Laugel B (2013) Adenosine and cAMP signalling skew human dendritic cell differentiation towards a tolerogenic phenotype with defective CD8 (+) T-cell priming capacity. Immunology 138(4):402–410. doi:10.​1111/​imm.​12053 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben Addi A, Lefort A, Hua X, Libert F, Communi D, Ledent C, Macours P, Tilley SL, Boeynaems JM, Robaye B (2008) Modulation of murine dendritic cell function by adenine nucleotides and adenosine: involvement of the a(2B) receptor. Eur J Immunol 38(6):1610–1620. doi:10.1002/eji.200737781 PubMedCrossRef Ben Addi A, Lefort A, Hua X, Libert F, Communi D, Ledent C, Macours P, Tilley SL, Boeynaems JM, Robaye B (2008) Modulation of murine dendritic cell function by adenine nucleotides and adenosine: involvement of the a(2B) receptor. Eur J Immunol 38(6):1610–1620. doi:10.​1002/​eji.​200737781 PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Ring S, Pushkarevskaya A, Schild H, Probst HC, Jendrossek V, Wirsdorfer F, Ledent C, Robson SC, Enk AH, Mahnke K (2015) Regulatory T cell-derived adenosine induces dendritic cell migration through the Epac-Rap1 pathway. J Immunol 194(8):3735–3744. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1401434 PubMedCrossRef Ring S, Pushkarevskaya A, Schild H, Probst HC, Jendrossek V, Wirsdorfer F, Ledent C, Robson SC, Enk AH, Mahnke K (2015) Regulatory T cell-derived adenosine induces dendritic cell migration through the Epac-Rap1 pathway. J Immunol 194(8):3735–3744. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1401434 PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Molle C, Goldman M, Goriely S (2010) Critical role of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 complex in TLR-mediated IL-27p28 gene expression revealing a two-step activation process. J Immunol 184(4):1784–1792. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902005 PubMedCrossRef Molle C, Goldman M, Goriely S (2010) Critical role of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 complex in TLR-mediated IL-27p28 gene expression revealing a two-step activation process. J Immunol 184(4):1784–1792. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0902005 PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Awasthi A, Carrier Y, Peron JP, Bettelli E, Kamanaka M, Flavell RA, Kuchroo VK, Oukka M, Weiner HL (2007) A dominant function for interleukin 27 in generating interleukin 10-producing anti-inflammatory T cells. Nat Immunol 8(12):1380–1389. doi:10.1038/ni1541 PubMedCrossRef Awasthi A, Carrier Y, Peron JP, Bettelli E, Kamanaka M, Flavell RA, Kuchroo VK, Oukka M, Weiner HL (2007) A dominant function for interleukin 27 in generating interleukin 10-producing anti-inflammatory T cells. Nat Immunol 8(12):1380–1389. doi:10.​1038/​ni1541 PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Batten M, Li J, Yi S, Kljavin NM, Danilenko DM, Lucas S, Lee J, de Sauvage FJ, Ghilardi N (2006) Interleukin 27 limits autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing the development of interleukin 17-producing T cells. Nat Immunol 7(9):929–936. doi:10.1038/ni1375 PubMedCrossRef Batten M, Li J, Yi S, Kljavin NM, Danilenko DM, Lucas S, Lee J, de Sauvage FJ, Ghilardi N (2006) Interleukin 27 limits autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing the development of interleukin 17-producing T cells. Nat Immunol 7(9):929–936. doi:10.​1038/​ni1375 PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzgerald DC, Zhang GX, El-Behi M, Fonseca-Kelly Z, Li H, Yu S, Saris CJ, Gran B, Ciric B, Rostami A (2007) Suppression of autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system by interleukin 10 secreted by interleukin 27-stimulated T cells. Nat Immunol 8(12):1372–1379. doi:10.1038/ni1540 PubMedCrossRef Fitzgerald DC, Zhang GX, El-Behi M, Fonseca-Kelly Z, Li H, Yu S, Saris CJ, Gran B, Ciric B, Rostami A (2007) Suppression of autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system by interleukin 10 secreted by interleukin 27-stimulated T cells. Nat Immunol 8(12):1372–1379. doi:10.​1038/​ni1540 PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Stumhofer JS, Laurence A, Wilson EH, Huang E, Tato CM, Johnson LM, Villarino AV, Huang Q, Yoshimura A, Sehy D, Saris CJ, O'Shea JJ, Hennighausen L, Ernst M, Hunter CA (2006) Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 7(9):937–945. doi:10.1038/ni1376 PubMedCrossRef Stumhofer JS, Laurence A, Wilson EH, Huang E, Tato CM, Johnson LM, Villarino AV, Huang Q, Yoshimura A, Sehy D, Saris CJ, O'Shea JJ, Hennighausen L, Ernst M, Hunter CA (2006) Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 7(9):937–945. doi:10.​1038/​ni1376 PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang S, Miyazaki Y, Shinozaki Y, Yoshida H (2007) Augmentation of antigen-presenting and Th1-promoting functions of dendritic cells by WSX-1 (IL-27R) deficiency. J Immunol 179(10):6421–6428PubMedCrossRef Wang S, Miyazaki Y, Shinozaki Y, Yoshida H (2007) Augmentation of antigen-presenting and Th1-promoting functions of dendritic cells by WSX-1 (IL-27R) deficiency. J Immunol 179(10):6421–6428PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Mascanfroni ID, Yeste A, Vieira SM, Burns EJ, Patel B, Sloma I, Wu Y, Mayo L, Ben-Hamo R, Efroni S, Kuchroo VK, Robson SC, Quintana FJ (2013) IL-27 acts on DCs to suppress the T cell response and autoimmunity by inducing expression of the immunoregulatory molecule CD39. Nat Immunol 14(10):1054–1063. doi:10.1038/ni.2695 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mascanfroni ID, Yeste A, Vieira SM, Burns EJ, Patel B, Sloma I, Wu Y, Mayo L, Ben-Hamo R, Efroni S, Kuchroo VK, Robson SC, Quintana FJ (2013) IL-27 acts on DCs to suppress the T cell response and autoimmunity by inducing expression of the immunoregulatory molecule CD39. Nat Immunol 14(10):1054–1063. doi:10.​1038/​ni.​2695 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghaemi Oskouie F, Shameli A, Yang A, Desrosiers MD, Mucsi AD, Blackburn MR, Yang Y, Santamaria P, Shi Y (2011) High levels of adenosine deaminase on dendritic cells promote autoreactive T cell activation and diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 186(12):6798–6806. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1004222 PubMedCrossRef Ghaemi Oskouie F, Shameli A, Yang A, Desrosiers MD, Mucsi AD, Blackburn MR, Yang Y, Santamaria P, Shi Y (2011) High levels of adenosine deaminase on dendritic cells promote autoreactive T cell activation and diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 186(12):6798–6806. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1004222 PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Pacheco R, Martinez-Navio JM, Lejeune M, Climent N, Oliva H, Gatell JM, Gallart T, Mallol J, Lluis C, Franco R (2005) CD26, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine receptors mediate costimulatory signals in the immunological synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(27):9583–9588. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501050102 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pacheco R, Martinez-Navio JM, Lejeune M, Climent N, Oliva H, Gatell JM, Gallart T, Mallol J, Lluis C, Franco R (2005) CD26, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine receptors mediate costimulatory signals in the immunological synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(27):9583–9588. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​0501050102 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Desrosiers MD, Cembrola KM, Fakir MJ, Stephens LA, Jama FM, Shameli A, Mehal WZ, Santamaria P, Shi Y (2007) Adenosine deamination sustains dendritic cell activation in inflammation. J Immunol 179(3):1884–1892PubMedCrossRef Desrosiers MD, Cembrola KM, Fakir MJ, Stephens LA, Jama FM, Shameli A, Mehal WZ, Santamaria P, Shi Y (2007) Adenosine deamination sustains dendritic cell activation in inflammation. J Immunol 179(3):1884–1892PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Casanova V, Naval-Macabuhay I, Massanella M, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Blanco J, Gatell JM, Garcia F, Gallart T, Lluis C, Mallol J, Franco R, Climent N, McCormick PJ (2012) Adenosine deaminase enhances the immunogenicity of human dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 7(12):e51287. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051287 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Casanova V, Naval-Macabuhay I, Massanella M, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Blanco J, Gatell JM, Garcia F, Gallart T, Lluis C, Mallol J, Franco R, Climent N, McCormick PJ (2012) Adenosine deaminase enhances the immunogenicity of human dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 7(12):e51287. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0051287 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman DJ, Kunzli BM, YI, AR, Sevigny J, Berberat PO, Enjyoji K, Csizmadia E, Friess H, Robson SC (2009) From the Cover: CD39 deletion exacerbates experimental murine colitis and human polymorphisms increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 (39):16788–16793. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902869106 Friedman DJ, Kunzli BM, YI, AR, Sevigny J, Berberat PO, Enjyoji K, Csizmadia E, Friess H, Robson SC (2009) From the Cover: CD39 deletion exacerbates experimental murine colitis and human polymorphisms increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106 (39):16788–16793. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​0902869106
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Blay J, White TD, Hoskin DW (1997) The extracellular fluid of solid carcinomas contains immunosuppressive concentrations of adenosine. Cancer Res 57(13):2602–2605PubMed Blay J, White TD, Hoskin DW (1997) The extracellular fluid of solid carcinomas contains immunosuppressive concentrations of adenosine. Cancer Res 57(13):2602–2605PubMed
119.
