Introduction
Methods
Trial design
Sample
Procedure
Instruments
Experience sampling primary and secondary clinical outcome measures
Sample size
Interventions
Metacognitive training
Occupational therapy
Data-analyses
Demographic information | MCT | OT | Test statistics |
---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Age | 23.59 (3.03) | 23.08 (4.16) |
F(1,48) = 0.25, p = 0.6 |
Sex ratio male/female | 18/7 | 22/3 |
χ
2(2) = 2, p = 0.15 |
Education by levelsa
| 5.28 (2.57) | 5.16 (1.86) |
F(1,48) = 0.036, p = 0.9 |
Diagnosis according to DSM IV-TR |
χ
2(3) = 2.6, p = 0.46 | ||
Schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder | 15 | 15 | |
Psychotic disorder NOS | 3 | 6 | |
Schizo-affective disorder | 2 | 1 | |
Other disorder with psychotic symptoms | 5 | 3 | |
Medication | |||
Antipsychotic medication ≥4 weeks | 23 | 24 | |
Clinical variables at baseline | |||
GTPS paranoid ideation | 47.64 (22.46) | 56.16 (24.45) |
F(1,48) = 1.51, p = 0.2 |
ESM paranoid ideation | 1.8 (0.98) | 2.03 (1.4) |
F(1,2113) = 9.99, p = 0.002 |
ESM negative self-esteem | 2.32 (1.17) | 3 (1.45) |
F(1,2113) = 81.3, p < 0.001 |
ESM negative affect | 2.26 (1.36) | 2.67 (1.36) |
F(1,2113) = 27.26, p < 0.001 |
ESM delusional conviction when experiencing delusional content | 5.08 (1.54) | 5.34 (1.76) |
F(1,737) = 2.96, p = 0.086 |
Jumping to conclusions <3 beads bias % | 13 (52%) | 12 (48%) |
χ
2(2) = 0.08, p = 0.5 |
Self-reflectiveness (BCIS) | 12.36 (3.26) | 12.92 (5.86) |
F(1,48) = 0.174, p = 0.7 |
Self-certainty (BCIS) | 8.24 (3.7) | 8.32 (4.06) |
F(1,48) = 0.05, p = 0.9 |
Results
Variable | Baseline | Posttreatment | Treatment × time interaction | Effect-size | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MCT | OT | MCT | OT |
p value | ||
ESM | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
Paranoid ideation | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.664 | na |
Delusion conviction | 5.3 (4.6–6.1) | 4.9 (4.1–5.7) | 4.9 (4.2–5.7) | 4.9 (4.0–5.7) | 0.147 | na |
Retrospective questionnaires | ||||||
Paranoid ideation GPTS | 47.6 (39.8–55.5) | 56.2 (48.3–64.1) | 35.1 (27.0–44.6) | 43.4 (34.2–52.7) | 0.758 | 0.03 |
Self-reflectiveness (BCIS) | 12.4 (10.6–14.1) | 12.9 (11.2–14.7) | 13.2 (11.3–15.2) | 11.4 (9.5–13.5) | 0.103 | 0.44 |
Self-certainty (BCIS) | 8.2 (6.8–9.7) | 8.3 (6.9–9.8) | 7.7 (6.2–9.3) | 6.5 (4.7–8.0) | 0.240 | 0.30 |
Jumping to conclusions bias % sample scoring <3 | 13 (52%) | 12 (48%) | 8 (40%) | 8 (47%) | 0.619 | OR 1.56a
|