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Abraham EH, Prat AG, Gerweck L, Seneveratne T, Arceci RJ, Kramer R, Guidotti G, Cantiello HF (1993) The multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene product functions as an ATP channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(1):312–316PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Abraham EH, Prat AG, Gerweck L, Seneveratne T, Arceci RJ, Kramer R, Guidotti G, Cantiello HF (1993) The multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene product functions as an ATP channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(1):312–316PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Chekeni FB, Elliott MR, Sandilos JK, Walk SF, Kinchen JM, Lazarowski ER, Armstrong AJ, Penuela S, Laird DW, Salvesen GS, Isakson BE, Bayliss DA, Ravichandran KS (2010) Pannexin 1 channels mediate 'find-me' signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis. Nature 467(7317):863–867. doi:10.1038/nature09413 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chekeni FB, Elliott MR, Sandilos JK, Walk SF, Kinchen JM, Lazarowski ER, Armstrong AJ, Penuela S, Laird DW, Salvesen GS, Isakson BE, Bayliss DA, Ravichandran KS (2010) Pannexin 1 channels mediate 'find-me' signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis. Nature 467(7317):863–867. doi:10.​1038/​nature09413 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwiebert EM, Egan ME, Hwang TH, Fulmer SB, Allen SS, Cutting GR, Guggino WB (1995) CFTR regulates outwardly rectifying chloride channels through an autocrine mechanism involving ATP. Cell 81(7):1063–1073PubMedCrossRef Schwiebert EM, Egan ME, Hwang TH, Fulmer SB, Allen SS, Cutting GR, Guggino WB (1995) CFTR regulates outwardly rectifying chloride channels through an autocrine mechanism involving ATP. Cell 81(7):1063–1073PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Idzko M, Dichmann S, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, la Sala A, Girolomoni G, Panther E, Norgauer J (2002) Nucleotides induce chemotaxis and actin polymerization in immature but not mature human dendritic cells via activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive P2y receptors. Blood 100(3):925–932PubMedCrossRef Idzko M, Dichmann S, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, la Sala A, Girolomoni G, Panther E, Norgauer J (2002) Nucleotides induce chemotaxis and actin polymerization in immature but not mature human dendritic cells via activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive P2y receptors. Blood 100(3):925–932PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu QH, Bohlen H, Titzer S, Christensen O, Diehl V, Hescheler J, Fleischmann BK (1999) Expression and a role of functionally coupled P2Y receptors in human dendritic cells. FEBS Lett 445(2–3):402–408PubMedCrossRef Liu QH, Bohlen H, Titzer S, Christensen O, Diehl V, Hescheler J, Fleischmann BK (1999) Expression and a role of functionally coupled P2Y receptors in human dendritic cells. FEBS Lett 445(2–3):402–408PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Coutinho-Silva R, Persechini PM, Bisaggio RD, Perfettini JL, Neto AC, Kanellopoulos JM, Motta-Ly I, Dautry-Varsat A, Ojcius DM (1999) P2Z/P2X7 receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells. Am J Phys 276(5 Pt 1):C1139–C1147 Coutinho-Silva R, Persechini PM, Bisaggio RD, Perfettini JL, Neto AC, Kanellopoulos JM, Motta-Ly I, Dautry-Varsat A, Ojcius DM (1999) P2Z/P2X7 receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells. Am J Phys 276(5 Pt 1):C1139–C1147
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrari D, La Sala A, Chiozzi P, Morelli A, Falzoni S, Girolomoni G, Idzko M, Dichmann S, Norgauer J, Di Virgilio F (2000) The P2 purinergic receptors of human dendritic cells: identification and coupling to cytokine release. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 14(15):2466–2476. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0031com CrossRef Ferrari D, La Sala A, Chiozzi P, Morelli A, Falzoni S, Girolomoni G, Idzko M, Dichmann S, Norgauer J, Di Virgilio F (2000) The P2 purinergic receptors of human dendritic cells: identification and coupling to cytokine release. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 14(15):2466–2476. doi:10.​1096/​fj.​00-0031com CrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Nihei OK, de Carvalho AC, Savino W, Alves LA (2000) Pharmacologic properties of P (2Z)/P2X (7 )receptor characterized in murine dendritic cells: role on the induction of apoptosis. Blood 96(3):996–1005PubMed Nihei OK, de Carvalho AC, Savino W, Alves LA (2000) Pharmacologic properties of P (2Z)/P2X (7 )receptor characterized in murine dendritic cells: role on the induction of apoptosis. Blood 96(3):996–1005PubMed
130.
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Perregaux D, Gabel CA (1994) Interleukin-1 beta maturation and release in response to ATP and nigericin. Evidence that potassium depletion mediated by these agents is a necessary and common feature of their activity. J Biol Chem 269(21):15195–15203PubMed Perregaux D, Gabel CA (1994) Interleukin-1 beta maturation and release in response to ATP and nigericin. Evidence that potassium depletion mediated by these agents is a necessary and common feature of their activity. J Biol Chem 269(21):15195–15203PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Newton K, McBride J, O'Rourke K, Roose-Girma M, Lee WP, Weinrauch Y, Monack DM, Dixit VM (2006) Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature 440(7081):228–232. doi:10.1038/nature04515 PubMedCrossRef Mariathasan S, Weiss DS, Newton K, McBride J, O'Rourke K, Roose-Girma M, Lee WP, Weinrauch Y, Monack DM, Dixit VM (2006) Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP. Nature 440(7081):228–232. doi:10.​1038/​nature04515 PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg S, Di Virgilio F, Steinberg TH, Silverstein SC (1988) Extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes in J774 macrophages by two distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 263(21):10337–10343PubMed Greenberg S, Di Virgilio F, Steinberg TH, Silverstein SC (1988) Extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes in J774 macrophages by two distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 263(21):10337–10343PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, Aymeric L, Ma Y, Ortiz C, Vermaelen K, Panaretakis T, Mignot G, Ullrich E, Perfettini JL, Schlemmer F, Tasdemir E, Uhl M, Genin P, Civas A, Ryffel B, Kanellopoulos J, Tschopp J, Andre F, Lidereau R, McLaughlin NM, Haynes NM, Smyth MJ, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L (2009) Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med 15(10):1170–1178. doi:10.1038/nm.2028 PubMedCrossRef Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, Aymeric L, Ma Y, Ortiz C, Vermaelen K, Panaretakis T, Mignot G, Ullrich E, Perfettini JL, Schlemmer F, Tasdemir E, Uhl M, Genin P, Civas A, Ryffel B, Kanellopoulos J, Tschopp J, Andre F, Lidereau R, McLaughlin NM, Haynes NM, Smyth MJ, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L (2009) Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med 15(10):1170–1178. doi:10.​1038/​nm.​2028 PubMedCrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat la Sala A, Ferrari D, Corinti S, Cavani A, Di Virgilio F, Girolomoni G (2001) Extracellular ATP induces a distorted maturation of dendritic cells and inhibits their capacity to initiate Th1 responses. J Immunol 166(3):1611–1617PubMedCrossRef la Sala A, Ferrari D, Corinti S, Cavani A, Di Virgilio F, Girolomoni G (2001) Extracellular ATP induces a distorted maturation of dendritic cells and inhibits their capacity to initiate Th1 responses. J Immunol 166(3):1611–1617PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivanova EP, Alexeeva YV, Pham DK, Wright JP, Nicolau DV (2006) ATP level variations in heterotrophic bacteria during attachment on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology 9(1):37–46 Ivanova EP, Alexeeva YV, Pham DK, Wright JP, Nicolau DV (2006) ATP level variations in heterotrophic bacteria during attachment on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology 9(1):37–46
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Atarashi K, Nishimura J, Shima T, Umesaki Y, Yamamoto M, Onoue M, Yagita H, Ishii N, Evans R, Honda K, Takeda K (2008) ATP drives lamina propria T (H) 17 cell differentiation. Nature 455(7214):808–812. doi:10.1038/nature07240 PubMedCrossRef Atarashi K, Nishimura J, Shima T, Umesaki Y, Yamamoto M, Onoue M, Yagita H, Ishii N, Evans R, Honda K, Takeda K (2008) ATP drives lamina propria T (H) 17 cell differentiation. Nature 455(7214):808–812. doi:10.​1038/​nature07240 PubMedCrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Neves AR, Castelo-Branco MT, Figliuolo VR, Bernardazzi C, Buongusto F, Yoshimoto A, Nanini HF, Coutinho CM, Carneiro AJ, Coutinho-Silva R, de Souza HS (2014) Overexpression of ATP-activated P2X7 receptors in the intestinal mucosa is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 20(3):444–457. doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000441201.10454.06 PubMedCrossRef Neves AR, Castelo-Branco MT, Figliuolo VR, Bernardazzi C, Buongusto F, Yoshimoto A, Nanini HF, Coutinho CM, Carneiro AJ, Coutinho-Silva R, de Souza HS (2014) Overexpression of ATP-activated P2X7 receptors in the intestinal mucosa is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 20(3):444–457. doi:10.​1097/​01.​MIB.​0000441201.​10454.​06 PubMedCrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings JH (1984) Colonic absorption: the importance of short chain fatty acids in man. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 93:89–99PubMed Cummings JH (1984) Colonic absorption: the importance of short chain fatty acids in man. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 93:89–99PubMed
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings JH, Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Naylor CP, Macfarlane GT (1987) Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28(10):1221–1227PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cummings JH, Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Naylor CP, Macfarlane GT (1987) Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28(10):1221–1227PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT (1991) The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. The Journal of applied bacteriology 70(6):443–459PubMedCrossRef Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT (1991) The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. The Journal of applied bacteriology 70(6):443–459PubMedCrossRef
147.
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Frankel WL, Zhang W, Singh A, Klurfeld DM, Don S, Sakata T, Modlin I, Rombeau JL (1994) Mediation of the trophic effects of short-chain fatty acids on the rat jejunum and colon. Gastroenterology 106(2):375–380PubMedCrossRef Frankel WL, Zhang W, Singh A, Klurfeld DM, Don S, Sakata T, Modlin I, Rombeau JL (1994) Mediation of the trophic effects of short-chain fatty acids on the rat jejunum and colon. Gastroenterology 106(2):375–380PubMedCrossRef
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolever TM, Brighenti F, Royall D, Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJ (1989) Effect of rectal infusion of short chain fatty acids in human subjects. Am J Gastroenterol 84(9):1027–1033PubMed Wolever TM, Brighenti F, Royall D, Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJ (1989) Effect of rectal infusion of short chain fatty acids in human subjects. Am J Gastroenterol 84(9):1027–1033PubMed
151.
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Davie JR (2003) Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate. J Nutr 133(7 Suppl):2485S–2493SPubMed Davie JR (2003) Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate. J Nutr 133(7 Suppl):2485S–2493SPubMed
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown AJ, Goldsworthy SM, Barnes AA, Eilert MM, Tcheang L, Daniels D, Muir AI, Wigglesworth MJ, Kinghorn I, Fraser NJ, Pike NB, Strum JC, Steplewski KM, Murdock PR, Holder JC, Marshall FH, Szekeres PG, Wilson S, Ignar DM, Foord SM, Wise A, Dowell SJ (2003) The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 278(13):11312–11319. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211609200 PubMedCrossRef Brown AJ, Goldsworthy SM, Barnes AA, Eilert MM, Tcheang L, Daniels D, Muir AI, Wigglesworth MJ, Kinghorn I, Fraser NJ, Pike NB, Strum JC, Steplewski KM, Murdock PR, Holder JC, Marshall FH, Szekeres PG, Wilson S, Ignar DM, Foord SM, Wise A, Dowell SJ (2003) The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 278(13):11312–11319. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M211609200 PubMedCrossRef
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Thangaraju M, Cresci GA, Liu K, Ananth S, Gnanaprakasam JP, Browning DD, Mellinger JD, Smith SB, Digby GJ, Lambert NA, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V (2009) GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon. Cancer Res 69(7):2826–2832. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4466 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Thangaraju M, Cresci GA, Liu K, Ananth S, Gnanaprakasam JP, Browning DD, Mellinger JD, Smith SB, Digby GJ, Lambert NA, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V (2009) GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon. Cancer Res 69(7):2826–2832. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​CAN-08-4466 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Le Poul E, Loison C, Struyf S, Springael JY, Lannoy V, Decobecq ME, Brezillon S, Dupriez V, Vassart G, Van Damme J, Parmentier M, Detheux M (2003) Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation. J Biol Chem 278(28):25481–25489. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301403200 PubMedCrossRef Le Poul E, Loison C, Struyf S, Springael JY, Lannoy V, Decobecq ME, Brezillon S, Dupriez V, Vassart G, Van Damme J, Parmentier M, Detheux M (2003) Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation. J Biol Chem 278(28):25481–25489. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M301403200 PubMedCrossRef
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Nilsson NE, Kotarsky K, Owman C, Olde B (2003) Identification of a free fatty acid receptor, FFA2R, expressed on leukocytes and activated by short-chain fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303(4):1047–1052PubMedCrossRef Nilsson NE, Kotarsky K, Owman C, Olde B (2003) Identification of a free fatty acid receptor, FFA2R, expressed on leukocytes and activated by short-chain fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303(4):1047–1052PubMedCrossRef
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Treem WR, Ahsan N, Shoup M, Hyams JS (1994) Fecal short-chain fatty acids in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 18(2):159–164PubMedCrossRef Treem WR, Ahsan N, Shoup M, Hyams JS (1994) Fecal short-chain fatty acids in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 18(2):159–164PubMedCrossRef
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, Kranich J, Sierro F, Yu D, Schilter HC, Rolph MS, Mackay F, Artis D, Xavier RJ, Teixeira MM, Mackay CR (2009) Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature 461(7268):1282–U1119. doi:10.1038/nature08530 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A, Kranich J, Sierro F, Yu D, Schilter HC, Rolph MS, Mackay F, Artis D, Xavier RJ, Teixeira MM, Mackay CR (2009) Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature 461(7268):1282–U1119. doi:10.​1038/​nature08530 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Sina C, Gavrilova O, Forster M, Till A, Derer S, Hildebrand F, Raabe B, Chalaris A, Scheller J, Rehmann A, Franke A, Ott S, Hasler R, Nikolaus S, Folsch UR, Rose-John S, Jiang HP, Li J, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P (2009) G protein-coupled receptor 43 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during intestinal inflammation. J Immunol 183(11):7514–7522. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900063 PubMedCrossRef Sina C, Gavrilova O, Forster M, Till A, Derer S, Hildebrand F, Raabe B, Chalaris A, Scheller J, Rehmann A, Franke A, Ott S, Hasler R, Nikolaus S, Folsch UR, Rose-John S, Jiang HP, Li J, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P (2009) G protein-coupled receptor 43 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during intestinal inflammation. J Immunol 183(11):7514–7522. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0900063 PubMedCrossRef
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinolo MA, Hatanaka E, Lambertucci RH, Newsholme P, Curi R (2009) Effects of short chain fatty acids on effector mechanisms of neutrophils. Cell Biochem Funct 27(1):48–55. doi:10.1002/cbf.1533 PubMedCrossRef Vinolo MA, Hatanaka E, Lambertucci RH, Newsholme P, Curi R (2009) Effects of short chain fatty acids on effector mechanisms of neutrophils. Cell Biochem Funct 27(1):48–55. doi:10.​1002/​cbf.​1533 PubMedCrossRef
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Hatanaka E, Hebeda CB, Farsky SH, Curi R (2009) Short-chain fatty acids stimulate the migration of neutrophils to inflammatory sites. Clin Sci 117(9):331–338. doi:10.1042/CS20080642 PubMedCrossRef Vinolo MA, Rodrigues HG, Hatanaka E, Hebeda CB, Farsky SH, Curi R (2009) Short-chain fatty acids stimulate the migration of neutrophils to inflammatory sites. Clin Sci 117(9):331–338. doi:10.​1042/​CS20080642 PubMedCrossRef
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Chassaing B, Aitken JD, Malleshappa M, Vijay-Kumar M (2014) Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. Curr Protoc Immunol 104:Unit 15 25. doi:10.1002/0471142735.im1525s104 Chassaing B, Aitken JD, Malleshappa M, Vijay-Kumar M (2014) Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. Curr Protoc Immunol 104:Unit 15 25. doi:10.1002/0471142735.im1525s104
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Nastasi C, Candela M, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Hansen M, Krejsgaard T, Biagi E, Andersen MH, Brigidi P, Odum N, Litman T, Woetmann A (2015) The effect of short-chain fatty acids on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Sci Rep 5:16148. doi:10.1038/srep16148 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nastasi C, Candela M, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Hansen M, Krejsgaard T, Biagi E, Andersen MH, Brigidi P, Odum N, Litman T, Woetmann A (2015) The effect of short-chain fatty acids on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Sci Rep 5:16148. doi:10.​1038/​srep16148 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Iraporda C, Errea A, Romanin DE, Cayet D, Pereyra E, Pignataro O, Sirard JC, Garrote GL, Abraham AG, Rumbo M (2015) Lactate and short chain fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation downregulate proinflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells and myeloid cells. Immunobiology 220(10):1161–1169. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.004 PubMedCrossRef Iraporda C, Errea A, Romanin DE, Cayet D, Pereyra E, Pignataro O, Sirard JC, Garrote GL, Abraham AG, Rumbo M (2015) Lactate and short chain fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation downregulate proinflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells and myeloid cells. Immunobiology 220(10):1161–1169. doi:10.​1016/​j.​imbio.​2015.​06.​004 PubMedCrossRef
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrade-Oliveira V, Amano MT, Correa-Costa M, Castoldi A, Felizardo RJ, de Almeida DC, Bassi EJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Hiyane MI, Rodas AC, Peron JP, Aguiar CF, Reis MA, Ribeiro WR, Valduga CJ, Curi R, Vinolo MA, Ferreira CM, Camara NO (2015) Gut bacteria products prevent AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 26(8):1877–1888. doi:10.1681/ASN.2014030288 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Andrade-Oliveira V, Amano MT, Correa-Costa M, Castoldi A, Felizardo RJ, de Almeida DC, Bassi EJ, Moraes-Vieira PM, Hiyane MI, Rodas AC, Peron JP, Aguiar CF, Reis MA, Ribeiro WR, Valduga CJ, Curi R, Vinolo MA, Ferreira CM, Camara NO (2015) Gut bacteria products prevent AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 26(8):1877–1888. doi:10.​1681/​ASN.​2014030288 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, Dikiy S, van der Veeken J, deRoos P, Liu H, Cross JR, Pfeffer K, Coffer PJ, Rudensky AY (2013) Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature 504(7480):451–455. doi:10.1038/nature12726 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, Dikiy S, van der Veeken J, deRoos P, Liu H, Cross JR, Pfeffer K, Coffer PJ, Rudensky AY (2013) Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature 504(7480):451–455. doi:10.​1038/​nature12726 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh N, Gurav A, Sivaprakasam S, Brady E, Padia R, Shi H, Thangaraju M, Prasad PD, Manicassamy S, Munn DH, Lee JR, Offermanns S, Ganapathy V (2014) Activation of Gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Immunity 40(1):128–139. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.12.007 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Singh N, Gurav A, Sivaprakasam S, Brady E, Padia R, Shi H, Thangaraju M, Prasad PD, Manicassamy S, Munn DH, Lee JR, Offermanns S, Ganapathy V (2014) Activation of Gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Immunity 40(1):128–139. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2013.​12.​007 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, Nakanishi Y, Uetake C, Kato K, Kato T, Takahashi M, Fukuda NN, Murakami S, Miyauchi E, Hino S, Atarashi K, Onawa S, Fujimura Y, Lockett T, Clarke JM, Topping DL, Tomita M, Hori S, Ohara O, Morita T, Koseki H, Kikuchi J, Honda K, Hase K, Ohno H (2013) Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature 504(7480):446–450. doi:10.1038/nature12721 PubMedCrossRef Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, Nakanishi Y, Uetake C, Kato K, Kato T, Takahashi M, Fukuda NN, Murakami S, Miyauchi E, Hino S, Atarashi K, Onawa S, Fujimura Y, Lockett T, Clarke JM, Topping DL, Tomita M, Hori S, Ohara O, Morita T, Koseki H, Kikuchi J, Honda K, Hase K, Ohno H (2013) Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature 504(7480):446–450. doi:10.​1038/​nature12721 PubMedCrossRef
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N, Michaud M, Gallini CA, Bohlooly YM, Glickman JN, Garrett WS (2013) The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science 341(6145):569–573. doi:10.1126/science.1241165 PubMedCrossRef Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N, Michaud M, Gallini CA, Bohlooly YM, Glickman JN, Garrett WS (2013) The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science 341(6145):569–573. doi:10.​1126/​science.​1241165 PubMedCrossRef
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Tao R, de Zoeten EF, Ozkaynak E, Chen C, Wang L, Porrett PM, Li B, Turka LA, Olson EN, Greene MI, Wells AD, Hancock WW (2007) Deacetylase inhibition promotes the generation and function of regulatory T cells. Nat Med 13(11):1299–1307. doi:10.1038/nm1652 PubMedCrossRef Tao R, de Zoeten EF, Ozkaynak E, Chen C, Wang L, Porrett PM, Li B, Turka LA, Olson EN, Greene MI, Wells AD, Hancock WW (2007) Deacetylase inhibition promotes the generation and function of regulatory T cells. Nat Med 13(11):1299–1307. doi:10.​1038/​nm1652 PubMedCrossRef
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang LQ, de Zoeten EF, Greene MI, Hancock WW (2009) Immunomodulatory effects of deacetylase inhibitors: therapeutic targeting of FOXP3 (+) regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8(12):969–981. doi:10.1038/nrd3031 PubMedPubMedCentral Wang LQ, de Zoeten EF, Greene MI, Hancock WW (2009) Immunomodulatory effects of deacetylase inhibitors: therapeutic targeting of FOXP3 (+) regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8(12):969–981. doi:10.​1038/​nrd3031 PubMedPubMedCentral
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Park J, Kim M, Kang SG, Jannasch AH, Cooper B, Patterson J, Kim CH (2015) Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR-S6 K pathway. Mucosal immunology 8(1):80–93. doi:10.1038/mi.2014.44 PubMedCrossRef Park J, Kim M, Kang SG, Jannasch AH, Cooper B, Patterson J, Kim CH (2015) Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR-S6 K pathway. Mucosal immunology 8(1):80–93. doi:10.​1038/​mi.​2014.​44 PubMedCrossRef
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Erny D, Hrabe de Angelis AL, Jaitin D, Wieghofer P, Staszewski O, David E, Keren-Shaul H, Mahlakoiv T, Jakobshagen K, Buch T, Schwierzeck V, Utermohlen O, Chun E, Garrett WS, McCoy KD, Diefenbach A, Staeheli P, Stecher B, Amit I, Prinz M (2015) Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nat Neurosci 18(7):965–977. doi:10.1038/nn.4030 PubMedCrossRef Erny D, Hrabe de Angelis AL, Jaitin D, Wieghofer P, Staszewski O, David E, Keren-Shaul H, Mahlakoiv T, Jakobshagen K, Buch T, Schwierzeck V, Utermohlen O, Chun E, Garrett WS, McCoy KD, Diefenbach A, Staeheli P, Stecher B, Amit I, Prinz M (2015) Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nat Neurosci 18(7):965–977. doi:10.​1038/​nn.​4030 PubMedCrossRef
185.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujita T, Matsuoka T, Honda T, Kabashima K, Hirata T, Narumiya S (2011) A GPR40 agonist GW9508 suppresses CCL5, CCL17, and CXCL10 induction in keratinocytes and attenuates cutaneous immune inflammation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 131(8):1660–1667. doi:10.1038/jid.2011.123 PubMedCrossRef Fujita T, Matsuoka T, Honda T, Kabashima K, Hirata T, Narumiya S (2011) A GPR40 agonist GW9508 suppresses CCL5, CCL17, and CXCL10 induction in keratinocytes and attenuates cutaneous immune inflammation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 131(8):1660–1667. doi:10.​1038/​jid.​2011.​123 PubMedCrossRef
189.
192.
Zurück zum Zitat Klebanoff CA, Spencer SP, Torabi-Parizi P, Grainger JR, Roychoudhuri R, Ji Y, Sukumar M, Muranski P, Scott CD, Hall JA, Ferreyra GA, Leonardi AJ, Borman ZA, Wang J, Palmer DC, Wilhelm C, Cai R, Sun J, Napoli JL, Danner RL, Gattinoni L, Belkaid Y, Restifo NP (2013) Retinoic acid controls the homeostasis of pre-cDC-derived splenic and intestinal dendritic cells. J Exp Med 210(10):1961–1976. doi:10.1084/jem.20122508 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Klebanoff CA, Spencer SP, Torabi-Parizi P, Grainger JR, Roychoudhuri R, Ji Y, Sukumar M, Muranski P, Scott CD, Hall JA, Ferreyra GA, Leonardi AJ, Borman ZA, Wang J, Palmer DC, Wilhelm C, Cai R, Sun J, Napoli JL, Danner RL, Gattinoni L, Belkaid Y, Restifo NP (2013) Retinoic acid controls the homeostasis of pre-cDC-derived splenic and intestinal dendritic cells. J Exp Med 210(10):1961–1976. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20122508 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
193.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng R, Bscheider M, Lahl K, Lee M, Butcher EC (2016) Generation and transcriptional programming of intestinal dendritic cells: essential role of retinoic acid. Mucosal immunology 9(1):183–193. doi:10.1038/mi.2015.50 PubMedCrossRef Zeng R, Bscheider M, Lahl K, Lee M, Butcher EC (2016) Generation and transcriptional programming of intestinal dendritic cells: essential role of retinoic acid. Mucosal immunology 9(1):183–193. doi:10.​1038/​mi.​2015.​50 PubMedCrossRef
195.
Zurück zum Zitat Bakdash G, Vogelpoel LT, van Capel TM, Kapsenberg ML, de Jong EC (2015) Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Mucosal immunology 8(2):265–278. doi:10.1038/mi.2014.64 PubMedCrossRef Bakdash G, Vogelpoel LT, van Capel TM, Kapsenberg ML, de Jong EC (2015) Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Mucosal immunology 8(2):265–278. doi:10.​1038/​mi.​2014.​64 PubMedCrossRef
197.
Zurück zum Zitat Manicassamy S, Ravindran R, Deng J, Oluoch H, Denning TL, Kasturi SP, Rosenthal KM, Evavold BD, Pulendran B (2009) Toll-like receptor 2-dependent induction of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity. Nat Med 15(4):401–409. doi:10.1038/nm.1925 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Manicassamy S, Ravindran R, Deng J, Oluoch H, Denning TL, Kasturi SP, Rosenthal KM, Evavold BD, Pulendran B (2009) Toll-like receptor 2-dependent induction of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity. Nat Med 15(4):401–409. doi:10.​1038/​nm.​1925 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
198.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang S, Villablanca EJ, De Calisto J, Gomes DC, Nguyen DD, Mizoguchi E, Kagan JC, Reinecker HC, Hacohen N, Nagler C, Xavier RJ, Rossi-Bergmann B, Chen YB, Blomhoff R, Snapper SB, Mora JR (2011) MyD88-dependent TLR1/2 signals educate dendritic cells with gut-specific imprinting properties. J Immunol 187(1):141–150. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003740 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wang S, Villablanca EJ, De Calisto J, Gomes DC, Nguyen DD, Mizoguchi E, Kagan JC, Reinecker HC, Hacohen N, Nagler C, Xavier RJ, Rossi-Bergmann B, Chen YB, Blomhoff R, Snapper SB, Mora JR (2011) MyD88-dependent TLR1/2 signals educate dendritic cells with gut-specific imprinting properties. J Immunol 187(1):141–150. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1003740 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
199.
200.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang SG, Lim HW, Andrisani OM, Broxmeyer HE, Kim CH (2007) Vitamin a metabolites induce gut-homing FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 179(6):3724–3733PubMedCrossRef Kang SG, Lim HW, Andrisani OM, Broxmeyer HE, Kim CH (2007) Vitamin a metabolites induce gut-homing FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 179(6):3724–3733PubMedCrossRef
203.
204.
Zurück zum Zitat Schambach F, Schupp M, Lazar MA, Reiner SL (2007) Activation of retinoic acid receptor-alpha favours regulatory T cell induction at the expense of IL-17-secreting T helper cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 37(9):2396–2399. doi:10.1002/eji.200737621 PubMedCrossRef Schambach F, Schupp M, Lazar MA, Reiner SL (2007) Activation of retinoic acid receptor-alpha favours regulatory T cell induction at the expense of IL-17-secreting T helper cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 37(9):2396–2399. doi:10.​1002/​eji.​200737621 PubMedCrossRef
205.
Zurück zum Zitat De Leenheer AP, Lambert WE, Claeys I (1982) All-trans-retinoic acid: measurement of reference values in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography. J Lipid Res 23(9):1362–1367PubMed De Leenheer AP, Lambert WE, Claeys I (1982) All-trans-retinoic acid: measurement of reference values in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography. J Lipid Res 23(9):1362–1367PubMed
206.
Zurück zum Zitat Uematsu S, Fujimoto K, Jang MH, Yang BG, Jung YJ, Nishiyama M, Sato S, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto M, Yokota Y, Kiyono H, Miyasaka M, Ishii KJ, Akira S (2008) Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing toll-like receptor 5. Nat Immunol 9(7):769–776. doi:10.1038/ni.1622 PubMedCrossRef Uematsu S, Fujimoto K, Jang MH, Yang BG, Jung YJ, Nishiyama M, Sato S, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto M, Yokota Y, Kiyono H, Miyasaka M, Ishii KJ, Akira S (2008) Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing toll-like receptor 5. Nat Immunol 9(7):769–776. doi:10.​1038/​ni.​1622 PubMedCrossRef
207.
Zurück zum Zitat Cha HR, Chang SY, Chang JH, Kim JO, Yang JY, Kim CH, Kweon MN (2010) Downregulation of Th17 cells in the small intestine by disruption of gut flora in the absence of retinoic acid. J Immunol 184(12):6799–6806. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902944 PubMedCrossRef Cha HR, Chang SY, Chang JH, Kim JO, Yang JY, Kim CH, Kweon MN (2010) Downregulation of Th17 cells in the small intestine by disruption of gut flora in the absence of retinoic acid. J Immunol 184(12):6799–6806. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0902944 PubMedCrossRef
209.
Zurück zum Zitat Pino-Lagos K, Guo Y, Brown C, Alexander MP, Elgueta R, Bennett KA, De Vries V, Nowak E, Blomhoff R, Sockanathan S, Chandraratna RA, Dmitrovsky E, Noelle RJ (2011) A retinoic acid-dependent checkpoint in the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity. J Exp Med 208(9):1767–1775. doi:10.1084/jem.20102358 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pino-Lagos K, Guo Y, Brown C, Alexander MP, Elgueta R, Bennett KA, De Vries V, Nowak E, Blomhoff R, Sockanathan S, Chandraratna RA, Dmitrovsky E, Noelle RJ (2011) A retinoic acid-dependent checkpoint in the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity. J Exp Med 208(9):1767–1775. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20102358 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
210.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall JA, Cannons JL, Grainger JR, Dos Santos LM, Hand TW, Naik S, Wohlfert EA, Chou DB, Oldenhove G, Robinson M, Grigg ME, Kastenmayer R, Schwartzberg PL, Belkaid Y (2011) Essential role for retinoic acid in the promotion of CD4 (+) T cell effector responses via retinoic acid receptor alpha. Immunity 34(3):435–447. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.003 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hall JA, Cannons JL, Grainger JR, Dos Santos LM, Hand TW, Naik S, Wohlfert EA, Chou DB, Oldenhove G, Robinson M, Grigg ME, Kastenmayer R, Schwartzberg PL, Belkaid Y (2011) Essential role for retinoic acid in the promotion of CD4 (+) T cell effector responses via retinoic acid receptor alpha. Immunity 34(3):435–447. doi:10.​1016/​j.​immuni.​2011.​03.​003 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
211.
Zurück zum Zitat Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussaini G, Susanto D (1983) Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin a deficiency. Lancet 2(8350):585–588PubMedCrossRef Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussaini G, Susanto D (1983) Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin a deficiency. Lancet 2(8350):585–588PubMedCrossRef
212.
Zurück zum Zitat Stephens D, Jackson PL, Gutierrez Y (1996) Subclinical vitamin a deficiency: a potentially unrecognized problem in the United States. Pediatr Nurs 22(5):377–389 456PubMed Stephens D, Jackson PL, Gutierrez Y (1996) Subclinical vitamin a deficiency: a potentially unrecognized problem in the United States. Pediatr Nurs 22(5):377–389 456PubMed
213.
Zurück zum Zitat Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Djunaedi E, West KP Jr, Loeden AA, Tilden R, Mele L (1986) Impact of vitamin a supplementation on childhood mortality. A randomised controlled community trial. Lancet 1(8491):1169–1173PubMedCrossRef Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Djunaedi E, West KP Jr, Loeden AA, Tilden R, Mele L (1986) Impact of vitamin a supplementation on childhood mortality. A randomised controlled community trial. Lancet 1(8491):1169–1173PubMedCrossRef
215.
Zurück zum Zitat Mora JR, Iwata M, Eksteen B, Song SY, Junt T, Senman B, Otipoby KL, Yokota A, Takeuchi H, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Rajewsky K, Adams DH, von Andrian UH (2006) Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells. Science 314(5802):1157–1160. doi:10.1126/science.1132742 PubMedCrossRef Mora JR, Iwata M, Eksteen B, Song SY, Junt T, Senman B, Otipoby KL, Yokota A, Takeuchi H, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Rajewsky K, Adams DH, von Andrian UH (2006) Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells. Science 314(5802):1157–1160. doi:10.​1126/​science.​1132742 PubMedCrossRef
216.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudraraju R, Surman SL, Jones BG, Sealy R, Woodland DL, Hurwitz JL (2012) Reduced frequencies and heightened CD103 expression among virus-induced CD8(+) T cells in the respiratory tract airways of vitamin A-deficient mice. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 19(5):757–765. doi:10.1128/CVI.05576-11 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rudraraju R, Surman SL, Jones BG, Sealy R, Woodland DL, Hurwitz JL (2012) Reduced frequencies and heightened CD103 expression among virus-induced CD8(+) T cells in the respiratory tract airways of vitamin A-deficient mice. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 19(5):757–765. doi:10.​1128/​CVI.​05576-11 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
217.
218.
Zurück zum Zitat Surman SL, Jones BG, Rudraraju R, Sealy RE, Hurwitz JL (2014) Intranasal administration of retinyl palmitate with a respiratory virus vaccine corrects impaired mucosal IgA response in the vitamin A-deficient host. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 21(4):598–601. doi:10.1128/CVI.00757-13 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Surman SL, Jones BG, Rudraraju R, Sealy RE, Hurwitz JL (2014) Intranasal administration of retinyl palmitate with a respiratory virus vaccine corrects impaired mucosal IgA response in the vitamin A-deficient host. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 21(4):598–601. doi:10.​1128/​CVI.​00757-13 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
220.
Zurück zum Zitat DeLuca HF (2004) Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 80(6 Suppl):1689S–1696SPubMed DeLuca HF (2004) Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 80(6 Suppl):1689S–1696SPubMed
222.
224.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Krane SM (1986) Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages: inhibition of interleukin-2 and augmentation of interleukin-1 production. Cell Immunol 98(2):311–322PubMedCrossRef Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Krane SM (1986) Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages: inhibition of interleukin-2 and augmentation of interleukin-1 production. Cell Immunol 98(2):311–322PubMedCrossRef
225.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Clemens TL, Holick MF, Krane SM (1983) Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57(6):1308–1310. doi:10.1210/jcem-57-6-1308 PubMedCrossRef Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Clemens TL, Holick MF, Krane SM (1983) Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: presence in monocytes and induction in T lymphocytes following activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57(6):1308–1310. doi:10.​1210/​jcem-57-6-1308 PubMedCrossRef
226.
Zurück zum Zitat Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC (1983) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science 221(4616):1181–1183PubMedCrossRef Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC (1983) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science 221(4616):1181–1183PubMedCrossRef
228.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF (1996) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(15):7861–7864PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF (1996) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(15):7861–7864PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
229.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathieu C, Laureys J, Sobis H, Vandeputte M, Waer M, Bouillon R (1992) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents insulitis in NOD mice. Diabetes 41(11):1491–1495PubMedCrossRef Mathieu C, Laureys J, Sobis H, Vandeputte M, Waer M, Bouillon R (1992) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents insulitis in NOD mice. Diabetes 41(11):1491–1495PubMedCrossRef
231.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffin MD, Lutz W, Phan VA, Bachman LA, McKean DJ, Kumar R (2001) Dendritic cell modulation by 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs: a vitamin D receptor-dependent pathway that promotes a persistent state of immaturity in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(12):6800–6805. doi:10.1073/pnas.121172198 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Griffin MD, Lutz W, Phan VA, Bachman LA, McKean DJ, Kumar R (2001) Dendritic cell modulation by 1alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs: a vitamin D receptor-dependent pathway that promotes a persistent state of immaturity in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(12):6800–6805. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​121172198 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
232.
Zurück zum Zitat Penna G, Adorini L (2000) 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation. J Immunol 164(5):2405–2411PubMedCrossRef Penna G, Adorini L (2000) 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival of dendritic cells leading to impaired alloreactive T cell activation. J Immunol 164(5):2405–2411PubMedCrossRef
233.
Zurück zum Zitat Piemonti L, Monti P, Sironi M, Fraticelli P, Leone BE, Dal Cin E, Allavena P, Di Carlo V (2000) Vitamin D3 affects differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 164(9):4443–4451PubMedCrossRef Piemonti L, Monti P, Sironi M, Fraticelli P, Leone BE, Dal Cin E, Allavena P, Di Carlo V (2000) Vitamin D3 affects differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 164(9):4443–4451PubMedCrossRef
234.
Zurück zum Zitat Canning MO, Grotenhuis K, de Wit H, Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA (2001) 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH) (2)D (3)) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes. European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 145(3):351–357CrossRef Canning MO, Grotenhuis K, de Wit H, Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA (2001) 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH) (2)D (3)) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes. European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 145(3):351–357CrossRef
235.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffin MD, Lutz WH, Phan VA, Bachman LA, McKean DJ, Kumar R (2000) Potent inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation by vitamin D analogs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270(3):701–708. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2490 PubMedCrossRef Griffin MD, Lutz WH, Phan VA, Bachman LA, McKean DJ, Kumar R (2000) Potent inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation by vitamin D analogs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270(3):701–708. doi:10.​1006/​bbrc.​2000.​2490 PubMedCrossRef
236.
Zurück zum Zitat Berer A, Stockl J, Majdic O, Wagner T, Kollars M, Lechner K, Geissler K, Oehler L (2000) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and maturation in vitro. Exp Hematol 28(5):575–583PubMedCrossRef Berer A, Stockl J, Majdic O, Wagner T, Kollars M, Lechner K, Geissler K, Oehler L (2000) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and maturation in vitro. Exp Hematol 28(5):575–583PubMedCrossRef
237.
Zurück zum Zitat Unger WW, Laban S, Kleijwegt FS, van der Slik AR, Roep BO (2009) Induction of Treg by monocyte-derived DC modulated by vitamin D3 or dexamethasone: differential role for PD-L1. Eur J Immunol 39(11):3147–3159. doi:10.1002/eji.200839103 PubMedCrossRef Unger WW, Laban S, Kleijwegt FS, van der Slik AR, Roep BO (2009) Induction of Treg by monocyte-derived DC modulated by vitamin D3 or dexamethasone: differential role for PD-L1. Eur J Immunol 39(11):3147–3159. doi:10.​1002/​eji.​200839103 PubMedCrossRef
238.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira GB, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Waer M, Overbergh L, Gysemans C, Mathieu C (2011) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alters murine dendritic cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 27(8):933–941. doi:10.1002/dmrr.1275 PubMedCrossRef Ferreira GB, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Waer M, Overbergh L, Gysemans C, Mathieu C (2011) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alters murine dendritic cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 27(8):933–941. doi:10.​1002/​dmrr.​1275 PubMedCrossRef
239.
Zurück zum Zitat Harant H, Wolff B, Lindley IJ (1998) 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB in human fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 436(3):329–334PubMedCrossRef Harant H, Wolff B, Lindley IJ (1998) 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB in human fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 436(3):329–334PubMedCrossRef
240.
Zurück zum Zitat D'Ambrosio D, Cippitelli M, Cocciolo MG, Mazzeo D, Di Lucia P, Lang R, Sinigaglia F, Panina-Bordignon P (1998) Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NF-kappaB downregulation in transcriptional repression of the p40 gene. J Clin Invest 101(1):252–262. doi:10.1172/JCI1050 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef D'Ambrosio D, Cippitelli M, Cocciolo MG, Mazzeo D, Di Lucia P, Lang R, Sinigaglia F, Panina-Bordignon P (1998) Inhibition of IL-12 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Involvement of NF-kappaB downregulation in transcriptional repression of the p40 gene. J Clin Invest 101(1):252–262. doi:10.​1172/​JCI1050 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
244.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira GB, Kleijwegt FS, Waelkens E, Lage K, Nikolic T, Hansen DA, Workman CT, Roep BO, Overbergh L, Mathieu C (2012) Differential protein pathways in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) and dexamethasone modulated tolerogenic human dendritic cells. J Proteome Res 11(2):941–971. doi:10.1021/pr200724e PubMedCrossRef Ferreira GB, Kleijwegt FS, Waelkens E, Lage K, Nikolic T, Hansen DA, Workman CT, Roep BO, Overbergh L, Mathieu C (2012) Differential protein pathways in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) and dexamethasone modulated tolerogenic human dendritic cells. J Proteome Res 11(2):941–971. doi:10.​1021/​pr200724e PubMedCrossRef
245.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira GB, Vanherwegen AS, Eelen G, Gutierrez AC, Van Lommel L, Marchal K, Verlinden L, Verstuyf A, Nogueira T, Georgiadou M, Schuit F, Eizirik DL, Gysemans C, Carmeliet P, Overbergh L, Mathieu C (2015) Vitamin D3 induces tolerance in human dendritic cells by activation of intracellular metabolic pathways. Cell Rep. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.013 Ferreira GB, Vanherwegen AS, Eelen G, Gutierrez AC, Van Lommel L, Marchal K, Verlinden L, Verstuyf A, Nogueira T, Georgiadou M, Schuit F, Eizirik DL, Gysemans C, Carmeliet P, Overbergh L, Mathieu C (2015) Vitamin D3 induces tolerance in human dendritic cells by activation of intracellular metabolic pathways. Cell Rep. doi:10.​1016/​j.​celrep.​2015.​01.​013
246.
Zurück zum Zitat Malinarich F, Duan K, Hamid RA, Bijin A, Lin WX, Poidinger M, Fairhurst AM, Connolly JE (2015) High mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic capacity represent a metabolic phenotype of human tolerogenic dendritic cells. J Immunol 194(11):5174–5186. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1303316 PubMedCrossRef Malinarich F, Duan K, Hamid RA, Bijin A, Lin WX, Poidinger M, Fairhurst AM, Connolly JE (2015) High mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic capacity represent a metabolic phenotype of human tolerogenic dendritic cells. J Immunol 194(11):5174–5186. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1303316 PubMedCrossRef
247.
Zurück zum Zitat Lips P (2007) Relative value of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D measurements. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 22(11):1668–1671. doi:10.1359/jbmr.070716 CrossRef Lips P (2007) Relative value of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D measurements. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 22(11):1668–1671. doi:10.​1359/​jbmr.​070716 CrossRef
248.
Zurück zum Zitat Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Norman AW (1987) Synthesis in vitro of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by interferon-gamma-stimulated normal human bone marrow and alveolar macrophages. J Biol Chem 262(23):10931–10937PubMed Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Norman AW (1987) Synthesis in vitro of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by interferon-gamma-stimulated normal human bone marrow and alveolar macrophages. J Biol Chem 262(23):10931–10937PubMed
249.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreutz M, Andreesen R, Krause SW, Szabo A, Ritz E, Reichel H (1993) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production and vitamin D3 receptor expression are developmentally regulated during differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. Blood 82(4):1300–1307PubMed Kreutz M, Andreesen R, Krause SW, Szabo A, Ritz E, Reichel H (1993) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production and vitamin D3 receptor expression are developmentally regulated during differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. Blood 82(4):1300–1307PubMed
250.
Zurück zum Zitat Fritsche J, Mondal K, Ehrnsperger A, Andreesen R, Kreutz M (2003) Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase and production of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human dendritic cells. Blood 102(9):3314–3316. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3521 PubMedCrossRef Fritsche J, Mondal K, Ehrnsperger A, Andreesen R, Kreutz M (2003) Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase and production of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human dendritic cells. Blood 102(9):3314–3316. doi:10.​1182/​blood-2002-11-3521 PubMedCrossRef
251.
Zurück zum Zitat Hewison M, Freeman L, Hughes SV, Evans KN, Bland R, Eliopoulos AG, Kilby MD, Moss PA, Chakraverty R (2003) Differential regulation of vitamin D receptor and its ligand in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 170(11):5382–5390PubMedCrossRef Hewison M, Freeman L, Hughes SV, Evans KN, Bland R, Eliopoulos AG, Kilby MD, Moss PA, Chakraverty R (2003) Differential regulation of vitamin D receptor and its ligand in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 170(11):5382–5390PubMedCrossRef
252.
253.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeffery LE, Burke F, Mura M, Zheng Y, Qureshi OS, Hewison M, Walker LS, Lammas DA, Raza K, Sansom DM (2009) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol 183(9):5458–5467. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0803217 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jeffery LE, Burke F, Mura M, Zheng Y, Qureshi OS, Hewison M, Walker LS, Lammas DA, Raza K, Sansom DM (2009) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol 183(9):5458–5467. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0803217 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
254.
Zurück zum Zitat Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF, Alt C, Habtezion A, Soler D, Butcher EC (2007) DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat Immunol 8(3):285–293. doi:10.1038/ni1433 PubMedCrossRef Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF, Alt C, Habtezion A, Soler D, Butcher EC (2007) DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat Immunol 8(3):285–293. doi:10.​1038/​ni1433 PubMedCrossRef
255.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Aar AM, Sibiryak DS, Bakdash G, van Capel TM, van der Kleij HP, Opstelten DJ, Teunissen MB, Kapsenberg ML, de Jong EC (2011) Vitamin D3 targets epidermal and dermal dendritic cells for induction of distinct regulatory T cells. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 127(6):1532–1540 . doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.068e1537PubMedCrossRef van der Aar AM, Sibiryak DS, Bakdash G, van Capel TM, van der Kleij HP, Opstelten DJ, Teunissen MB, Kapsenberg ML, de Jong EC (2011) Vitamin D3 targets epidermal and dermal dendritic cells for induction of distinct regulatory T cells. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 127(6):1532–1540 . doi:10.​1016/​j.​jaci.​2011.​01.​068e1537PubMedCrossRef
256.
Zurück zum Zitat Holick MF, Chen TC (2008) Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 87(4):1080S–1086SPubMed Holick MF, Chen TC (2008) Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 87(4):1080S–1086SPubMed
258.
Zurück zum Zitat Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R, Kochert K, Simon KC, Polman CH, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller DH, Montalban X, Edan G, Barkhof F, Pleimes D, Radu EW, Sandbrink R, Kappos L, Pohl C (2014) Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA neurology 71(3):306–314. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5993 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R, Kochert K, Simon KC, Polman CH, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller DH, Montalban X, Edan G, Barkhof F, Pleimes D, Radu EW, Sandbrink R, Kappos L, Pohl C (2014) Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA neurology 71(3):306–314. doi:10.​1001/​jamaneurol.​2013.​5993 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
260.
Zurück zum Zitat International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics C, Wellcome Trust Case Control C, Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M, Spencer CC, Patsopoulos NA, Moutsianas L, Dilthey A, Su Z, Freeman C, Hunt SE, Edkins S, Gray E, Booth DR, Potter SC, Goris A, Band G, Oturai AB, Strange A, Saarela J, Bellenguez C, Fontaine B, Gillman M, Hemmer B, Gwilliam R, Zipp F, Jayakumar A, Martin R, Leslie S, Hawkins S, Giannoulatou E, D'Alfonso S, Blackburn H, Martinelli Boneschi F, Liddle J, Harbo HF, Perez ML, Spurkland A, Waller MJ, Mycko MP, Ricketts M, Comabella M, Hammond N, Kockum I, McCann OT, Ban M, Whittaker P, Kemppinen A, Weston P, Hawkins C, Widaa S, Zajicek J, Dronov S, Robertson N, Bumpstead SJ, Barcellos LF, Ravindrarajah R, Abraham R, Alfredsson L, Ardlie K, Aubin C, Baker A, Baker K, Baranzini SE, Bergamaschi L, Bergamaschi R, Bernstein A, Berthele A, Boggild M, Bradfield JP, Brassat D, Broadley SA, Buck D, Butzkueven H, Capra R, Carroll WM, Cavalla P, Celius EG, Cepok S, Chiavacci R, Clerget-Darpoux F, Clysters K, Comi G, Cossburn M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Cox MB, Cozen W, Cree BA, Cross AH, Cusi D, Daly MJ, Davis E, de Bakker PI, Debouverie M, D'Hooghe MB, Dixon K, Dobosi R, Dubois B, Ellinghaus D, Elovaara I, Esposito F, Fontenille C, Foote S, Franke A, Galimberti D, Ghezzi A, Glessner J, Gomez R, Gout O, Graham C, Grant SF, Guerini FR, Hakonarson H, Hall P, Hamsten A, Hartung HP, Heard RN, Heath S, Hobart J, Hoshi M, Infante-Duarte C, Ingram G, Ingram W, Islam T, Jagodic M, Kabesch M, Kermode AG, Kilpatrick TJ, Kim C, Klopp N, Koivisto K, Larsson M, Lathrop M, Lechner-Scott JS, Leone MA, Leppa V, Liljedahl U, Bomfim IL, Lincoln RR, Link J, Liu J, Lorentzen AR, Lupoli S, Macciardi F, Mack T, Marriott M, Martinelli V, Mason D, McCauley JL, Mentch F, Mero IL, Mihalova T, Montalban X, Mottershead J, Myhr KM, Naldi P, Ollier W, Page A, Palotie A, Pelletier J, Piccio L, Pickersgill T, Piehl F, Pobywajlo S, Quach HL, Ramsay PP, Reunanen M, Reynolds R, Rioux JD, Rodegher M, Roesner S, Rubio JP, Ruckert IM, Salvetti M, Salvi E, Santaniello A, Schaefer CA, Schreiber S, Schulze C, Scott RJ, Sellebjerg F, Selmaj KW, Sexton D, Shen L, Simms-Acuna B, Skidmore S, Sleiman PM, Smestad C, Sorensen PS, Sondergaard HB, Stankovich J, Strange RC, Sulonen AM, Sundqvist E, Syvanen AC, Taddeo F, Taylor B, Blackwell JM, Tienari P, Bramon E, Tourbah A, Brown MA, Tronczynska E, Casas JP, Tubridy N, Corvin A, Vickery J, Jankowski J, Villoslada P, Markus HS, Wang K, Mathew CG, Wason J, Palmer CN, Wichmann HE, Plomin R, Willoughby E, Rautanen A, Winkelmann J, Wittig M, Trembath RC, Yaouanq J, Viswanathan AC, Zhang H, Wood NW, Zuvich R, Deloukas P, Langford C, Duncanson A, Oksenberg JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Olsson T, Hillert J, Ivinson AJ, De Jager PL, Peltonen L, Stewart GJ, Hafler DA, Hauser SL, McVean G, Donnelly P, Compston A (2011) Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 476(7359):214–219. doi:10.1038/nature10251 CrossRef International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics C, Wellcome Trust Case Control C, Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M, Spencer CC, Patsopoulos NA, Moutsianas L, Dilthey A, Su Z, Freeman C, Hunt SE, Edkins S, Gray E, Booth DR, Potter SC, Goris A, Band G, Oturai AB, Strange A, Saarela J, Bellenguez C, Fontaine B, Gillman M, Hemmer B, Gwilliam R, Zipp F, Jayakumar A, Martin R, Leslie S, Hawkins S, Giannoulatou E, D'Alfonso S, Blackburn H, Martinelli Boneschi F, Liddle J, Harbo HF, Perez ML, Spurkland A, Waller MJ, Mycko MP, Ricketts M, Comabella M, Hammond N, Kockum I, McCann OT, Ban M, Whittaker P, Kemppinen A, Weston P, Hawkins C, Widaa S, Zajicek J, Dronov S, Robertson N, Bumpstead SJ, Barcellos LF, Ravindrarajah R, Abraham R, Alfredsson L, Ardlie K, Aubin C, Baker A, Baker K, Baranzini SE, Bergamaschi L, Bergamaschi R, Bernstein A, Berthele A, Boggild M, Bradfield JP, Brassat D, Broadley SA, Buck D, Butzkueven H, Capra R, Carroll WM, Cavalla P, Celius EG, Cepok S, Chiavacci R, Clerget-Darpoux F, Clysters K, Comi G, Cossburn M, Cournu-Rebeix I, Cox MB, Cozen W, Cree BA, Cross AH, Cusi D, Daly MJ, Davis E, de Bakker PI, Debouverie M, D'Hooghe MB, Dixon K, Dobosi R, Dubois B, Ellinghaus D, Elovaara I, Esposito F, Fontenille C, Foote S, Franke A, Galimberti D, Ghezzi A, Glessner J, Gomez R, Gout O, Graham C, Grant SF, Guerini FR, Hakonarson H, Hall P, Hamsten A, Hartung HP, Heard RN, Heath S, Hobart J, Hoshi M, Infante-Duarte C, Ingram G, Ingram W, Islam T, Jagodic M, Kabesch M, Kermode AG, Kilpatrick TJ, Kim C, Klopp N, Koivisto K, Larsson M, Lathrop M, Lechner-Scott JS, Leone MA, Leppa V, Liljedahl U, Bomfim IL, Lincoln RR, Link J, Liu J, Lorentzen AR, Lupoli S, Macciardi F, Mack T, Marriott M, Martinelli V, Mason D, McCauley JL, Mentch F, Mero IL, Mihalova T, Montalban X, Mottershead J, Myhr KM, Naldi P, Ollier W, Page A, Palotie A, Pelletier J, Piccio L, Pickersgill T, Piehl F, Pobywajlo S, Quach HL, Ramsay PP, Reunanen M, Reynolds R, Rioux JD, Rodegher M, Roesner S, Rubio JP, Ruckert IM, Salvetti M, Salvi E, Santaniello A, Schaefer CA, Schreiber S, Schulze C, Scott RJ, Sellebjerg F, Selmaj KW, Sexton D, Shen L, Simms-Acuna B, Skidmore S, Sleiman PM, Smestad C, Sorensen PS, Sondergaard HB, Stankovich J, Strange RC, Sulonen AM, Sundqvist E, Syvanen AC, Taddeo F, Taylor B, Blackwell JM, Tienari P, Bramon E, Tourbah A, Brown MA, Tronczynska E, Casas JP, Tubridy N, Corvin A, Vickery J, Jankowski J, Villoslada P, Markus HS, Wang K, Mathew CG, Wason J, Palmer CN, Wichmann HE, Plomin R, Willoughby E, Rautanen A, Winkelmann J, Wittig M, Trembath RC, Yaouanq J, Viswanathan AC, Zhang H, Wood NW, Zuvich R, Deloukas P, Langford C, Duncanson A, Oksenberg JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Haines JL, Olsson T, Hillert J, Ivinson AJ, De Jager PL, Peltonen L, Stewart GJ, Hafler DA, Hauser SL, McVean G, Donnelly P, Compston A (2011) Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 476(7359):214–219. doi:10.​1038/​nature10251 CrossRef
261.
Zurück zum Zitat Australia, New Zealand Multiple Sclerosis Genetics C (2009) Genome-wide association study identifies new multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 20. Nat Genet 41(7):824–828. doi:10.1038/ng.396 CrossRef Australia, New Zealand Multiple Sclerosis Genetics C (2009) Genome-wide association study identifies new multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 20. Nat Genet 41(7):824–828. doi:10.​1038/​ng.​396 CrossRef
262.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Cader MZ, Morrison KM, Disanto G, Morahan JM, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Handel A, De Luca GC, Sadovnick AD, Lepage P, Montpetit A, Ebers GC (2011) Rare variants in the CYP27B1 gene are associated with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 70(6):881–886. doi:10.1002/ana.22678 PubMedCrossRef Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Cader MZ, Morrison KM, Disanto G, Morahan JM, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Handel A, De Luca GC, Sadovnick AD, Lepage P, Montpetit A, Ebers GC (2011) Rare variants in the CYP27B1 gene are associated with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 70(6):881–886. doi:10.​1002/​ana.​22678 PubMedCrossRef
263.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramagopalan SV, Heger A, Berlanga AJ, Maugeri NJ, Lincoln MR, Burrell A, Handunnetthi L, Handel AE, Disanto G, Orton SM, Watson CT, Morahan JM, Giovannoni G, Ponting CP, Ebers GC, Knight JC (2010) A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: associations with disease and evolution. Genome Res 20(10):1352–1360. doi:10.1101/gr.107920.110 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ramagopalan SV, Heger A, Berlanga AJ, Maugeri NJ, Lincoln MR, Burrell A, Handunnetthi L, Handel AE, Disanto G, Orton SM, Watson CT, Morahan JM, Giovannoni G, Ponting CP, Ebers GC, Knight JC (2010) A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: associations with disease and evolution. Genome Res 20(10):1352–1360. doi:10.​1101/​gr.​107920.​110 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
264.
Zurück zum Zitat Tizaoui K, Kaabachi W, Hamzaoui A, Hamzaoui K (2015) Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cellular & molecular immunology 12(2):243–252. doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.47 CrossRef Tizaoui K, Kaabachi W, Hamzaoui A, Hamzaoui K (2015) Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cellular & molecular immunology 12(2):243–252. doi:10.​1038/​cmi.​2014.​47 CrossRef
265.
266.
Zurück zum Zitat Ulitsky A, Ananthakrishnan AN, Naik A, Skaros S, Zadvornova Y, Binion DG, Issa M (2011) Vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: association with disease activity and quality of life. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 35(3):308–316. doi:10.1177/0148607110381267 Ulitsky A, Ananthakrishnan AN, Naik A, Skaros S, Zadvornova Y, Binion DG, Issa M (2011) Vitamin D deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: association with disease activity and quality of life. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 35(3):308–316. doi:10.​1177/​0148607110381267​
267.
Zurück zum Zitat Froicu M, Cantorna MT (2007) Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor are critical for control of the innate immune response to colonic injury. BMC Immunol 8:5. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-5 Froicu M, Cantorna MT (2007) Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor are critical for control of the innate immune response to colonic injury. BMC Immunol 8:5. doi:10.​1186/​1471-2172-8-5
268.
Zurück zum Zitat Ooi JH, Li Y, Rogers CJ, Cantorna MT (2013) Vitamin D regulates the gut microbiome and protects mice from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Nutr 143(10):1679–1686. doi:10.3945/jn.113.180794 Ooi JH, Li Y, Rogers CJ, Cantorna MT (2013) Vitamin D regulates the gut microbiome and protects mice from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Nutr 143(10):1679–1686. doi:10.​3945/​jn.​113.​180794
Metadaten
Titel
Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment
verfasst von
Lucía Minarrieta
Peyman Ghorbani
Tim Sparwasser
Luciana Berod
Publikationsdatum
05.12.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Seminars in Immunopathology 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.